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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, . o. v2 q; t$ b B9 S7 u+ @$ Q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, % v( \6 [( D: p' c* Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* d1 J: C& |4 w. W' J
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, 9 j$ @# ^+ P$ c* B7 R' O宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,& [( A0 P {* O' ]6 gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& f& S8 e* M) |) a; ]"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 8 V5 x7 _/ z- K* N( A/ v& p7 n宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, / ?! L4 t8 g5 h; G5 f
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* u3 X$ @0 Z8 J* x& b- `"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,2 c2 p0 w; w9 z. B9 P- z0 _
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, ; \# F7 c# D9 ~/ p7 Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, ) j6 `; n! {2 `( s
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ v8 J! ]* w6 g" L4 S* E1 n"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 6 J& }* L8 N# B, m- N4 z1 ~mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 3 B) f" ?3 {5 p: d0 H0 s宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 8 F' O; ?* o+ i* m+ P
" e! f, z& U/ X# t& O3 ]! u ) x* S. E8 O9 F2 H0 P6 H
- D! v- h* ?/ r6 m" }" v1 V" s- C, s+ o& X- B5 J( ]' J宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,
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) Q4 C0 e0 ~: c) {"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, . v& F6 Q9 O+ J% H2 o9 x
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 6 Z. k" T( A9 N
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” 1 N# j8 b$ B1 `% F, M2 ]4 v/ j5 S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ ) F6 C2 U, L* ? t' D- e+ B
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 4 _' _' @# ~: {+ B0 I* r" I
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 9 Y2 Z) P+ k- o& z- m0 }7 a7 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 | |0 N7 Y8 q1 z"Times New Roman"">前者为因, ( B7 Y0 T# o4 i4 V8 Q4 Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, - p, u7 u4 i+ {! R1 ?9 b
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ x& V% l% r' `; `"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, $ R/ N+ r, B" o/ H }0 z% u宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, 3 j; W3 q2 e/ W9 X; s- I# H0 W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; q2 l% c9 n/ L$ J( V3 `: X
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, % W0 I, B6 h6 U9 @% k" p宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: " c$ d# h9 k/ x! g% Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( H: p. g4 ]/ ^& d, v& q, M"Times New Roman"">“ 9 e8 w7 o2 P2 t, Y
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 7 U2 o; Y- \) D4 V) W
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” 6 u6 |2 U5 A1 x5 W& x. f+ Y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 7 I* i5 _0 S/ x( W5 q3 ~% Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 A0 z2 `" ]$ F) j, y0 U0 v( V( A"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:/ B& i- o2 d# w- D6 ]
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 & ?" [. h( ]7 ^) {7 i0 ]3 N; k$ k
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, . m( y& Y8 i8 X+ y' j( ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
% W3 q! N" e1 t$ ~# J/ P: {8 A"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 0 A: ?0 w3 y; d( I) y$ ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ W5 B" L% G' ~; Q' A @4 T9 ?"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 9 _& i2 n1 v" b3 I7 A) @
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 4 U1 U4 Q, _$ A0 |! p6 u+ b
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里8 {3 z$ Z1 H, }
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 ! t1 L2 k! o7 m* K- b/ R
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(- a# \$ [! H' C" K( t& c
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), ; e# k0 ]; }( j* ]& ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% j! Q, E1 H2 p
"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用6 D% C" F8 i3 A2 ?0 Y* {9 T12.0pt">, ) q ^& c5 r0 o) s2 g"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, 4 i1 V5 ?" n, s3 w; O3 c& | p
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' ]1 h4 E7 Q3 q4 q6 G3 m$ r! a2 w- }"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 5 O- H0 w3 W; u2 t* h: r9 _+ @- e a' kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!# i6 |. m. N3 z+ f
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 2 ~; k% E5 _2 }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# {. E/ N" ~2 Q6 l- K
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: " k8 l. d( E# d- I& `8 Q1 |
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, : w) r& f+ ?& I/ ~+ v2 W. n宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, {/ D% Q& z; u$ j( ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 A5 R5 R6 y) a! u, K3 B7 Q* K. [) T"Times New Roman"">“ 2 W" `1 d! T+ a U/ W
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”0 N8 R/ t0 u w9 R: \
12.0pt"> - M5 ~' H! i- F0 b) C4 Y9 q"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。 : s0 t% P7 ?+ F/ H8 b6 z
" j+ y$ \0 y& C: b# u6 H 6 O7 D# }& g6 U4 V J8 m& Y
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, % t. t; V5 ^2 l
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 6 G i) ]+ h1 c% U: i# }3 { `
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# d4 G0 ?0 X3 y+ V"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, ' n+ z. v8 H. D! j( hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, ; |* t0 g* c- |8 K- }+ L Y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, ) C, e& w8 x5 F5 [1 j i( l
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 O4 k5 r8 V0 C* o0 Y
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ , n' \4 h7 e: B6 I" |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 3 n/ E1 h" K4 X
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。 ' c# V2 q9 H' G+ ~; P3 g* V2 w$ k/ l) I
3 ]. z8 d5 n: t1 R7 u3 P
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4 X6 p! v) l9 [) ~+ Q0 B' m0 g; A5 c; a8 \9 q C. ]# E5 x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
5 u; H w- R, I7 |"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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$ h- y, ~' Z% l D. F Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, * U8 X# L% L: z6 Z
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, - t1 K a4 E: }& I' s
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 L! r7 ?) V* @% X7 d+ M u* y
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,1 I7 O/ L3 j4 t
( P; T/ t: \8 t4 f9 qmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, / x# s. b7 E' x: C6 w$ R' r& _
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 T, t2 o- w2 Z
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,. S. M5 P( B$ E- T. e: K. \
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, * k6 d; K2 n! L+ |; _0 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' b7 X! M" Y* V$ u' w! c( B
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题' U- h& f: h/ [8 R: E( V7 m/ B12.0pt">: / D1 K8 n2 \# z
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: 9 l7 Q; d9 Y8 Q9 R0 [0 S6 } B
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: r+ q ~, m" h/ x
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才" T+ V. e* G, r9 U0 M+ o3 W12.0pt">, + V% D W, ?0 f% X8 r2 \
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, 4 T4 i z9 {4 D
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 L3 a( p; ]. X$ {"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 7 c- W0 T# v& n9 v- O6 @! F' Emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, , j0 S! i. o# f: G% p7 R' e
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, # ~9 u4 e( Y3 d8 C1 i$ H$ u1 b Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:! r' f' `7 @* U9 |8 ^& ^
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题8 |# }1 m! ~; q4 x/ B, d7 Q7 e12.0pt">; 3 p$ A2 C- ]; o) S
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, . \/ Z& P& K ~; n/ Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; |: M8 S7 O& w _, \5 P"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求5 p' e4 o, p4 w$ X* H( Z( k
12.0pt">: # L3 \5 V" f! e/ A/ ]"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; " S2 |# M; ^% \ |* ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( G) Z' c* {- ^! g9 Z' C) k"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 4 {& K3 [' s% m6 F. }! ^, C$ U
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, * J# E$ Y/ ^. d; U5 N3 b! h) ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( V q7 i% F* |/ o6 M* e/ T9 A, k
"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统4 M! S3 @# M, [1 x6 v, c
12.0pt">:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ ) G1 _; n1 g3 X: b! Y5 q; h: {宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” ! W; c: [! i( J宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
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5 t" N) R7 q1 U+ w: b; O' u8 m1 R0 [2 H8 I# r* X J) I9 ]mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> 0 f) F7 z. W4 y# {# P# M9 V宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
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2 _' {* G5 w5 g" l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
/ j$ }% o9 K! n. Q# L+ n! M& I7 `* p8 ^+ m# jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:4 O, p9 g% |9 q4 t( L1 R& F
"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构 8 n* S0 ?3 H6 O5 X
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2 q9 S% Z3 s* J4 z; w' J/ ~7 q4 e- P3 f( ?2 X Q; l, V7 E2 x
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, 4 l# l- ]) l8 @$ Q+ q( v8 B2 w# o9 X. m) Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ D% f. f3 ~& C/ U% J
"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, % z' }8 q: d* a$ @4 \4 f G* u% h9 y+ j% o宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, + P; I' i7 k9 ^6 h8 w' P
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# J: j6 }6 e+ G# o4 q, L* S"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
& i, \6 |& j3 ?- V5 T# q8 e) E) I5 L$ X( d; u- c7 s& Umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, $ b/ f+ T( ?. e. H$ D4 {# K) i3 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 ]$ ^% S: \) @/ }, [) p( }, a"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, " f4 L. \4 r2 jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 5 I! \) \. d7 Y8 [+ N c$ E& ?
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: ( o$ w7 I+ s+ ^* |/ S I0 f3 Q) S
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# L+ x* O, t; X* U"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, R; S4 F+ h0 |5 U2 I1 L
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 3 x; {; g& w; w9 k# @
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"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, ( w( f3 y6 p% }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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, k- c* i; F) \* H) t, s8 O+ j
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0 J" w+ x! [0 [/ A5 N$ s7 X. q) ^mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,) q7 G( ^* J8 Q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' M9 T' g4 ?* m9 v3 e2 U H0 U4 E"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定/ S8 _* Q' ?/ }5 }. T9 B6 I9 Z4 u/ v. K12.0pt">, $ L" T7 G) N: K# K1 y"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, # ?7 T, o$ C5 i3 W: d" {. s
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 n- o; U+ t0 L" t6 H"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:) c8 f' I+ r* B Z4 H
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, + Z" b' [" `# u' P' k& Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 7 i8 O/ B) |, ^) Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 U) T; y0 |) D
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, + \- q8 ^9 b. a& Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 9 `! G- P! z2 e+ d8 w$ ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ l4 \( T6 f$ x# w, n! L" g"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: . e7 Y8 k0 x, i" ]0 j; @, y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 6 L( W5 J3 @8 C' e# F宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, r# ?. c% S2 W% V$ b* a2 Z+ z0 R- rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ K1 T& H1 i' B. @6 W1 d( E/ T; @
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
