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" H3 G0 ~% H5 }. UTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网: P8 \) p( U. j( J
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. e; ?3 m/ h0 X$ O) qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。- S* v- w" j* W4 H- }
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9 g* z, n/ H/ K1 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( G# ~8 f- n' t7 Z0 G& \
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8 ?8 ?" V* O$ Y" C; Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：; u. Y0 `. R$ j* k1 ]
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* G5 f( c5 }% V X- c/ Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：. v( C% k; B; u9 A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。% d5 U5 w. g% J" C! c' n1 T8 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”' q& b9 F8 y% u# i: pmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
6 l" u2 C$ |5 [" F* rmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：4 w9 Y% @$ W( H- B: O0 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 r' \+ r# ?0 O# R! j5 R% c
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4 q0 P4 p7 x/ V- z1 z+ T6 T) c8 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。3 {' G ^$ d# L
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9 P$ Y" |8 v1 V: V8 q6 e- O% Q: O5 G+ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：4 h/ u# x; j7 R- W9 y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？! `6 Y6 H' n# P; Q" v* M
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1 ?+ x" U+ Z: n tmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：; c# n% ^% _7 z7 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) \ y# P0 M7 A8 w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。2 s% \6 @: q, t, Jcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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4 _( U( }8 z1 k2 X: E! u& o5 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。7 t1 ?9 w* P% I0 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. ] P# Q1 P5 L/ Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：0 `) j! u" ~( W! s3 e# A0 I10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ @7 G9 p3 o& N! L: h) Ymso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
6 K+ P1 f# }( tmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。9 Z t* R* C+ h% ^1 Z" u10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" l' }, E) \- b$ Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：' T2 r4 x$ k) a4 @1 x# m- R5 r: f9 M
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' r( f% s+ D5 WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。& M, F% h! d' p3 d' c( A5 y" Q
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) U$ E* D1 Q" g- gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：9 D6 @5 M* J" m/ [# @' t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢0 `8 w+ S1 h, L8 u, [2 V: ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：5 B- Z' z/ w# F. L. cmso-font-kerning:0pt">" H% m7 |* v# i- L$ lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- }% @& c9 g1 B" m0 [; z: Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。; v' }" W9 g' {( C: _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是/ N9 ^3 T2 G9 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违) o& @! Q0 [6 R- f3 N; D8 @8 G. @# F
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* ]2 i! g6 w( b) a% ~4 imso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得/ g; U; e w# n3 B- f2 R' C
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7 L7 G2 T ]7 Z! u8 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲8 r# w9 l8 k s' @. C* emso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 k7 |+ S: B+ ]8 {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 N0 a* e5 s3 Y8 Q$ j8 O: ]7 _$ a
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违4 W) a# M2 L6 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- [" i4 g! n5 a! A2 D2 r3 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 v+ A( @! h1 |" k5 `- U* \) Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，8 S8 Y8 G' }0 S3 i5 H/ I
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3 j% s7 \: Z( I8 k! A# b6 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ j5 \/ X8 W4 L! I
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+ o* P9 R7 X8 ?. `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。' w% O! v5 Q% A7 ~4 S7 `/ [5 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？0 i( G1 z$ V2 O1 u* S4 }10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- H, U1 O& A3 O2 h/ t3 B0 N4 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。1 i* i! }! @# h- ]) c8 X" Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 Y5 N0 r" C3 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义8 G% m% G1 q$ J" F8 _) g/ q( C
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* B9 D$ V$ ^; N6 {" tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！) e: c) @4 R- S. k( Omso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 T/ V( e- b/ y( {$ u+ H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。& d9 @3 _% }# c' ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述4 n3 r$ {5 K3 o; }1 F' r6 J; l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊, ~5 k! E/ a' imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。0 ^4 K- m; Z$ Q; cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。; m+ G2 G& x; V4 }; M& n r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。& V' l+ j+ }: S2 L I+ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. B$ U/ J9 z. n9 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' U, L$ p( j) m( p; i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：& g6 {% j X+ b: ]/ ^5 y) d( ^
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 _: S6 Y8 _8 @/ p; N9 H5 Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! e# [/ b+ t- T3 {6 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。9 ?4 o9 _+ ]8 B# m' C4 q' v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个% ]$ b( _. ]" T" ~3 d
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! D: R9 r2 N3 P+ ]5 [1 a& N/ X, rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬* ?' v* D! I( s5 h% ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! F0 i: o' T2 {; i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为, @$ n0 f& h, F" b" {0 smso-font-kerning:0pt">“. @; y2 R. H. F$ v7 @. k+ x; g3 t
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* A; e" @& A. `2 p6 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道5 v. N6 O' |* Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 m t3 J# [' f$ @. I. b" D P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。+ `6 l! n7 T6 \2 `- ?; W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的' i$ b6 u8 K; u( G7 n9 E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思" i/ F6 v& P$ I* |5 h
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