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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 x0 X0 L$ ~& k& Q/ {1 q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：3 k+ Q0 e# C! X9 E% C1 z# s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。1 F5 B( L/ i4 w& M( z1 H3 u0 o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。* l2 e3 L/ A" I, s$ emso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ |0 K7 K; T4 n4 ~2 b; n, Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经( o1 G! p& b% [
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& c4 g M2 L5 U3 s# K: w0 W: R' ?- rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。' N& p# H1 P5 i/ o! d+ d6 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- o n) }# ~7 m6 x: kmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是' r F4 @. b, S; P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？- R; B; F$ @7 O- t: l( Y8 N* r0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，& `" q9 q; p: X/ b1 ?3 x( }
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3 H5 o, ?( n U$ [9 B3 \9 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。& @- p# e0 @4 r1 _
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; ^; T& f# N0 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐4 e) B0 s3 x) W: X$ Z: q
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: n" [7 U' |$ z8 |6 t0 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种% v2 t h* S8 }. h+ H* \9 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- l% }. O: C1 M# R) ]. I( Q( K: H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的5 M# Z) l( d( d; `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ T1 ^' _0 \( g# ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 _% p% ]- S$ F" M. B! e" L
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- W' b* U+ f; O9 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，; P4 Z- q7 \1 c' Z% i# Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 B0 W( q0 i( i: L; V$ Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 \1 m* f! v* q. k& Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教% _& R/ B- R6 @$ D5 I+ b8 A! | V6 \
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- p8 f2 M9 K: ~$ p+ [5 _( y) Y3 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。$ B! Z$ ^. }! M2 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ I* U5 L! w! d0 d, {, u" P1 {7 YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌7 ]- q# Z( ]' ^4 O# _- j- \8 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">305! Z2 D* x$ }/ P; j! J+ y4 kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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* R- \* D3 X+ G% \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：" O8 k9 R" q+ l. k, r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。. `1 X' B! Z+ w9 j4 S6 @6 U
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" }, U7 h( V1 s% ^& jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语8 I3 j1 ~3 j/ `+ g1 j amso-font-kerning:0pt">•1 {2 ~3 o' O9 Y% L2 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）, L5 f# Z1 r$ E) u/ D
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1 x" V9 H' q* Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。- ~5 {/ _5 }* ` X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过) ?" @( z- o Q |6 ]. G' Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ y6 g; g1 h0 W: F. a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨+ I+ ~+ m! Z5 ~ amso-font-kerning:0pt">”# L V a# H# W# ~
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! l; w5 R. {5 t ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人! t( S5 N9 L7 O4 \- `* q: y
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% U I6 D" S& \7 P7 e( y n/ rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪0 L1 l5 N2 `2 T7 n$ S# omso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 M( \! u1 n# K; T# [3 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; ^, G& L; D9 A w" ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。" t, `3 l/ Y, O- }$ ? @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。- l* g# k8 w3 F$ E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。. ^: m: Q+ H2 d) m+ n: A0 f9 cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> , w( ]+ @; Q3 F% @! C& [; `3 }' H l
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% S& E0 t) X2 o0 q. kTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英; b) T8 p- m! d, W5 a0pt">： 5 h4 y f" u' x4 P5 l) `8 Q; }0pt">
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# F. Q$ x# c9 ~, u2 J9 Z& U+ {8 @8 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。. P% b9 h# e* x5 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃5 V& B$ c Z9 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批5 P6 L+ J2 T2 b: Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' t' o3 C# P) H! ^* x) E6 m( |0 W5 f
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N0 f+ w: y' }( M/ [3 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”& K S1 f1 q/ j5 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">——) h% Y e/ I# e/ w0 R# l6 f7 F. lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* G) T6 a, k: s. J5 Y/ j( K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。( S1 L' I; b6 D. e7 G. b1 W
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: M* R8 b4 m4 H7 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。 h+ f) B* X+ M- w9 V3 O. P9 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”# }4 s+ T, t* Y! @3 G- {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; j" q+ Z0 q. q# d
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于# Q7 W. Z% {: k) ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# p( ?3 U9 Q& O8 W5 U4 R9 I% Y& x3 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 I5 W! C/ X8 V$ ^5 O& k) c
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6 m* n; w( k, H' S rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观5 V i \7 R3 e" Q9 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& y$ m/ I; o8 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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Y5 s( q! J* ^" F9 i! Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群 j. `6 }5 o) m' M
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1 e3 T# J3 E0 u, K# W2 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨2 W t# F$ [' z8 ]& Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 `0 C+ ^7 C9 n$ w, [( k& Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) T- W8 |! m+ r" i7 v% `# gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓; b! v: B M8 a$ C @( v; G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓. r( M8 f( K% e B/ h) e0 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“; h# m% O% [8 x& m7 \7 n: z! afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% \0 Y6 `, J4 Y, k4 r B
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观! {0 G) v f: x5 g5 N8 ?3 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( L) o. d4 w% N8 R/ Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ z2 V9 Z, h- P; R: ]8 t# T1 H
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓- H! v5 i) k2 k5 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: {6 L# o& y5 R% z7 O' w1 o) ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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0 ~- T! O0 T2 ~* o6 W) ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓" |9 A8 D3 ~6 o, [1 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨/ `6 i8 u7 k$ T2 R. Q; omso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 \7 R' V$ K8 H8 L# {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼& ^& G/ Q% ] e# {
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6 O+ J1 E6 n1 j5 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤" v' A& N5 j( C7 b% T7 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 F% _+ N# v* |3 v1 M6 e( M' o6 @% Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ \8 P6 S- @/ l: a! X' y2 v" @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语4 s3 H1 @$ M* f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能: C p0 T0 Q! O( o' ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) r5 p/ D5 Q, o2 @) H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒% g; o3 q( P P$ h, @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 j& e- _4 @; j6 @' B: v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹, N- ~8 p) s6 e; E3 J; h0 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人" M+ P* \6 ?0 S# {' ~$ Y6 imso-font-kerning:0pt">“ w5 N" a! e) \8 H8 n4 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 t& @; r( X0 y1 B/ l2 r; X' T' {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语: u0 A% D I; f4 Q5 m# S* @( d, R
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! m4 }) b5 }0 @* Q4 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。 q W& N5 [4 n/ H) [) @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。" m5 T6 E6 K1 F, G* ?1 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用- _/ t4 N1 k: emso-font-kerning:0pt">  ; P) I; [9 M+ z qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理* \1 `7 F7 f% {$ P8 `9 c) t
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2 V; e1 S) h: [ H9 P0 C: UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。3 t; C+ f: p! |* {( k4 v9 J& kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱$ v3 P1 e% C9 g2 l9 T4 j3 |mso-font-kerning:0pt"> # L* S8 l' v& {( q$ f
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧4 p! D6 D( {& ]* y# q
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2 M7 Z$ Q; E& b4 r% i* U- bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
