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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网1 K- [" R8 k; {7 ]/ O, vmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ# L% b) I0 t% F4 }0 t* B$ P
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9 k6 { K+ }) W4 A3 O5 s! Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。8 n& s( x% D: W7 f3 O" |; F; nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第, T8 o0 q! S1 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">57 T# e* o! c5 w4 c$ [" Q
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! \2 V' ]3 `8 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：9 n3 x0 `4 a: `- x0 j
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9 B7 J h1 m- o2 j* @1 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。 N' g3 i* m! l! z4 \: {3 w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：7 v. q9 y' \1 ?0 d6 J( l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。/ t! Y! H9 C' O! {, B% s1 Y
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- O0 C$ j* U y' n V: U" z7 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：, s I4 U* i! N c/ \0 S- _3 c
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？( D8 _2 j& L( ^- E+ g
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：5 i$ I6 |0 `. X5 Y5 y7 [- o" K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) D- y8 K+ L" O7 j$ y4 Y9 v; z7 e
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。1 i# e3 j( W+ D* ]( ], X4 d
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( [0 X! L: p8 E6 P$ Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：& G5 R4 s5 U) u* R$ v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。1 [! R) U( i; {+ {: z, R10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 f0 y4 a: M0 {+ ~mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
+ \, R* F: o" N* }" Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：, E" z: W/ j$ f! _ W8 h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。8 l7 C8 `' g0 G/ @+ B6 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"! o# b0 l1 V# f0 k6 Y' t. J0 I, S7 ^
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7 z: T6 g1 _* Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：, n- o {$ B X# P( t+ U! j. Z& \
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! {+ l p* O% Z: l* lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢8 I, W/ Z5 D, k+ O( R7 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ' U2 H5 _* Z6 E! ^3 j4 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 k% [9 F' [4 T. x3 L
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：2 A5 i/ L, V h0 j1 \; _4 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">"; W2 d# F2 C' C2 |9 I& \: O" Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: M- A. h& r" s7 W2 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。+ ]) `7 Q4 V8 ~5 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是- `1 I. c: P* b* m. P6 I5 [10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 J! p1 r- P1 E% k2 f: C
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' I3 X* z# [- v y; A+ c! O9 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违$ x4 g5 w/ Z# g( j, h, _7 O0 N10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 X* K# K4 o, p9 n2 N
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& N7 T2 w. u5 T9 q" _6 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得8 @. ^* y0 [# J ]8 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% y. G$ M0 c* e l" y7 y L" jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 v k/ Z- P/ x8 x! Q) tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违/ M! _# j M& D. ~' r* omso-font-kerning:0pt">”, }% u& f+ t% q$ j5 |' Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 H9 S. d8 _0 f4 {5 X& h# V2 O# `, q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲3 ]% K# h4 K" Q' a
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$ X) j5 C0 v: ~0 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，& x! e' n* w9 C+ j% x/ o& i& C" p+ v- Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 ]1 a) Z3 W( U1 `. [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: V. |- A; z4 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。5 N) m" x: x& m0 Z
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5 _: R- t7 I7 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。! ]- e3 V" o) m' m$ J" G
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8 v4 V v% u# ~% Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？6 [% `5 C, G0 H10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。. f% P3 J" B: C! u, x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义+ h3 P- J. g* Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ {0 D) w- l' h' i3 \1 y9 WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！! j i# G2 s- w( |
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9 W/ a( i* ` ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。- ^+ K; S# J% }, v
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$ i' f+ U" v$ @. w/ G0 o0 sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述' x8 t7 t3 ^# p9 D8 ?' h
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& Z" k1 ?# M4 f) h8 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊4 g8 u* H. _( r7 F( z6 P
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2 e4 R# d0 T7 a" ]. b# I: }Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乃群：0 U- |& [+ Z9 R5 Y) v; s+ |, R0pt">
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8 \5 n4 E" t G) }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。* |% b0 q2 d: c" D! x
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。( z5 i' N4 y7 ^. h7 G' Z$ n3 a g! Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">——* t* e8 e; ?, p: u; N6 m% Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 r. D. J1 G, C, l" Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。; w# ^& ^& J: b+ a# g0 d; L0 Q% B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：: p, @* T2 C6 }: d1 W+ \1 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! b! r& n& r7 q2 e0 l, M
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; T4 k" @+ x& h0 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。 l- W3 r3 h( w: J$ z" Q4 j4 J
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7 o, _+ Y% z& V2 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个( g0 x( e0 y) z7 _! r, bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% R. z8 b# ]+ ]! o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为% w% x! y, s' L" z$ T2 u. b: p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道8 }& F% r: c5 S7 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。5 t& I" P$ B0 s' ^. C9 p
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# v' L& D- B0 B; r! ^0 O: B; P% gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的8 H: q2 s6 K+ ^# D# @1 ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思* S, L" M; r$ p$ xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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