令曾国藩刻骨铭心的一次公文写作挫折
<p> </p><fieldset style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 5px 15px; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 245); font-size: medium; line-height: 24px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="comment_quote"><legend style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 编者按 </span></strong></span></legend><legend style="font-family: 宋体; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 68, 41); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></legend>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-family: 宋体; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 有着中兴名臣和道德完人之称的曾国藩，总结一生四大挫折，居然把一次公文写作引发的尴尬列在其中。这就不免让人好奇，究竟是怎样的遭遇令他如此刻骨铭心？<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志2013年第12期，原标题为《大堑之后有大伸--从曾国藩的一次公文写作挫折说起》）</span></p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">同治六年（1867年）春天，时任湖北巡抚的曾国荃写信给哥哥曾国藩，倾吐对捻作战失利的苦闷。三月十二日，曾国藩回信，勉励他一定要“力守悔字硬字两诀，以求挽回”。为现身说法，曾国藩还在信中回顾了自己遇到的四次重大挫折：</span> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); box-sizing: border-box !important;">余生平吃数大堑，而癸丑六月不与焉。第一次壬辰年发佾生，学台悬牌，责其文理之浅。第二庚戌年上日讲疏内，画一图甚陋，九卿中无人不冷笑而薄之。第三甲寅年岳州、靖港败后栖于高峰寺，为通省官绅所鄙夷。第四乙卯年九江败后赧颜走入江西，又参抚、臬；丙辰被困南昌，官绅人人目笑存之。吃此四堑，无地自容，故近虽忝窃大名，而不敢自诩为有本领，不敢自以为是。俯畏人言，仰畏天命，皆从磨炼后得来。</span></p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 以此劝导曾国荃“反求诸己，切实做去”，“安知大堑之后无大伸之日耶？”</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> “庚戌年上日讲疏内，画一图甚陋，九卿中无人不冷笑而薄之”，说的就是在公文写作上遇到的挫折。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 为便于理解曾国藩为何把这次公文写作列入平生四大挫折，我想多费些笔墨，将这四次挫折一并作些介绍。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<fieldset style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 12px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; height: 1em;"><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: left; height: 16px; border-top-width: 0.4em; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main1"></section><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: right; height: 16px; border-top-width: 0.4em; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.4em; border-right-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main2"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 112, 192); padding: 0.8em; margin: -0.8em 0.1em -0.8em 0.2em; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 0.3em; border-top-right-radius: 0.3em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.3em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.3em;" class="main3"><section style="background-image: none; border: medium none; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-size: 1em; word-break: break-all; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一次重大挫折是“壬辰年发佾生，学台悬牌，责其文理之浅”。</span></strong></span></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; height: 1em;"><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-bottom-width: 0.4em; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: left; height: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main4"></section><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-bottom-width: 0.4em; border-bottom-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: right; height: 16px; border-right-width: 0.4em; border-right-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main5"></section></section></fieldset>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 道光十二年（1832年），曾国藩参加秀才资格考试（童试），却仅考取了“佾生”（考秀才虽未入围但成绩尚好者，可以充任孔庙中祭祀乐舞的人员）。秀才是“功名”的起点，只考取“佾生”，意味着已经二十二岁的曾国藩尚未跨过正式科举考试的门槛。这还罢了，更让他受不了的是，本省学政（主管教育的官员）在发榜时，还附带发布公告，批评曾国藩的考卷“文理太浅”。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 可能是这一当头棒喝让曾国藩醍醐灌顶，第二年曾国藩顺利考取秀才，第六年考取进士，并以庶吉士名义入选翰林院，实现了科举时代读书人梦寐以求的“中进士、点翰林”的理想。</p>
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<fieldset style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 12px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; height: 1em;"><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: left; height: 16px; border-top-width: 0.4em; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main1"></section><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: right; height: 16px; border-top-width: 0.4em; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.4em; border-right-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main2"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 112, 192); padding: 0.8em; margin: -0.8em 0.1em -0.8em 0.2em; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 0.3em; border-top-right-radius: 0.3em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.3em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.3em;" class="main3"><section style="background-image: none; border: medium none; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-size: 1em; word-break: break-all; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二次重大挫折是“庚戌年上日讲疏内，画一图甚陋，九卿中无人不冷笑而薄之”。</span></strong></span></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; height: 1em;"><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-bottom-width: 0.4em; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: left; height: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main4"></section><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-bottom-width: 0.4em; border-bottom-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: right; height: 16px; border-right-width: 0.4em; border-right-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main5"></section></section></fieldset>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">道光三十年（1850年）正月，道光帝病逝，清王朝已显露出内忧外患的颓势。年方二十、血气方刚的咸丰帝即位，面对山雨欲来风满楼的形势，连烧了两把火：一是断然罢黜重臣穆彰阿，二是频频下诏“求言”。这两项工作几乎是同时进行的。咸丰的这些举措，引人注目、振奋人心，人们仿佛看到了国家振兴的希望。</span> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 曾国藩当即响应皇帝号召，上了一道《应诏陈言疏》，奏陈“今日急务，首在用人，人才有转移之道，有培养之方，有考察之法”。要达到这个目标，曾国藩认为皇帝应该重视和加强“日讲”，以本身的振作之气，扭转仕途的疲沓之风。同时，必须改革官员选拔任用制度，让有理想、有抱负、能干事并干得成事的人才脱颖而出。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 咸丰对曾国藩奏陈的用人三策大加赞赏：“分析透彻，切中情事，措施可行，完全可以采用。”对加强“日讲”建议，咸丰也十分感兴趣，希望他尽快拿出具体实施办法和意见。曾国藩很快写出了疏稿，并且特意绘制了图表，用图文并茂的形式，对“日讲”内容和需要注意的事项作了阐述和说明。但遗憾的是，或许因为他的美术功底不够好，抑或时间紧迫来不及精心绘制，总之疏稿中的图表要多难看有多难看。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 有公文写作经验的人知道，在公文起草和审核阶段，对于文件中的附图，虽然必须做到意思清楚明白和数字具体准确，但图表本身画得马虎一些是无伤大雅的。然而，曾国藩的日讲疏稿传开后，朝廷大臣几乎都在嘲笑他那“幼稚”的图画。此事当时就令曾国藩郁闷万分、无地自容。甚至过了十七年后，曾国藩仍对此事记忆犹新，并视为平生遇到的最大的四次挫折之一。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">大臣们与曾国藩并无深仇大恨，为何要在这么一件看似鸡毛蒜皮的小事上吹毛求疵，集体发难？其中原因至少有两个：</span></p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 一是曾国藩的官运实在太好，碰到了一个在用人方面最重翰林的皇帝。道光帝对那些既有才学又很会写文章的翰林官员格外垂青，往往不数年，这些人便官至侍郎、巡抚、总督或尚书。曾国藩考取进士点为翰林之后，短短十年时间便由普通干部成长为副部级高干，将许多仕途同僚远远甩在后头，这一切固然是他本身素质高又勤努力的结果，但与道光的用人政策也是分不开的。现在咸丰皇帝又这样器重他，更好的前程似乎就摆在他面前，仕途同僚怎可能不妒火中烧？</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 二是曾国藩在《应诏陈言疏》中不仅痛斥了当时仕途的恶劣风气，而且对朝廷内外各级官员的办事通病给予了无情鞭挞和抨击，可谓曲尽了当时仕途的丑恶形态，其言辞之激烈，态度之愤激，让这些官员如坐针毡。如今他们好不容易抓到曾国藩一个短处，自然要大加反击，以证明曾国藩并没有什么了不起，其本身素质和工作表现，原来也不过如此。所以，曾国藩在这件“小”事情上出人意料地遭到同僚集体嘲讽和攻击。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<fieldset style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 12px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; height: 1em;"><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: left; height: 16px; border-top-width: 0.4em; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main1"></section><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: right; height: 16px; border-top-width: 0.4em; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.4em; border-right-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main2"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 112, 192); padding: 0.8em; margin: -0.8em 0.1em -0.8em 0.2em; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 0.3em; border-top-right-radius: 0.3em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.3em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.3em;" class="main3"><section style="background-image: none; border: medium none; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-size: 1em; word-break: break-all; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三次重大挫折是“甲寅年岳州、靖港败后栖于高峰寺，为通省官绅所鄙夷”。</span></strong></span></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; height: 1em;"><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-bottom-width: 0.4em; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: left; height: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main4"></section><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-bottom-width: 0.4em; border-bottom-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: right; height: 16px; border-right-width: 0.4em; border-right-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main5"></section></section></fieldset>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">咸丰四年（1854年）年初，曾国藩率湘军东征，惨败太平军，损失惨重。湘军主力被派往湘潭之后，曾国藩急功近利，不听劝阻，执意率领少量部队向靖港进发，结果遭到太平军痛击，几乎全军覆没。曾国藩羞愧之下投水自杀，幸亏幕僚李元度早有防备，暗中派人在他身边保护，曾国藩才没有死成，否则就要“出师未捷身先死”了。</span> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 靖港之败使曾国藩收到沉痛打击，昔日一些好友和幕僚，也纷纷借口离去。众叛亲离的曾国藩心绪坏到了极点，密令其弟曾国荃买好棺材，准备再次自杀。好在李元度不离不弃，一有机会就反复开导，曾国藩终于重新打起了精神。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<fieldset style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 12px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; height: 1em;"><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: left; height: 16px; border-top-width: 0.4em; border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main1"></section><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: right; height: 16px; border-top-width: 0.4em; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.4em; border-right-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main2"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 112, 192); padding: 0.8em; margin: -0.8em 0.1em -0.8em 0.2em; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 0.3em; border-top-right-radius: 0.3em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.3em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.3em;" class="main3"><section style="background-image: none; border: medium none; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-size: 1em; word-break: break-all; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第四次重大挫折是“乙卯年九江败后赧颜走入江西，又参抚、臬；丙辰被困南昌，官绅人人目笑存之”。</span></strong></span></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; height: 1em;"><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-bottom-width: 0.4em; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: left; height: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main4"></section><section style="border-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); border-bottom-width: 0.4em; border-bottom-style: solid; width: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; float: right; height: 16px; border-right-width: 0.4em; border-right-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="main5"></section></section></fieldset>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">经过几个月休整和兵员补充之后，曾国藩开始了第二次东征。到咸丰四年底，湘军先后从太平军手中夺取了岳州、武昌、黄梅等要地。但不久曾国藩又头脑发热，冒险进攻太平军着力经营的九江，结果湘军水师在行进途中被太平军拦腰截断为外江（长江）与内湖（鄱阳湖）两个部分。太平军焚其战船百余只，曾国藩的旗舰及文书档案也都成了太平军的战利品。这就是乙卯年即咸丰五年（1855年）的九江之败。曾国藩再次投水，李元度拼死力才将其捞上来，然后护送他退守南昌。</span> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 纵观曾国藩一生所遭遇的四大挫折，我们似乎可以说：“画图甚陋”遭人嘲笑的尴尬，也就是由公文写作直接引发的这次挫折，与其他三次挫折比起来，倒真不在同一档次上。但曾国藩宁愿不计1853年遭遇兵变的挫折，也要将它列为自己一生遭遇的四大挫折之一，肯定有他的考虑和用意。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">我以为曾国藩意在予人教益，比如在做人、做事和做官方面，就至少可以给我们三点启示：</span></p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是行事过于方刚者，表面上似乎是强者，实际上却是弱者。</span>刚柔相济才是至高境界。如果总是怀着强烈的道德优越感，自以为鹤立鸡群，人浊我清，由此顾盼自雄、锋芒毕露，说话太冲、办事太直，容易招人反感和嫉恨。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是细节决定成败。</span>小事不可小看，细节彰显魅力。细节既来自于态度，也来自于用心和习惯。做事不能好高骛远，眼高手低，要从眼前做起，从点滴做起，从每一个细节做起。每个细节，每个流程，每个标点符号，都要手到眼到心到，不能有丝毫马虎大意。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是要求别人做什么，自己首先要做到；要求别人达到什么境界，自己首先要达到。</span>不能对别人马列主义，对自己自由主义。如果总是说一套、做一套，说官话、打官腔，要指望别人买你的账，绝对不可能的。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 曾国藩遭遇这一挫折，固然是他触犯了仕途规则并且说话太冲所致，也与他当时眼高手低、办事草率有很大关系。正因如此，经过多年历练和沉淀之后，“大彻大悟”的曾国藩才会越来越觉得，把它列为自己所遭遇的四大挫折之一，是完全应该和必要的。</p>
<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p>
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<p style="min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Î￠èíÑÅoú, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 挫折既是一次教训，也是一笔财富。只要善于从挫折中吸取经验，人就会变得越来越聪明，越来越坚强。“大堑之后有大伸”，此言不虚。 （作者：眭达明）</p>
<p> </p><p></p> 做事做人，确实是门很深很深的学问。初入职场，似乎觉的也不象说的那样难；可是，随着阅历和经历的增加积累，越来越觉的，这门学问，真是不那么容易学透！参悟，参悟，还是参悟！一辈子都不够！
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