跟贾陆英学《论语》里仁篇第1章(2014年7月8日)
本帖最后由 石子云 于 2014-7-8 23:44 编辑 <br /><br /><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; ">跟贾陆英学《论语》里仁篇第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 22pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; ">章</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 22pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="6" month="7" year="2014" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">7</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">6</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">下午</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">3</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">30</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">分,《“论语”札记》作者贾陆英老师在老秘网“重温经典读书会”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">QQ</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">群</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> 49231471</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">里面,就《论语》里仁篇第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">章进行了讲解,具体内容整理如下。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; ">一、原文释义</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">原文:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">子曰:“里仁为美,择不处仁,焉得知(智)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">”</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">注释:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">里仁:里,作动词用,居住的意思,此处指人的自处。里仁就是人要居于仁道,以仁道为立身之根本。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 31.9pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">择不处(音</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial; ">chǔ</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">杵)仁:择,选择。不选择仁道而处。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">知:同智。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; "><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">译文:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孔子说:“一个人,居于仁道之中是完美的,不选择仁道而处,怎么能算是明智呢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; ">二、何谓里仁<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">问:孔子强调</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">里仁为美</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">的深刻含义是什么?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial; "></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">答:儒家非常重视人的自处问题。孔子认为,只有处于仁道的人,才是具有完美品德的人。孟子也说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁,人之安宅也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">” (</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">《孟子·离娄上》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">) </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">所谓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">里仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">” “</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">处仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,就是说人的心灵要安顿在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">这个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">宅院</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">中,人的道德学问要追求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的境界,人的言行要符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的标准。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">问:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">里仁为美</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">还有别的解读吗?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">答:还有另外一解:以里为名词,里即乡里。里仁即乡里间具有仁厚的风俗。那么这句话就是:孔子说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">乡里间具有仁厚的风俗,是一件美事。选择风俗不仁厚的地方作为住所,怎能算是明智呢?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">以上两解都通,我认为以前一解为好。把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">里仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">诠释为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">人要居于仁道之中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,在《论语》中是有充分依据的。《子罕》篇记载:子欲居九夷。或曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">陋,如之何?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">子曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">君子居之,何陋之有?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">可见,孔子并没有刻意选择居住环境的意思。相反地,他认为君子应该以化民成俗为己任,愈是鄙陋的地区,愈应该去教化当地的民众。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 24.8pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">《雍也》篇记载:子曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">贤哉,回也!一箪食,一瓢饮,在陋巷,人不堪其忧,回也不改其乐。贤哉,回也!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">颜渊穷居陋巷,孔子非但不鄙视他,而且还称赞他贤明、好学。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">由此可知,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">里仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">即是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">居仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,也就是以仁道自处,要随时随地把仁放在心中。孟子说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">君子所以异于人者,以其存心也。君子以仁存心,以礼存心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">(《孟子·离娄下》)这是对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">里仁为美</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">最好的诠释。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">《里仁》篇比较集中地记载了孔子论仁的言论。孔子提出了以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">为核心的一整套学说,我们把它称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">人学</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">。这是为什么呢?因为它是集中研究人的真情实感、日常生活、品行修养、道德教化、人与人、人与社会关系的学说。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁爱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">思想是它的核心。重人事,讲教化,是它的本质特征。据统计,在《论语》一书中,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">字出现的次数多达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">109</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">次,说明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">在孔子的思想体系中居于十分重要的地位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的概念在传统文化中很早就有,并非孔子所独创。孔子的贡献,在于从上古时期流传下来的若干道德观念中,首先突出了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">智、仁、勇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">三种品德,作为君子之道,进而又把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">提升为统领各种道德规范的总道德。这样,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">就升华为一种贯穿于其它道德规范之中的基本的情神境界。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁究竟是什么呢?孔子所论的仁是包含着许多德行的。爱人是仁;孝悌是仁;恭、宽、信、敏、惠是仁;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">己所不欲,勿施于人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是仁;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">也是仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">……</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">总之,仁是一种爱人利人,与人相亲的美德。从个人的修养,到待人处事之道,以至政治事功的表现,都是仁的作用,都属仁的范畴。由此可见,仁涵摄众德,众德都是仁的表现;它是圆满人格的体现,也是道德实践的极致。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">墨家的兼爱与儒家的仁爱有何区别?<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">墨子主张的兼爱是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">爱无差等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,他说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">视人之国若视其国,视人之家若视其家,视人之身若视其身。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">(《墨子·兼爱中》)要求人们不分亲疏,无条件地、平等地去爱所有的人。孔子主张的仁爱是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">爱有差等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,他说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁者,人也。亲亲为大。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">(《礼记·中庸》)认为爱是人内心的真实情感,人总是爱自己的亲人胜过爱其他的人。这是两者的区别之一。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">区别之二,墨子主张先从爱他人做起,然后他人也回报自己以爱。他说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">必吾先从事于爱利人之亲,然后人报我以爱利吾亲也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">(《墨子·兼爱下》)孔子主张先从爱自己的亲人做起,然后推己及人。他说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孝之放,爱天下之民</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">(《郭店楚简》),就是说对父母的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">和对兄弟的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">悌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是最真实的感情,因而是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的根本和出发点。要从爱自己的亲人开始,推广到爱天下的民众,即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">泛爱众</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,以及世间万物。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">在我们今天来看,墨家的兼爱和儒家的仁爱,就其最终的目的而言,都强调关爱他人,是殊途而同归。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">墨子的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">兼爱说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">虽然充满了博大的情怀,有我们应当吸取的精华,但是它脱离了人的情感的实际,缺乏人性的根基。战国初期,墨子的学说被称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">显学</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,叫做</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">天下之言,不归杨便归墨</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">。杨是杨朱,墨是墨子。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">兼爱说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">兴盛了一段时间,到了战国的末期,就销声匿迹,淡出了人们的视线。为什么?就是因为缺乏根基,好像</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">空中楼阁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,看起来很高远,但是你想上去,却找不到上去的路。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">而孔子的仁爱思想传承了几千年,因为他是以人类最真挚的亲亲之情为根基的,是符合人性、符合人们情感的实际的。一个人,他和自己父母、子女的情感,与其他人比起来,总是有差别的,这是客观实际,要承认这个差别。同时更要看到,孔子的仁爱思想并没有到此为止,而是把父母和子女之间的爱作为根本,从这一根本出发,再到兄弟之间的爱,朋友之间的爱,并延伸扩展到爱广大的民众,爱社会,爱国家,爱天下。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孔子认为,人的这种境界并不是与生俱来的,一个人要达到这样的要求,必须经过教化,必须修身克己。孔子说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">人之行莫大于孝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">夫孝,德之本也,教之所由生也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">(《孝经》)他把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">看作是人的最根本的品德,也是对人进行道德教化的前提和基础。儒家教育人,提高人,就是要使人首先懂得父母、子女之情是最珍贵的,要坚守孝道这个根本。同时又要实现自我超越,达到一个更高的境界,用对父母、子女的爱心去爱天下人。只有经过这样的教化,有了人文的修养,人才会从根本上脱离动物界,成为真正意义上的人,才能实现由小我到大我的超越,担当天下兴亡的责任。这就是儒家以修身为本,把修身和齐家、治国、平天下紧密地联系在一起的道理。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">破风弃俗</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">: </span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">自处如何“仁”呢?既然言之自处,那必然是对自己而言,对自己而言为何要讲“仁”呢?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">儒家讲慎独,要求君子时时处于仁道之中。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁,分不分对象啊?仁是否可以理解为给人正能量的东西?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是的,就是要关爱他人,有利于他人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">贝壳里的海滩</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁究竟是什么呢?是否指人要有包容心?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">不仅仅是包容心,还有爱人是仁;孝悌是仁;恭、宽、信、敏、惠是仁;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">己所不欲,勿施于人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是仁;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">也是仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">……</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">等等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">老猫:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">择不处仁,能不能解释为与仁者相处,“选择与正确的人在一起”?(选择与正确的人在一起</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">作者为中南大学校长张尧学,摘自他在该校</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">2014</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">年毕业典礼上的讲话)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">破风弃俗:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">老猫说的有一定道理,但是觉得还不是正解。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 39.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">择不处仁,能不能解释为与仁者相处,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">选择与正确的人在一起</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——选择居住环境,就包含这个意思。如三字经中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">夕孟母,择邻处。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">千帆过:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">和不正确的人在一起自己仍然正确,这就是仁吧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是的,这就是孔子说的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">和而不同</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,君子既要保持自己的独立人格,又要善于团结不同意见的人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">破风弃俗</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“仁”者,总体来说,是否是对他人而言?对个人而言,那可否理解为,必须要时刻以“仁”来要求自己?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">论语讲的仁的概念是抽象的,引入科学的因素,像心理学和生理学,仁可以理解为给人正面心理暗示的抽象的东西,或者利于人分泌积极生理激素的抽象的东西。仁包含很广,古人给一个概念下定义,习惯于类比的方式,只可意会不可言传。仁,分对自己和对别人,我觉得,择不处仁,可以理解为不选择仁的事、人和环境。其实也就是人往高处走,水往低处流的意思,只是我们把“走”理解为向往。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">秋刀鱼的滋味:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁者无敌。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">夕惕若</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">也就是说,仁,是一个方向,而不是一种方法?我这样理解,不知确切与否?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">: </span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">认识论的范畴。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁,是一种境界,是儒家所论各品德中最高的,涵盖其它道德的总道德,也是君子追求的方向,终身的使命。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁是一个抽象的概念,很难从字义训诂上去寻求解答。通常的解答是:仁,从人从二,是指人与人的关系。这样的解答依然是很抽象的。所以孔子论仁的方法,不是从理论出发,也不曾给仁下一个确切的定义。只是说何者是仁,何者不是仁;仁者如何,不仁者如何。因此常使我们感觉到仁好像很容易把握,却又很令人费解。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孔子是一个教师,仁的思想是在他与弟子的问答中说出的,弟子的个性不同,问题不同,所需要的指导也不同,因此,孔子往往因人、因时、因地、因事之不同而异其说。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">江洲方:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">所以解读经典常在,广博而深厚,历久弥新。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孔子肯定懂得辩证法,所以他没有给仁下确切的定义。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">千帆过:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">就像马克思主义的具体问题具体分析。怎么分析都是真理。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">破风弃俗:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孔子对“仁”的论述,其实也算是一种价值体系,针对不同的事、人,有不同的解释,不同的要求。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">小葵:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁是一种处事待人的风范吧,不选择对象、环境,仁者无论何时何地何处都可以散发的人格魅力吧!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">符合最广大人民的根本利益的事情就应该是仁了吧。我觉得,仁也要分宏观层面和微观层面吧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">江洲方:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">楼上说出了心里话,应该有大仁和小仁吧,境界不同,角度不同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">立场、角度、境界。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; ">三、如何里仁<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是君子之道的核心。孔子抓住</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">这个核心,提出了一整套关于道德教化和社会规范的思想。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的基础是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">直</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">人之生也直</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,就是说真情实感、质朴坦率是人的本性,是仁爱思想的基础。孔子赞成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">刚毅木讷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的实在人,反对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">巧言令色</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的虚伪人。繁体的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">愛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">字,中间有个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">心</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,就是强调要从内心出发,用真心去爱。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> “</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的内涵是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">爱人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">。这种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">爱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是在自己与他人的关系中体现出来的,是发自内心的真情实感。具体地说,就是要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">居处恭、执事敬、与人忠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,要能行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">恭、宽、信、敏、惠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">五者于天下。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的根本是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孝悌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁者,人也,亲亲为大</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,就是说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是人自身的品德,对父母的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">和对兄弟的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">悌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是最真实的感情,因而是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的根本和出发点。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> “</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的延伸拓展是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">爱民</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孝之放,爱天下之民</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,就是说要从爱自己的亲人开始,推广到爱天下的民众,即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">泛爱众</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">。对于尧舜那样掌握最高权力的人来说,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">修己以安百姓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">博施于民而能济众</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,是更高境界的圣德。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> “</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的原则是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">忠恕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">之道。其基本的要求是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">己所不欲,勿施于人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,更高的标准是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,具体方法是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">能近取譬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,从切近处做起,推己及人,设身处地为别人着想。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> “</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的关键是自己去做。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">我欲仁,斯仁至矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">就是说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">就在自己身边,只要真心去做,就能做到。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> “</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的规范是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">礼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">一方面,孔子强调</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">礼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的根本。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">人而不仁如礼何?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">就是说人如果失去仁爱之心,还怎么去运用礼呢?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">另一方面,孔子又强调</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">礼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的规范。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">克己复礼为仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,就是说克制自己,使自己的言行符合于礼的要求,就是仁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">既然是人与人、人与社会关系中的一种行为,那就必须有统一的社会规范、社会制度、社会秩序加以约束。一个君子,要在学礼、明礼的基础上,克制自己非礼的欲望,自觉地遵守礼。大家都这样做,天下才能归仁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> “</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的目的是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">礼之用,和为贵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,就是说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">礼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">要体现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的精神,通过调节人与人、人与社会之间的关系,达到人世间的和谐。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> “</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是君子之道的核心。孔子说,君子之道有三条:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁者不忧,知(智)者不惑,勇者不惧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁者品行高尚,悲天悯人,胸怀坦荡,内省不疚,故而无所忧虑。知(智)者勤学敏思,明道达义,故而无所迷惑。勇者见义勇为,志道直前,故而无所畏惧。在这三个条件中,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是道德核心,思想境界;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">知</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是学问和智慧,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">勇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是胆量和行为。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是体,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">知</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">勇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是用。关于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">知</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的关系,孔子说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">知及之,仁不能守之,虽得之,必失之。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">这就是说,一个人,如果只是学问和智慧达到了条件,而不能坚守仁德,即使得到了某种东西,最终也必然会失去。关于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">勇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">的关系,孔子说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">仁者必有勇,勇者不必有仁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">这就是说,仁者一定勇敢,仁者之勇是大智大勇,是一种奉献和牺牲精神。而缺乏仁的精神的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">勇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,是匹夫之勇,会干出许多伤害仁德的事,是不可取的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">康熙以仁治国,他的八阿哥以仁接人待物,处处学习康熙,却处处不像。反观雍正,能说他不仁吗,不能,铁腕治国但是实现了国家的富庶,形式上不是仁,但内容上是仁的。“里仁为美,择不处仁,焉得知(智)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">”贾老是否可以把孔子说这句话的时间,给听众说说,也就是背景。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">论语中一些话所以难理解,就是因为省去了当时的背景。那时用竹简刻字,惜字如金啊!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">夕惕若:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">里仁,就是要和仁心之人相处,那么现在求仁的同道为数太少了吧,君子言义,小人言利,与这样的仁人君子自然是相扶相长,如果没有仁的环境,依靠一个人的意志力,有些艰难啊。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">破风弃俗:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">夕惕若说的有道理啊,出淤泥而不染,生乱世而清高,难啊。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">难与不难,要看个人修养的境界,在今天,要看立场坚定不坚定,党性纯不纯。正如孔子说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">君子固穷,小人穷斯滥矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">江洲方</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">: </span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">难以为仁,呜呼哀哉。君子固穷,小人穷斯滥矣,请教贾老师作何解啊。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">:君子在穷困的环境中,依然能坚守仁道,坚守道德底线;而小人在穷困的环境中,就可能干出许多出格的、伤害人伦、违背仁德的事。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">江洲方:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">君子可以安于困厄,小人遭受困厄就会胡作非为。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">夕惕若:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">贾老,像颜子这般饭疏食……不计外物,只求心安的高尚风格,于现实社会,人人追求物质,艳羡富人、达官,鄙视贫者的现状,如何做到不动心呢?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">这正是当今社会的一个病态,一切向钱看,人们缺少了信仰,缺少了高尚的人生追求。当前,中央、习总大力倡导社会主义核心价值观,为的就是扭转这种状况。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">夕惕若:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">自古圣贤皆贫贱,何况我辈孤且直。难就难在无仁可里,一人坚守自我,很容易迷失,能在滚滚红尘中坚守,需要莫大毅力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">不一定啊。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">所以就要推崇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">圣人不弱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">啊,抱团</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">成仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">,礼达天下。小夕不孤单,百而千,千而万万千。物质是基础?个人以为,现今社会只要不懒,就能保持基本的生活品质。也就是物质基础基本可以保证。至于羡富慕官,那就是精神修养的问题了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">至于羡富慕官,那就是精神修养的问题了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.95pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——羡慕富人,羡慕好的生活条件就错了吗?共产主义不是让人民越穷越好。人向往好的生活条件和何错之有啊,只要方式正当,不损人利己就可以,不然我们都成懒汉了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.95pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">至于羡富慕官,那就是精神修养的问题了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.95pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——是。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">小葵:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">君子爱财取之有道。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">凤凰涅槃的意见豆同意,我的意思和你一般无二。以仁取,无可厚非。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">以仁取,无可厚非。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——君子爱财,取之有道。孔子不反对人们获取正当的利益,而是反对那种为富不仁,谋取不义之财的行为。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">夕惕若:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">不患寡患不均,个人认为改变这种局面的关键,在于一个均字,但不是平均主义。比如说不仁而富,众人眼里就是不羡富,而是仇富了,现在咱们国家不仁而富,富可敌国的不在少数。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">不患寡患不均,个人认为改变这种局面的关键,在于一个均字,但不是平均主义。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——是共同富裕。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 25.2pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是要扭转这种状况啊,难道就不发展经济吗?仓廪实而知荣辱。没有一定的物质基础,谈什么意识形态啊。孔子曾师从老子,他的思想肯定充满了辩证法。马哲最基本的原理,物质先于意识存在,意识对物质有能动作用,片面的,单方面的强调其中一个方面肯定是不符合辩证法和唯物论的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">没有一定的物质基础,谈什么意识形态啊。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——赞同!鲁迅有言:人必先生存,爱才有所附丽。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">物质是基础,与一切向钱看不是一个概念,要区别清楚。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">同意,一切向前看不就是只讲物质不讲意识、信仰吗?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">山水家园:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">社会体制不变革,共同富裕就只是一个理想。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">:十八大以来,改革的力度空前,有目共睹,大家都应成为正能量,为推动改革出一份力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">请不要把社会存在的所有问题都往体制上扯,这对政府不公平。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">千帆过:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">我们牺牲公平、环境和廉价劳动力,让他们先富带后富。结果他们跑了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">夕惕若:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">共同富裕,与人的天性到底符合不符合。一个人有了财富,到底愿不愿意别人跟他拥有一样多的财富。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">山水家园:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">中央提倡深化改革主流很好,但在一些政策及措施落实上不接地气,基层落实情况与中央要求的差距较大。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">那这不是体制的原因,是落实执行的问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">小葵:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">同意,确实层层落实跟不上中央的节奏。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">那这不是体制的原因,是落实执行的问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——强烈赞同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">那这不是体制的原因,是落实执行的问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——体制上也有问题,落实上也有问题。但是,我们所说的体制改革,是坚持社会主义方向道路的改革,而不是西化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">小葵:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">是啊,穷则独善其身,咱们目前只是解决温饱,谈不上富裕。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">其实我觉得坚持理论自信、制度自信、道路自信是很正确的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">其实说来说去,对我们大多数人来说,我们要解决的问题只有一个,就是如何自修自处自我完善。至于政体大环境,我们的一代代领导者还都是在往好里带。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">说得非常好。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">山水家园:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">那就讲慎独:君子戒慎乎其所不睹,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">恐惧乎其所不闻。莫见乎隐,莫显乎微,故君子慎其独也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">豆想就这个思路往下谈谈。我们可否站在现在本我的立场,想想自己的状况。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">、我的幸福观是什么?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">、我要怎样才觉得幸福和满足?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">3</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">、以仁取之,我该怎么做?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">凤凰涅</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">槃</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">我要怎样才觉得幸福和满足?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——把自己的目标定的稍高于能力所限,但经过努力可以到到,就幸福了。我们的党和政府分别经历了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">93</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">年和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">65</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">年的风雨,要相信,他们已经走向成熟了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 33.1pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">山水家园</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">@ </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">凤凰涅槃的理论基础很扎实,一说一个理。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">我的幸福观是做和平世界里自信仁爱的中国人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">千帆过:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">我的幸福观就是全世界人民都解放。我们那个时候真的是这样,你不信问贾老师。无产阶级只有解放全人类才能最后解放自己。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">我们那个时候真的是这样,你不信问贾老师。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——真的是这样,那是一个激情燃烧的时代。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; ">四、下节预告<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">原文:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">子曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">不仁者,不可以久处约,不可以长处乐。仁者安仁,知者利仁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">注释:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">约:穷困。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">安仁:安于仁道。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.35pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">利仁:认为仁有利于己才去行仁,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">有利则行,无利则止</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">译文:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孔子说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">不仁的人不能长久地处于贫困中,也不能长久地处于安乐中。仁者是安于仁道,智者则是知道仁对自己有利而去行仁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.95pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">江洲方:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">老猫临时有事,委托我感谢贾老师的经典解读,感谢贝壳里的海滩辛勤转播,呵呵,当然还有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">凤凰涅磐、夕惕若、破风弃俗、红豆醒来、秋刀鱼的滋味、向阳花</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">☼</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">阳光勾勒的微笑等大大的热烈讨论。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“里仁为美,择不处仁,焉得知(智)”古往今来,多少英雄豪杰都在仁的道路上追求仁的动力,享受仁的过程,实现仁的梦想,我想大家都有所得,即使没有风清气正的外部环境,没有良师益友,但我们都有一颗追求仁的心,坚持做一名好干部。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">今天在贾老师和老猫的组织下,讨论很热烈,很真挚,很成功,让我们再次感谢他们,感谢老秘网这个平台。别忘记每周日下午三点半,不见不散。</span></p><p></p> 老猫下半场临时有事缺席了,刚阅读大家整理的课堂笔记,还是挺热闹的嘛。感谢江洲方代作小结。 石子云整理得不错,进步不是一点点啊!重温了,记下能记住的,忘掉记不住的,留下脚印,以示来过。 湘西秘书醒来 发表于 2014-7-9 12:08石子云整理得不错,进步不是一点点啊!重温了,记下能记住的,忘掉记不住的,留下脚印,以示来过。
谢谢鼓励。我们不是一个人在整理,是《论语》讲座整理工作组,一起整理的。 《东坡易传》中记述,苏轼从启发童蒙的学习自觉着眼,曾提出“自达”、“自得”、“自胜”的观点。所论虽是启发式的教育,但通于读书之法。自达,即是启发读书的自觉要求;自得,是说读书要保持自我,多思多悟,方能有所得;自胜,则是在前二者基础上,破除蒙蔽“正心”的故我,“养正其心”,展现自觉读书的新我,达到读书圣境的历程。东坡的三“自”读书法在现今依然适用。现代社会变化速度太快,惟有阅读,方是让我们得以自立并不断成长的源头活水。 看罢讲座,再看讨论,自己差的可不是一星半点 谢谢贾老指点,半部论语治天下。 半部论语冶天下,不是平空而来的呀,谢谢老师们的教导。 真的找到自己想看的东西了,问一下这个视频还能看吗
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