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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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( Y( F# [) z" P% ~1 \7 V0 \Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：3 u- ^; | K# T9 r, j& z! v0pt"> ! Z" A B, Z0 j+ @! @) j* O
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' o- @) d! M5 r: x+ g6 QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第6 G* i& w3 m" w# Z$ A+ t( F
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7 ^# {/ _7 l* ^$ J* [+ B- z8 G0 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：' B1 D$ d: z/ }$ a2 L6 V. fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"" I ^4 t/ i% g/ O1 }3 [, e6 z9 t
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; o* `3 v& }' S& Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。' v- @ a z8 l( v) O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。- V- ?, F/ ]& r& jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" D O' i0 g4 x; Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经% Y) s8 N% t1 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。/ k1 G) o% h1 W' a; C7 _+ ?
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0 x: [3 c( Z9 z; D8 W" ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：9 M& U8 G( P6 o0pt">“& M2 ~9 e: g" k3 u$ r9 G# a
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/ p1 g. Y6 N* T1 @ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是; ~0 Y8 B1 V4 c- b0pt">‘* E5 C0 b9 s& a
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% ]# Y% V4 z. M# ~9 v0 q: UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？3 I0 t. u" ]1 Q
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# |+ p5 D/ U- @& W( N& GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，* q) ]: c" ^2 T+ D3 U
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, \4 p) q( D f: N: l o9 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。' }, q' x1 K( }2 R( {
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8 @) z2 ?* t7 L; s4 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐* H" Z" D; Q- Q9 t& X1 u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种# @/ u9 ?3 \ s, W2 `2 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! B; J! {/ c. |# M' R$ C: ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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( ^" C9 Y4 v: l9 a- wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的3 q8 L; m2 Z; u) m& q0 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& m8 f) V2 P3 @, \0 s" e
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. M, z' ]* |& ?# Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，1 X; e& `3 F' c, n$ }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ w; b0 c( v" u+ l! T6 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% T8 _: E0 t& N# D, }3 i) {6 b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教) a/ Y/ J; M+ y( Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。7 F2 P/ O6 K6 j/ n
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# {$ D7 q5 a# M7 X7 hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌# u, S7 n1 D. |5 z# M0 q) l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视& }1 M5 L P, S8 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 _3 l+ ?/ l9 y" A- l2 x4 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：- O2 e( A C7 Q* k, v/ }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。' l9 y, I3 S% \. n: P5 t/ T* s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 W" ?7 u3 y4 U0 t* J4 h# A- B
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/ m( H: ]$ j$ i' cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）! H* F& y& T# j, |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- u; o' u' R/ I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。, _' Y/ e! ?) c. I2 C& V- I" n2 U% W
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/ B3 k" b9 z% A4 V. v- L9 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语: V% t. c0 `) g1 E% c3 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过2 f8 d0 b, u& I2 A6 r$ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, W* P0 j: ^" t: f& E$ [- x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨3 l9 I; o7 H5 j2 U/ @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人9 X7 U, U0 Z0 b; t: Q5 ~2 M
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# g9 @( c7 u4 y: Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。) }7 |/ k0 Z8 K: I4 T0 X/ Q* b7 U
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, v" J) ~! A5 r5 g$ b- K$ e% tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。/ V2 m2 X, Z3 B- D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。: g$ W! q2 T m+ M0 ?' @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: B n& i0 w. ^. e# r* }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。& x7 ?; x0 h0 s, J z
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 W+ u8 U1 r7 X! P1 f# v7 A3 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) S/ D$ m$ N8 t6 \6 n1 a
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃; c- w$ l5 a% \3 v( l+ h% B" {6 w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”& J$ d) ?' }6 a- emso-font-kerning:0pt">——: i# o) |2 V+ W# x: U# r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。1 }/ D# n+ n: Z: v! Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。% k% V$ n5 V# F% l* v' ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 q( I; Q1 Q2 m0 i+ sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ l4 i: a6 R5 }" |
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于) r3 L6 a8 b* q. l
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8 d) s9 ~: P7 R& z! Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群* Q( d8 Q7 [2 w; y6 B o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨, Y$ L# E! x( K1 A: P& T1 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 B9 U$ `8 d+ \' ^- a
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8 ^7 B$ k5 p! t5 s; Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓; s& ~; W3 t( f- z% x* Z' S& kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 q, A# I v6 o/ [
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 T( S; k( ~: {- Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴) e4 t0 K, L; e9 [( S* U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓/ _1 J% S0 w" Q, ~/ I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观3 T4 u# Z$ ^/ M$ S- x
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; D/ C# V- T, lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓1 X- M0 \1 |4 W. h$ q9 b
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, c% `# |* C9 e0 [$ Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓1 Q M* W1 e% K$ H& j/ a8 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& [8 W7 W( X! H# m' m7 k7 A$ }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, T* b" n3 ~& lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨* [8 G$ n, p5 w9 k: E* h% emso-font-kerning:0pt">”! Y" X( ~ l, ~7 X* [! i3 R5 D: kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; ?& \2 S( N+ z/ {! mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼/ ?' }6 q0 D O! |, C1 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 |3 b! ]) h# i0 ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤1 W0 d1 s7 o& j* Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">” X# H. g3 M2 Q! {2 N( J/ h% R
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8 ]7 t6 e& u# @+ R omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语4 x0 O! v. J/ x3 d6 z* |mso-font-kerning:0pt">.: \+ @# ]$ T c; tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( c8 K7 c: D' q3 m
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能6 q6 _0 ]1 J& K
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4 F- _6 W8 A+ e$ P9 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒, R+ Z4 R7 p7 }$ s* o' U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹" I4 [! \- n' e/ F. I; {mso-font-kerning:0pt">.* t6 L# o8 K) w, K2 _6 y6 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& w! u" l3 q0 A/ C j' Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人# T+ Y5 v6 m$ J1 S7 j O1 S: N2 _
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: K% ?7 j/ U3 T3 f5 T8 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪# ?0 \+ Z% o, C) d2 s5 M
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4 n3 j4 u# ?& ?+ bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 }( a5 f5 _ P' ]. e( T: Omso-font-kerning:0pt">. z+ |/ l( {/ `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 g/ h0 |6 b; i3 r, Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。) a: w+ _1 `2 D' b: y3 R
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6 S; t# R/ W* ~- s' |3 }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。: x( D$ F# v- N" A6 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">6 f6 R! D4 {8 I3 x! G1 {3 U$ ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 c. H# e$ B, P5 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用1 s o' r" e; z! K& P; nmso-font-kerning:0pt">  3 Z+ f! Q( t' O3 r- G# g; [& M( M
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; v+ [# a+ z/ C& }) @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理0 w1 r* U t/ m! H! D! \3 K
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7 W" }" a5 m+ RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。# C M3 A- ]' \/ t& W
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5 R5 V2 f( @1 C! I& q: Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱* e U' ~! N2 }. p( [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 y+ \) J' x, QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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