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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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6 u1 [* i0 U9 `& I( M# x* YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ o; a9 N1 y% dmso-font-kerning:0pt">25 [" `) Y' e2 e( W, {7 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! {! A2 s, n) `: J. h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：6 o: ? V) \4 k9 k. T, r. u+ X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。1 X9 X9 ^# A! W# K' ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。3 y3 d+ L- g5 V0 E( f6 {/ fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: q: c" y" U. ~6 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 U& P4 M5 Y4 `( @, o1 X$ {
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5 p& M# f( C! b5 R8 F; Z3 x2 s) Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经9 _9 `9 U/ y& p! Imso-font-kerning:0pt">•. h: d' u* z6 t6 q& u4 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。' M( b) p6 I5 [5 j! X
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; b0 Y3 H, T8 [% W4 f9 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是9 e$ ]+ z. {* m$ N% N$ g ?0 v4 L
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1 V$ g- f$ \6 z1 {* D9 d+ [. bmso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。7 `/ X3 Z9 Y& B( p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？' {0 Q! w; N: f! E/ V0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，( D% T w! F0 o6 X- y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。. C' {' E, W. x( [7 J6 q2 S! }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐6 u H$ a- ?' L9 _- W" z; C3 C10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 c; w1 y6 K$ \mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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$ C6 \, o0 N; B/ ]) W$ Z, Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种8 j7 w9 U; ]7 }: R2 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的" e3 D( O/ r9 \: H/ E; d& Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 c3 H3 X9 }( R( a1 S7 N- Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 {( @; ]4 U& n m* M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，6 N* K+ c' s4 F5 A, Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ q J" b$ u2 p0 [$ m; E. e l% }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ ~9 D' ~) l0 ]8 a' y7 ^! ?# b
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& h) L# Q0 a2 s1 F$ t% Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教) S" Y/ K9 u! d. _+ G; Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 M& q6 \6 u2 o ]
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8 d9 O/ n6 f+ ]- b# V3 c) M/ @; u8 [+ }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。$ s0 T- E- W0 g) i* U
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; @( c! z' r8 r' X! QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌3 f$ H7 P# V1 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视+ [" ?8 d T- d# H8 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。% B% B, O0 A |& M2 k3 h& C
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- z7 z1 [2 w8 ]3 ?, `2 K7 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语+ U P1 ~, z6 x: }, e" G
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# R: W7 `0 }1 U$ F' G- F# Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）/ I7 R5 ?- z8 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 w$ o- U) C- L; W" h% A+ S0 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' U: R6 `* z) q+ l$ P! a# Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。7 j* _) t: c" G @ Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 y7 T k( o x5 j4 L5 ` jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 X0 w" F6 c; ?! o, M: o7 v, ^
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语0 J* q# R$ U4 U* U7 k$ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">•! y8 _# y4 ?, _& s4 g1 dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- ^: }0 w& D$ W) K5 f, ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过' I) ^ a2 O. n+ B7 Y$ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" Q% b9 Y r. f- c# K7 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨0 a* a4 ^( _6 e; t, _/ Q1 h/ H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人: B ^, p9 N. Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 i$ m+ S7 a/ d: ^9 t
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M. ?6 r1 V# Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。/ L6 {9 f9 X/ D+ B% f* D) C5 C" y% ^: ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。) z8 ?, ~' o1 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">". c# S/ _$ w- C W' ?- Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 K% A& N6 N& p0 Q* F! v! ]' Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。5 J8 H. @4 |. V0 W3 y
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. F8 V. G6 j2 c+ lTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英* q# h2 t% e1 x0 s7 i3 V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。6 G2 K- H1 U0 b0 ?9 e+ d6 o5 M
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ |; _9 G2 b& @" @8 h% k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”) {9 x4 N* V4 Y1 S5 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 f$ k; `% z- @4 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 c- S; r5 E. Q" {+ h Y/ Z+ amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。$ a2 Q* F& w# ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。8 a+ g8 I1 _' Q- A J O! g. B# U) M# nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) k" d+ C7 W# z0 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& ?5 e3 L# H, y1 J( |. t
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于* ~0 R- \9 T( J; a( c* w& e
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( g2 e# f% ?' S# M5 J) h9 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观/ i( N, X+ Z { c' O+ H; X
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" i* K3 x) N- k$ J$ H" p0 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群$ D: I$ V* ?8 K" g: m) H3 d
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r3 u9 L2 ?& d# W* omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨7 j: g* T1 ^* @2 Z- g) U+ f; Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 Y$ w* r' ?8 s3 v& y# S% \: Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 h+ B- G$ v2 ?7 l& zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓$ N7 r% z* Z0 P% u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓& i+ Y4 V; ~8 C4 r- H0 smso-font-kerning:0pt">“. c. j! n/ b7 q% V6 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; Y8 {. P6 C+ B5 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观1 \+ U) L( e. D/ Z& E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓5 y! R2 h+ Z- H4 ? a8 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 U3 E- H y+ @8 X/ f) xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' {! P. T! Z8 a1 K2 C
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7 L) D; p3 I3 v# G$ H: Z9 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓4 K# {9 Q% A/ Q9 L4 r" J
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# v: I" S+ g! Q0 X c5 g/ Z" ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨: {# Q3 Q: m) w6 R$ h
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8 i+ n" K# P: i" ~/ omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼* J0 U+ E7 @6 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤$ i a1 W6 `0 N! cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; a6 n# k9 H+ B: P4 V: p) `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; h: `; u+ H3 i) t( B/ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语3 X& G0 a R6 `2 p7 e- {- N; tmso-font-kerning:0pt">.- Q; S4 u% Z6 |1 D6 `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 A3 }9 K4 B |3 X- G, Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能. ?/ j E+ Z$ `7 j: y
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. o. k0 c5 W# O& p0 o) Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒$ ]" Q8 ~* p3 I1 u" I- j7 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 z* m5 e. k/ {# m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹) G* ^6 _. r/ @4 f6 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人7 J. g, j( k4 W& P0 q- Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ P5 g( I3 T: A/ r8 f+ Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% Y! X# \, Q/ U# N7 Z+ i4 ^
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪1 n8 `. Y6 u2 Q* V* G8 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 t5 ~2 l) X1 a2 S3 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. A6 V! N; j1 V8 p' G# v9 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语" k2 C2 t5 z4 M: [$ K; ~; ymso-font-kerning:0pt">.2 Y% n. c+ y+ nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 p, O- g; x6 h+ h( v8 x# s4 y5 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。5 a8 i- i7 d2 J6 d- k' |# Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 N# ~5 J7 L; ]! u, j7 d3 a1 \Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：) p1 J. J( v r7 d6 `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。( w0 ^) Z0 U l v
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理' M: a! B$ z2 f1 u8 n0pt"> 3 K' \8 J3 V) G! o- T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。& `. ~# h; J* D6 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱* X% @ }. o" f* ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
