运用会议的艺术
<p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">会议是一种有组织、有领导、以集体议事的形式来商议或解决预定事项的行为过程,也是开展领导工作、实施领导的一种重要方法和手段。会议开得成功与否,不但影响到会议效果,影响工作进程,而且影响领导的威信。因此,掌握好运用会议的艺术,对于实施领导活动、实现工作目标,具有十分重要的作用。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">运用会议艺术,需要了解和掌握下列问题:<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(一)会议的类型<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">在实际工作中,会议的形式是多种多样的。<b>从组织形式看,有定期召开的经常性会议,有不定期召开的临时性会议;从会议的性质看,有告知型的会议,有执行型的会议,有建议型的会议;从会议的内容看,有研究工作会议,部署工作会议,协调工作会议,汇报工作会议,学习研讨会议,咨询论证会议,经验交流会议,座谈讨论会议,等等;从会议的规模看,有大型会议,中型会议,小型会议,等等。</b>以上分类只是相对的,而且不可能列举穷尽。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(二)会议的基本程序<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">就一般会议而言,主要有以下基本操作程序:<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">1</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.宣布会议开始<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">会议主持人宣布会议开始,并作简单的开场白或开幕词。开场白或开幕词应开宗明义,简明扼要,用最精炼的语言,向与会者讲明为什么开这次会议,会议的主要任务是什么、主要解决什么问题、会议的议程有哪些、出席会议的人员有哪些,这样可以使与会者有一个总体了解,从而便于领会和把握会议精神,为会议报告或研究问题做好铺垫。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">2</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.讨论、研究议题<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">讨论、研究议题是会议的实质性阶段。上级精神的传达、工作的研究部署、一系列问题的协调解决、提出各项工作要求,都将在这个阶段中完成。因此,领导者应当严密控制会议进程,注意会议进行中出现的新情况、新问题,调动与会人员的情绪。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">3</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.会议总结<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">会议总结是在会议即将结束时,把会议讨论研究了哪些问题,交流了哪些经验,形成了哪些共识,制定了哪些措施或文件,取得了哪些成果,对会后如何贯彻落实会议精神等,进行高度的概括和归纳,向与会人员报告。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">4</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.宣布闭幕<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">会议结束时,有的由主持人直接宣布闭幕;有的还要在作了专门的、或简短的闭幕词后才宣布闭幕。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(三)召开会议的基本规则<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">由于会议的类型不同,研究的内容不同,主持人的角色也有所不同,该说什么话,该做什么事,没有统一的模式可供选择,需要领导者根据具体情况灵活掌握。在具体实践中,下列一些基本规律和规则可供遵循和借鉴。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">1</span><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.<b>明确会议议题,做好充分准备<span lang="EN-US"></span></b></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">开会的目的是要解决一定的问题。无论开那种会议,都离不开明确会议的议题和做好会议准备。会议的主题越明确,准备得越充分,会议的效果就越好。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">如何做好会议准备?<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)明确会议的目的和议题<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">即明确为什么要召开这次会议,这次会议重点解决什么问题,希望达到什么效果。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">召开会议,在一般情况下,只应该有一个议题(或叫中心议题),不可以同时有许多议题。即使一个会议,要研究解决两个以上的问题,也要分清主次,做出有机的顺序安排,先集中力量解决主要问题,然后再解决第二、第三个一般性的问题。如果同时提出多种议题,就会造成与会者思绪紊乱,无所适从,或者会出现各自只对自己有兴趣的问题表达意见,其他问题避而不谈,结果是意见杂乱无章,认识难予统一,无法做出明确的结论,影响会议效果。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)做好调查研究和资料准备<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">有些会议,会前要搞好调查研究,摸清摸准实际情况,找准问题症结,做到心中有数。有些会议,要印发文件供与会者讨论和提意见。有些会议,要印发资料供与会者学习讨论。因此,会前要做好起草文件和印制资料的工作。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">3</span>)明确会议的程序<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">即会议召开之前,要明确会议怎么开,有几项议程,先干什么,后干什么,大约需要多长时间,做到心中有数。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">4</span>)拟定主持稿或讲话提纲<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">在明确会议的目的、任务和程序后,还要想好说些什么,怎么说。会议主持人最好在会议之前<b>拟定一个主持稿或讲话提纲</b>,把主要内容和重点句子列出来,到对根据情况现场发挥。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">5</span>)对会议可能出现的问题,要有预见性并做好对策的准备。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">2</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.明确会议宗旨,突出会议议题<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">会议主持人在会议一开始,就应当讲明本次有哪些议题,怎样开法,有哪些要求,与会者要承担什么任务等。其中,哪一项应由与会者在会上做出决定;哪一项只需听一听与会者的意见,以便进一步补充;哪一项只是告知性地打打招呼,介绍一下情况,暂不讨论;哪一项必须与上级保持一致,只需要与会者研究怎么协调行动等等;会议主持者都应当一项一项讲清楚,让与会者充分了解会议的目的、内容、任务和要求。</span></b><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">同时,会议主持者还应做到层次清晰,逻辑严密,表达准确,中心突出。切不可主次不分,轻重不分,内容庞杂,使听者不知所云,无所适从。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">3</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.端正文风会风,提高会议效率<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">领导主持会议,要讲话,要做报告,要引导会议,既有文风问题,也有会风问题。领导一定要严肃地对待文风和会风问题,从我做起,带头端正文风会风。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">端正文风会风的要求主要有如下几点:<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)坚持实事求是,敢讲真话和实话。即</span></b><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">既要报喜,也要报忧;既不夸大成绩,也不掩饰缺点和失误。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)坚持节约原则,提高会议效率。</span></b><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">这里所讲的“节约”,不仅包括人才、物力、财力的节约,而且包括时间的节约。如何贯彻节约原则,提高会议效率?具体要求有十项:第一,不开可开可不开的会。第二,不开没有明确议题的会。第三,不开有许多议题的会。第四,不开没有准备的会。第五,不开“马拉松式”的会。会议要短,时间不宜拖得太长,以<span lang="EN-US">60</span>――<span lang="EN-US">90</span>分钟为宜,特别是全体学生的会议。因为人的注意力在一小时内容易集中,超过九十分钟就会疲倦。第六,合理控制会议规模。会议宜小不宜大。大会人多嘈杂,小会注意力容易集中。第七,不让无关人员参加。第八,不要作离题发言。第九,不要作重复性发言。第十,不要议而不决,决而不行。<br><p></p><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">4</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.因会制宜,调动情绪<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">领导者在主持会议时,当然希望吸引听众,调动听众的积极性,使他们更多更好地接受会议精神。因此,针对不同的会议,把与会者的情绪鼓动起来,刺激与会者的兴奋点和注意力,是领导主持会议过程中充分发挥语言技巧的一个重要课题。在实践中,不同类型的会议有不同的要求,主持会议的领导应当因会制宜,区别对待,在语言运用上赋予不同的感情色彩。例如:在欢庆会上,语言应当热烈喜庆;在庄严的会议上,语言应当注意严肃性、规范性;在工作部署会上,语言应当清晰、准确、明快;在动员会上,语言就必须富有鼓动性,以提高人们的决心与信心,干劲和勇气。不同的语言,应与不同的会议、不同的气氛相协调、相配合、相一致。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">此外,在会议上调动群众情绪,还要注意两点:一是要靠真情实感来产生共鸣,不能靠大喊大叫,捶胸顿足;不能靠花言巧言或甜言蜜语;也不能靠低眉顺眼,博取同情。要靠真实的语言,真实的感情,真实的思想。二是靠对群众的信任、理解和尊重。只要信任群众、理解群众和尊重群众,群众是会支持、帮助我们的。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(四)主持会议的实用技巧<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">如何有效地主持好会议,是领导讲话艺术的一个重要方面,也是领导的一项基本功。为了主持好会议,领导者可灵活掌握与运用以下几个实用技巧:<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">1</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.开场白要精彩夺人<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">会议的开场白要陈述的内容,包括会议的主题、目的、意义、议程和开法,其语言要简明扼要、条理清晰,语调与表情都应与会议气氛一致。一个好的开场,有利于吸引与会者的注意力,增强他们对该会议的兴趣。所以,一般的主持人都非常注意开场。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">开场白没有固定的模式,概括讲有三种:<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)直入点题式<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">即采用简明精炼的语言,直接陈述召开本次会议的目的、议题、任务和要求。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)借题发挥式<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">即通过一个与会议主题虽然没有直接联系,但却有间接联系的话题来调动会场的情绪,使与会者亢奋起来,造成适宜会议开展的气氛。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">3</span>)启示诱导式<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">即通过启发、诱导,引导全场进入境界。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">会议的开场白没有固定的模式,关键在于主持人能否根据会议的实际,因境制宜,灵活设计。另外,主持人应当尽量来点幽默话语,给与会者带来愉悦,让与会者发出会心的微笑。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">2</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">注意控制会议进程和节奏</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">如何控制好会议的进程和节奏?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)明确会议开始和结束的时间,准时开会和散会。</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)主持人在会议期间应避免同其他与会者发生争论,</span></b><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">不能在决议形成之前发表倾向于某一方面的意见,更不要强迫他人接受自己的看法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)在组织讨论时,应规定讨论与不讨论界限,给每位与会者以平等的发言机会和权利。</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)应善于及时纠正脱离议题的发言倾向。</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)应适时终止讨论或辩论,及时确认结论形成决议。</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)多议题的会议,议题安排次序应当科学合理。</span></b><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">一般情况下,需要大家开动脑筋、集中献计献策的议题应放在会议前半部分时间进行。一项议题结束后应立即转换议题,以免延误时间或节外生枝。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)控制好会议的节奏。</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">节奏控制不好,会影响会议目的实现。节奏过慢,势必会延长会议时间,耗费更多的人力、财力;节奏过快,有可能会造成认识肤浅,对议题理解不透、决策草率,没有真正达到会议的目的。因此,会议主持人一定要重视控制好会议的节奏。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">如何控制好会议的节奏?在会前应拟订一个会议计划表,对会议中议题的难易、议程的前后安排、可能出现的问题及对策……都应做好较充分的估计。在时间的估计上,最好要有一定的弹性。在会议进行中要时刻留心会议的进程。一旦发现节奏过慢时,则应想法采取措施调动与会人员的注意力、积极性,主动提问,多加引导启迪;如果节奏过快,则可多提几个细节性的问题,在广度、深度上下功夫。时间充裕的话,可以对每个阶段的工作进行简单的小结,并适当地强调要点、难点。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> <b>3</b></font></span><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">善于</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">驾驭会议</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">善于</span><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">驾驭</span><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">会议,往往是领导者发挥才能,提高工作效能的场所。如何</span><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">驾驭</span><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">会议?<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27.95pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 0.3pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)善于打破“冷场”<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">在讨论议题过程中,常常会遇到无人发言或部分人沉默不言,使会议出现冷场。出现会议冷场或沉默,原因是多方面的。主持人应分析冷场和沉默的原团,分别采取不同的应对策略。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">如果与会者年轻、社会见识少,害怕在大众场合发表自己的见解、观点而保持沉默时,主持人应主动鼓励他们发言,可进行主动的提问,并告诉他们说错了也没有关系。而当他们发言时,主持人应表示对他们的发言很有兴趣,同时也要对他们的发言中的合理因素加以肯定。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">如果与会者与大多数人有着不同的看法,因害怕说出自己的看法后遭人嘲笑而保持沉默,主持人应主动接近,鼓励他们畅所欲言,敢于发表自己的不同看法,力求创造出宽松、自由讨论的会场气氛。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">如果与会者自视清高,不肯多言而保持沉默,主持人应多给他们一些鼓励和尊重,让他感觉到自己的意见很重要。比如你可以说:“老李,对于这个问题,你很有研究,大家都想听听你的意见,请你谈谈你的看法好吗?”这样,老李受到鼓励和尊重,就很难再去推托了。<b><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">出现冷场局面时,会议主持者可以采取指名发言的方法。例如,主持人讲完开场白,让大家发言,可是没有人发言。这时,主持人可适当指名:“老张,您对这个问题很有研究,今天一定有好主意,先讲讲吧!”“老王,您大概早就考虑好发言内容了,大家就等着听您的高见哩!怎么样?您带个头吧!”万事开头难。有人带了头,下面就会有人跟着讲。在适当的时候,主持人可以运用激将法,用反面的话“刺激”一些人,促使他及时发言。例如说:“老黄,您今天一言不发,看来是想‘金杯漱口’了!”旁边很可能有人接口:“老黄向来能说会道,今天怎么会甘拜下风呢?”这样一激,老黄还能不吐宏论吗?</span><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)机智应对发难<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">与会者发难怎么办?要分析对方意图,如果是善意的,当以赤诚相见,好言相功,因势利导,引入正题。如果是恶意的,则应针锋相对,或者顺贬——接过对方的话,顺理成章地加以贬斥;或者回敬——即“以其人之道,还治其人之身”;或者釜底抽薪——抓住对方的弱点,揭露其想要达到的目的。总之,要有理有节,争取多数,使发难者因难堪而退避。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">3</span>)及时</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">收束离题发言</span></b><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">讨论会上,有时可能出现离题现象,一些人天南海北,把话题越扯越远。此时,主持人要及时收束,使其回到本题。运用收束法时,应注意不挫伤发言者的积极性。主持人要十分自然地收束圆场。如说:“陈老师说到有些年青教师责任心不强、教学能力有待提高等的问题,确实是存在的,他的看法也很有价值,今后可专门为此开个讨论会。不过,今天的中心议题是修订本科培养方案,大家还是把话是集中到专业课程设置和安排这个问题上吧。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b style="line-height: 27.499998092651367px;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">(<span lang="EN-US">4</span>)及时制止“会中有会”<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;"></span></p>**** Hidden Message *****<p style="line-height: 26pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53; font-size: 15.833333015441895px; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 31.66666603088379px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span></p><p></p>
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