跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第19章 2014年3月25日
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体; ">跟<st1:personname productid="贾陆英" w:st="on">贾陆英</st1:personname>老师学《论语》为政篇第<span lang="EN-US">19</span>章<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">（<span lang="EN-US">2014</span>年<span lang="EN-US">3</span>月<span lang="EN-US">25</span>日<span lang="EN-US">,ysh</span>整理）<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="25" month="3" year="2014" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">3</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">月<span lang="EN-US">25</span>日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">下午<span lang="EN-US">3:30</span>分，《“论语”札记》作者贾陆英老师在老秘网“重温经典读书会”<span lang="EN-US">QQ</span>群<span lang="EN-US">14260122</span>里面，就《论语》为政篇“何为则民服<span lang="EN-US">?</span>”进行了讲解、探讨和互动<span lang="EN-US">,</span>现将讲座内容整理如下。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">贾陆英：</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">各位网友大家好。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">19</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">章：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">哀公问曰：“何为则民服<span lang="EN-US">?</span>”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">孔子对曰：“举直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">哀公：<st1:personname productid="鲁国国" w:st="on">鲁国国</st1:personname>君。姓姬，名蒋，哀是谥号。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">对曰：《论语》记载对<st1:personname productid="国" w:st="on">国</st1:personname>君及在上位者问话的回答都用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">对曰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">，以表示尊敬。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">错诸枉：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">错</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">：放置。诸，相当于“之于”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">枉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">：弯曲，引申为不合正道。指提拔正直的人，把他安排在不正派的人之上。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">鲁哀公问道：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">怎样做才能使民众服从呢？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">孔子回答说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">把正直的人提拔起来，放在不正派的人之上，民众就心服；如果把不正派的人提拔起来，放在正直的人之上，民众就不会心服。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">本章孔子谈治国理念，强调举贤才的重要性。请大家发表意见。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">右岸：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">子曰：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">《论语·子路》意思：孔子说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">。这是说：当管理者自身端正，作出表率时，不用下命令，被管理者也就会跟着行动起来；相反，如果管理者自身不端正，而要求被管理者端正，那么，纵然三令五申，被管理者也不会服从的。结合贾老举的直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服，异曲同工之妙耳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">贾陆英：问：孔子答鲁哀公问政体现了他怎样的治国理念？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">答：鲁哀公所问是怎样使民众服从，孔子所答是民众怎样才会心服。举直错诸枉，就是举贤才。为政之要，在于用人。为政者用什么样的人，不用什么样的人，直接反映他的人品，也是关乎民心向背的重大问题。要求为政者举直错诸枉、举贤才，体现了孔子重视为政者自身道德，正人先正己，“子率以正，孰敢不正</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">”(</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">《论语·颜渊》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">)</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">的思想，是孔子德治思想的一个重要内容。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">举贤才的思想，比之于当时宗法制度下不问德行和才能、任人唯亲的做法来说，是一个进步。尽管孔子所说的“选于众”“举贤才”还不是民主选举，他所主张的“贤才”的具体标准会随着时代的变化而改变，但是，他提出的“任人唯贤”的选用人才原则，却具有超越时空的价值，已成为当今时代中国共产党干部路线的重要原则。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">右岸：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">德行胜过才品。比如践行群众路线活动，领导自己真正的沉下身子到基层深入群众走访疾苦，比写一万篇调研报告来得更加实际。要知道水能载舟，亦能覆舟。没有雷锋同志为人民服务的精神，没有焦裕禄同志为民请愿的责任心，很难服众。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">葵花：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">夫子意在以领导的人格魅力使民众心服，而不是表面服从。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">孤山：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">夫子意在以领导的人格魅力使民众心服，而不是表面服从。这应该属于仁政，现在提倡法治。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">贾陆英：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">@</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">右岸：德行胜过才品。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">德才兼备，以德为先。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">@</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">葵花：夫子意在以领导的人格魅力使民众心服，而不是表面服从。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">赞同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">@</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">孤山：夫子意在以领导的人格魅力使民众心服，而不是表面服从。这应该属于仁政，现在提倡法治。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">——现在不但提倡法治，而且提倡德治，是依法治国和以德治国相结合。德治也是仁政。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">习近平指出，用一贤人则群贤毕至，见贤思齐就蔚然成风。选什么人就是风向标，就有什么样的干部作风，乃至就有什么样的党风。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">右岸：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">对，任用贪官的结果就是贪腐成风，举荐贤人的作用就是清风气顺。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">孤山：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">我们现在的用人标准是什么？特别是上层领导，核心层领导。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">琢璞居主人：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">我觉得在现代政体之中，道德是靠不住的。相当一部分贪官也是由贤人变化而来的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">右岸：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">如果道德靠不住，法治就更靠不住了。很多问题，都是只<st1:personname productid="能约束" w:st="on">能约束</st1:personname>君子，难以惩治小人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">琢璞居主人：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">如果这么说的话，那法制也就不需要了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">右岸：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">中国的法律尚有很多漏洞，全部依靠法治，而自身没有一个正确的道德观，权力观和人生观，很难不出问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">琢璞居主人：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">中国历史五千年，贤人政治二十五代，难道还没有建立起正确的道德观？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">贾陆英：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">@</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">零：法治是底线，道德在自我，法治永远比所谓的道德靠谱。——这样认识是片面的。法治和德治如同车之两轮、鸟之双翼，对调整社会关系、维护社会秩序发挥着重要作用，是治理国家的两种根本手段。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">习近平指出，把好干部选用起来，需要科学有效的选人用人机制。要紧密结合干部工作实际，认真总结，深入研究，不断改进，努力形成系统完备、科学规范、有效管用、简便易行的制度机制。要特别注意研究新情况新问题。要把加强党的领导和充分发扬民主结合起来，发挥党组织在干部选拔任用工作中的领导和把关作用。要完善工作机制，推进干部工作公开，坚决制止简单以票取人的做法，确保民主推荐、民主测评风清气正。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">孤山：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">贤与不贤，标准是什么？执政者，既要用</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">和珅这样的人，也要用刘墉这样的人，关键用人当用长，这就是贤。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">贾陆英：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">@</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">孤山：贤与不贤，标准是什么？</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">——习近平指出，我们党历来高度重视选贤任能，始终把选人用人作为关系党和人民事业的关键性、根本性问题来抓。好干部要做到信念坚定、为民服务、勤政务实、敢于担当、清正廉洁。党的干部必须坚定共产主义远大理想、真诚信仰马克思主义、矢志不渝为中国特色社会主义而奋斗，全心全意为人民服务，求真务实、真抓实干，坚持原则、认真负责，敬畏权力、慎用权力，保持拒腐蚀、永不沾的政治本色，创造出经得起实践、人民、历史检验的实绩。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">右岸：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">如果大家对一件事的评价标准，是非曲直没有一个道德上的预判，不知道这件事是对的还是错的，是不是违法的人就会增加，如果自身没有正义感，靠法治治得过来吗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">零：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">什么叫正义？正义标准谁来定？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">琢璞居主人：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">没有道德的标准——不知道对错——违法增加。个人觉得法律就是人类利益的最大公约数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">bigdal</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">·<span lang="EN-US">ng</span>：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">法制社会就是防止社会人治。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">右岸：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">问题是中国目前法制尚不完善。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">贾陆英：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">@</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">孤山：执政者，既要用和珅这样的人，也要用刘墉这样的人，关键用人当用长，这就是贤。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">——不能同意这种说法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">琢璞居主：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">法制不完善靠德治就靠得住。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">零：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">道德应以法律唯基石。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">葵花：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">法律与道德都是约束人行为的，公民既要守法也要修德。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">孤山：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">和</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; ">珅</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">本来就是人才，我们应该反思为什么他最终变成巨贪，这是社会制度造成的</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">贾陆英：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">@</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">孤山：和珅是有才无德，故而在权力膨胀后成为巨贪。其个人的因素是主要的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">当今时代的一些贪官也说是制度造成的，但任何借口都不能成为他推脱责任的理由。我们的制度确有漏洞，使贪官有空可钻，完善制度是党和政府的事，以此为借口为贪腐行为辩解，任何时候都站不住脚。<br><p></p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimSun; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">问：孔子答鲁哀公问政体现了他怎样的治国理念？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">不要把法制和德治割裂开来，对立起来，也不要片面地讲什么法治好还是德治好。——必须全面正确地认识和把握法治与德治的关系。改革开放初期，鉴于“文化大革命”的沉痛教训，我们对法治的重要性看得比较清楚，不断加强法制建设，在改变“人治”状态方面，取得了历史性进步和举世公认的成绩。但是对德治的重要性却认识不够，甚至忽视了德治的作用，致使一些精神失落、信仰危机、道德滑坡、行为失范以至社会生活各种领域中的违法犯罪现象，没有得到有效解决，法治也没能收到预期的效果。这使我们认识到，法律是外在的“他律”，道德则是内在的“自律”；法律重在惩罚已经违法犯罪的人，道德则重在教育尚未违法犯罪的人，提高他们的素质，使他们不去犯罪；法律的规则是有限的，不可能囊括社会生活的各个方面，社会生活中相当多的问题需要通过道德教育来解决。从一定意义上来说，刑罚是治标的，而道德建设才是治本的。在抑制犯罪方面，法律能惩“贪”，道德能养“廉”。因此，只有大力加强法制建设，依法治国，依法行政，才能切实保障人民的民主权利，维护社会公平正义；只有大力加强道德建设，才能提高人的思想道德素质，使法制建设得到有力保证，从根本上维护社会稳定。在建设中国特色社会主义的过程中，我们不仅需要法治，而且也需要德治，“法治”与“德治”、“依法治国”与“以德治国”、“法制建设”与“道德建设”紧密结合，相辅相成，应当成为我们治国的一个基本方略，忽视其中的任何一个方面，都不可能达到使国家长治久安的目的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">不知者乏味：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">只有大力加强法制建设，依法治国，依法行政，才能切实保障人民的民主权利，维护社会公平正义；只有大力加强道德建设，才能提高人的思想道德素质，使法制建设得到有力保证，从根本上维护社会稳定。在建设中国特色社会主义的过程中，我们不仅需要法治，而且也需要德治，“法治”与“德治”、“依法治国”与“以德治国”、“法制建设”与“道德建设”紧密结合，相辅相成。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">——非常同意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">法制可以维护我们最基本的利益，道德层面没有明确的约束，若是我们自己的权利受到了侵犯，我们只有拿起法律的武器捍卫自己的权利，道德不能捍卫。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">零：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">中国有着漫长的封建历史，统治者喊的都是礼教德治，却缺乏法治传统，故而要向现代文明大步迈进，法治应首倡。习大大也是把依法治国作为治国理政的重要思想来多次阐述过。一个社会可以没有道德，但是不能没有法治，没了法治就要崩溃。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">阿闯：</span></b><st1:personname productid="贾" w:st="on"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">贾</span></st1:personname><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">老师关于法制与德治的论述非常精辟。贾老说了法制是外在的他律，道德是内在的自律。文化大革命割裂道德体系，德治丧失基础。所以才有依法治国。但是，法制和德治的关系有点类似经济基础和上层建筑，法制是经济建设的基础，经济建设到一定程度，才能谈德治。谈内在的自律，按照人性本身来讲，先由外律，才有自律。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">葵花：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">法治与德治相辅相成，二者缺一不可。贾老说了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">法律重在惩罚已经违法犯罪的人，道德则重在教育尚未违法犯罪的人，提高他们的素质，使他们不去犯罪；法律的规则是有限的，不可能囊括社会生活的各个方面，社会生活中相当多的问题需要通过道德教育来解决。从一定意义上来说，刑罚是治标的，而道德建设才是治本的。在抑制犯罪方面，法律能惩“贪”，道德能养“廉”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">半壶老酒：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">内外兼修是必然的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">琢璞居主人：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">每个人心中都有一颗贪婪的种子，法制是确保他不发芽，发芽之后对社会的危害降到最低。而且，贪欲好不好也是夜歌值得讨论的问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">阿闯：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">我们现在不少落马的官员们，都曾经是有才有德之人，但缺乏法律约束，或者法律在他们面前失效，所以逐渐丧失道德。没有法制的基础，何谈德治？在一个重视法制和重视规则的环境下，人们的道德约束力会变强。或者说，法制是道德的最后边界。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">雨嘉：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">法治是德治的基础，通过法治及相关制度的落实，可以引导、培养人们的品德。时间长了，好的制度可以使大多数人有好的品德。单纯的让一个人自省提高品德，基本不可能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">贾陆英：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">@</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">零</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">一个社会可以没有道德，但是不能没有法治，没了法治就要崩溃——社会没有</span></p>**** Hidden Message *****<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">从“法制建设”的实践来看，法律的创制和运作必须以正确的思想道德观念为指导，立法要注意法律的道义基础，根据客观实际，把一些最重要、最基本的道德要求，直接纳入法律的规范中。法律的主要功能在于“惩恶”，因而在“劝善”方面有着自身先天的欠缺与不足，需要道德来加以支持。从“道德建设”的实践来看，道德的主要功能在于“扬善”。道德作为一种规范，主要是依靠社会舆论、风俗习惯和人们的内心信念，依靠个人的自律来推动的。道德的特点在于自觉，但事实上道德自觉决不是一开始就有的。在改革开放和社会主义市场经济环境下，在巨大的利益驱动面前，单纯的道德说教有时会显得苍白无力。良好道德品质的养成，良好社会风气的形成，一开始往往也要借助于法律、经济、行政等手段，因而“德治”也离不开“法治”的支持与配合。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 27pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: KaiTi_GB2312; ">右岸：</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">我觉得品德好的人可以带动周围的人，大家都向好的方向发展，这时就是正能量；品行不好的人也可以影响周围的人，让大家都向不好的方向发展，这时就是负能量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: SimHei; ">贾陆英：</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">法律所维护的是最基本、也是最低限度的社会道德，道德建设则要把遵纪守法作为公民最基本的道德要求提出来。对于那些在社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德等方面严重违反道德的行为和现象，客观上也必然要求运用法律来加以制裁，在立法时予以适当规范。这样，才能使法治和德治相互渗透、相辅相成，更加紧密地结合在一起。针对一个时期以来“醉酒驾驶”给群众生命安全带来的严重威胁和伤害，人大修法使“醉驾入刑”，这是运用法律手段解决严重违背社会公德问题的一个范例。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">今天大家围绕治国理念、举贤才、选用人才制度、法治与德治谈了许多看法，也有不少不同意见，这是正常的。我想，还是要以传统经典为依据，以党在这些方面的基本主张为依据，去加强学习，扩大共识，统一思想。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">下一节课：季康子问：“使民敬忠以劝，如之何</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">子曰：“临之以庄，则敬；孝慈，则忠；举善而教不能，则劝。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">季康子：鲁国大夫，姓季孙，名肥。康是谥号。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">以：连词，同而。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">劝：勉励。这里是自勉努力的意思。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">孝慈：指当政者自己实行孝慈。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">季康子问：“要使百姓对当政的人尊敬、忠心，又能加倍努力，该怎样去做呢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; ">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">孔子说：“你用庄严的态度对待百姓，他们就会尊敬你；你对父母孝，对子弟慈，百姓就会忠于你；你提拔善人，又教育能力差的人，百姓就会互相勉励，加倍努力了。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 27pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: FangSong_GB2312; ">各位再见。</span></p><p></p> 部分“抬扛”、诡辩言论予以删除。老猫还是希望大家多多传播正能量，客观公正全面地看待问题，心平气和地交流讨论。鼓励有不同意见，但读书会不是辩论赛，一味地钻牛角尖、唱反调，于人于已都是无益的。 这次讨论太激烈了，讲课时本就该尊重授课者的思路。有自己的见解本是件好事，但是也不该驳斥别人的看法。 学习的前提应该是尊师，这是最起码的要求，其他的就不说了…… 灌水为看回复灌水为看回复:lol 课堂笔记整理的不错。石子云网友辛苦了。 贾陆英 发表于 2014-3-27 09:25课堂笔记整理的不错。石子云网友辛苦了。
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