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4 Y) a5 p% ^& _2 b/ yTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网8 z" Z0 d, F4 T+ P- p: Emso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ; S/ Z5 j, H2 `! e
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* y; s$ {! F, I5 i4 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。1 V3 C r$ B0 ]: bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 s; O% V- `* i) \, r/ Y5 z' J
mso-font-kerning:0pt">5 K! n, ~% b: q! c# ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' t+ ^8 R$ @& q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：; Q' y6 q1 v3 J4 `0 Y' {/ ^, U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。) K8 S8 D2 m. e6 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ Q3 j. r! j( i9 J' ^- Hmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& O2 E# D, z! h) y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：( a1 b* T- [& Y* M2 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ |! A" j5 I# i) H/ T
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% M( y5 |4 n4 O- y, `- h, a( V% Imso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。, o7 w* l p0 D& S8 }5 A5 x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？) o2 R q2 O- A( b4 l3 N
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& H3 M( m# o- @2 g" i/ c& i7 b0 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：5 U4 u7 [- R: w& J- s0 K5 w3 L
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5 m1 c4 d" M7 O& s. t+ zmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ d5 X3 L) @6 Z0 t/ o9 T
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* K, X5 |* A7 q7 Y" Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。# ~, r$ V% x- U+ g; x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：; ?5 g0 i- @: | D. ?( H# Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。; ^: h% t1 r; {* S4 f10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: |$ h H* V1 `1 G. h/ F0 @) X6 ]7 s3 H
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
3 @" O4 [* l( o& m( B) }8 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：+ d- x, b* t& S3 L
0pt">"4 [ o8 |8 I! p" Z" n6 T1 tmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
. e3 O! T! H0 C3 ?' d, t- F& TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。. g4 }$ F/ a. A' ]# G
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{) N" _- @1 {2 e$ J: E% tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：$ f7 Y0 u+ z0 G4 _! X6 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 c. z, H% F0 H# x- `! L( z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢6 p: J6 g" `) J% b* r5 C9 b2 r* vmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 8 H9 J- P: e6 C6 z, Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 [4 e9 ^7 P# R' }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：3 P+ O. t7 [( ]2 ?& I9 @& _! lmso-font-kerning:0pt">"! b# O: Z; h6 ], A
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t. B/ R9 F9 [+ fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。, m/ k6 r8 g* _$ ^& D
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7 R1 M2 D/ H) {( Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是/ v. U5 r1 b. e! a& _10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 }1 ^( R z6 }1 A/ X2 s
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, D. P2 ?& ~- {" g9 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违6 L% \ N1 Y v0 E
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$ }2 T" S3 F: Emso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得" K- a4 |) {4 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% A, }. n7 p9 v
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2 C6 ^/ o+ B6 ]7 N9 I5 b4 K: B$ t' }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲# N1 c0 A R& s$ g( o' r* Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“, T- c& {3 R# b3 k" F wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 F# @- @4 l8 Z/ |& R$ cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违: Q* }; B2 O* H" _4 z
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9 B6 k2 `$ J9 U" M) |2 C; W+ h F# U$ Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，* A2 z0 ?# `' ?) p- s; R
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% S5 ~: A9 W# u/ v6 ]4 q& Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! \' } S. d) z2 m9 l
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5 } S; P3 N9 a. q" v6 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。& F) D, E$ u$ i: \, @
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0 n# G+ p& ^2 h' h! qmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。3 a3 M' N' K- I! S, v9 X/ {0 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, x. L/ q8 c: l* j0 v* VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义# V2 x7 j# H# M2 X0 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！* X: Q) Z" h2 D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。 O3 N) u7 ~9 e. K# Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 k; j% e5 i* j. x% p, lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述0 v3 ?4 I, @! [
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- k/ W3 b. e! @ j9 m5 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊7 f/ s, J4 q% {) p; @1 `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。% X( C* ]+ k7 m! a! |
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。- p- y# ~& D4 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ E8 U- g/ O' E( }2 p0 r9 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: l. _& N) K' Z- }7 |$ A7 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：6 i: c% v7 I7 t+ y
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3 ]1 A" e- m, Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。" Q9 V5 M3 G. \( Y. K. N: Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 m0 z5 m, l% C& d8 S
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! X }8 t% m. N) M" g; K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个, G0 q: _# T! @/ p3 U3 n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为7 g) M' M$ A& K4 Q! C; p- S k! imso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 d. [4 D$ Z6 B# O+ dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 ?. M. ]5 W' N$ h& P6 k+ g4 d4 k
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8 P) T, c: D/ j) X8 ^% gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。' \( Z5 ^8 K4 x4 s& Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的4 v [8 Z0 l) Y3 d- O
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8 t- X) \8 c' N" z7 v5 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思% s: Z7 k( N3 H) A& a. n2 E; ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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