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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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. P9 X- @3 Q: i0 t0 H' p0 J! `+ \Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：' l8 }( } h, z. J) T0 o( A& B# F" l0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ ~. ?, }- X! \0 I( Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">2: N7 \+ }' p" v$ U2 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：7 J6 D" y" Y# z% h+ t: z! r9 N" g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。* P2 f1 c, B) i: H4 }
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, L5 m; m6 V+ jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。4 q# W7 o' b2 k; k1 S2 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“% B x5 u3 ^3 {5 n- f* ?
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% g) O( y- M- F$ _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经3 A4 f7 d) H5 p9 b( B# ^
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: }: l5 G2 a5 o, D& Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。8 F, }$ v: c; c# T4 smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是1 C4 K/ ~. e" Q; {) Y! m5 X+ z0pt">‘6 k. X. s: g9 W* z$ H! ?3 STahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;9 R0 i, M: V, U+ G2 C, b8 c( X
mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。; V6 T- @( H2 E0 @9 `2 ]7 D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？1 c) y' W/ S& A- L5 f
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，. I, n: [- i2 ]1 a. |% y5 ~7 S: l! umso-font-kerning:0pt">"4 q7 N+ V/ ^5 z/ S7 F# n
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' z# S7 }' K$ e. _4 j) Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。! O6 \5 }* X/ Q R9 ~. l; s
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+ X" e) q' y5 v i: c$ e7 X/ vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：! \1 ?1 }; Q; O/ d
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐: X: Z0 K) v5 b' Z9 a; q. q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语* _$ y* C5 ~: J/ Z- h- u* I' l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种6 G. e! q2 l8 E1 c$ a. n# Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 p, |% v' P- B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的! K$ |4 ^) P! o0 q$ ^1 j- q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，! _7 H, w' W# K; K. ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ Q& b6 k3 a1 rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 n ?. t0 ~1 e6 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教5 X; Q( Z* ]1 |- j! d/ p
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' q' `# I% ~5 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。. G/ K; O2 H8 W2 [6 omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌, @0 G7 _' b. ?, hmso-font-kerning:0pt">305! N4 n9 w2 S( bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ u7 m/ K/ g3 z# T. v6 A
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视1 n5 p F( m7 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ X- d! U( h& r# Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：) } T# P- F. G$ i& |4 p8 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( ?6 d9 D; A% e# _* b' mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ Z2 f" l5 Z+ i# \; O/ i" T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。1 M& y' o e* g# o/ Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 L: A0 I3 v9 G" S+ F
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2 @3 N" x( n8 R$ Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 l! B! g7 J/ b/ {$ K+ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">•; T4 G: \! N# X2 u6 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% T4 Z6 q( R) Y+ e% \; \) c" F4 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）/ b* i/ s: g8 u! |3 X# z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。8 Q6 m; a0 H: P* ~) |! p( M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语8 |& S7 T. o7 g3 F; |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过) _" Q' {; S5 s0 o+ a* h: b8 ^4 v# F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨, c$ z4 ]0 w; z
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/ X! R1 }+ L8 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人+ J4 y3 Q2 Q! ?. v
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9 K# \( a" C+ e' n: G omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪% J" y, f; h; a" i' Q3 q% Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”" a& o1 X* @- F/ t1 M. K, s$ s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。; u! k( P2 n+ a1 B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。& B. e" M8 ~( {7 c$ z @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。' |1 ?) c3 a. p* z6 G B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。" w$ p: L, J$ P- ]0 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃: G. O5 g9 ]+ l4 G4 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批& A) p, v W0 |/ w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了” l9 _# X- g* S) y7 U; Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。/ D6 G- t: k8 z8 Q+ N2 B U; R) H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。$ p/ Z& C* _ x6 smso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ T9 x$ ^+ b+ U
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3 R% b" |, {% p# }0 A: t4 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于- i/ ]& {0 s. C! n; | V6 i
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* [$ k: d( v. B; u0 Q2 R6 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观2 p4 n6 ?; g4 d1 V+ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 b* A7 c5 Q7 v
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( _& ^1 i' r0 G; c V2 D4 g( Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨& e! \/ e8 N2 r. z; a* |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# G) A6 R+ M4 S" T0 P
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9 X' s$ p) N* zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓' k: h$ R# [, G/ N# umso-font-kerning:0pt">“: ~$ A, x. {- o, g+ y" ?6 u0 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ o2 m. x) f; H' I; f: A2 m) L
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' p& ~: G( F1 e# smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓2 i" K Q2 P4 `6 H" X6 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 ~; C4 B- b' q4 Y, r" d: Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) `! Z9 A0 g% |8 K" j2 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观 j8 h$ V; i6 o1 `. m
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k2 B) R, B2 m' ^' ]- l/ \: t& L Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓8 K( U7 A4 h7 [" f* I y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群; N j& h3 ? v2 `; \; `% Y: L/ S' d/ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”) K7 \" A% E& @4 k+ y p- g% gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: V; y2 H" y2 Q4 ^5 ^/ Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓1 d1 n+ J# D6 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ g) \0 v3 Q" `- kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 w1 \, B) `! b& G: t. Q9 J
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨/ ~- J6 R' t3 r% T( imso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 S! W2 |. A' [: x/ ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 z4 s# \7 E: Z! wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼9 c/ k3 U, l. k: u
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2 Q1 d& W) Z% Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤5 g! Y7 U; n* L( }$ [* F1 [+ }8 h5 a
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) b _8 {4 i G+ Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语" p/ v3 u& W5 {# B* R4 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">. [) T/ N/ r* Y- h6 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ B- `! g u4 u! O3 j6 imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能 y6 h# f1 E6 D$ r* t! z1 I; zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- c& S: Z4 V1 z: C! N) }( R/ jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. Q3 ]+ w2 `; g* T# a" U
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒: r% V! l5 P" l, wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 C! X# r" K p5 z' c$ @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: m" K& H$ ?2 j. }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹# I: ], N0 x4 |' c5 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">." `" T" {' n3 E! R( q% efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) q1 x; d. g2 C0 B; qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人4 G& @0 P1 o0 s( a1 a) e- s! M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪- d' p3 u- |/ T9 k9 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: R- o0 N4 U7 D% F/ \1 ^' |' v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语+ H: A2 k# @9 z% } Y) s, }mso-font-kerning:0pt">.) Y* w$ }# }$ h" h; M8 A& Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ Y) Q B+ U6 k) C0 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。8 h/ z: Y% ]) s3 x( d" G0 P. N
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9 J F- N( V9 K9 ?1 GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。& d% Z$ K1 S8 umso-font-kerning:0pt">; K6 }2 u4 X; ~- [6 ^+ j; qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, `. O6 H% y, T3 j& e5 S! a
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用/ ]. o( d% V& I2 {" [4 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">  % M: Z$ U9 b4 V
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l8 h; P7 v/ y5 g3 fTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：3 E6 D5 A- n$ x/ p! {4 i2 a" G7 b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理, t+ \. n4 E O0 E2 i$ H% I0pt"> 9 g4 g _* A, T# \$ H9 k
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。' k, ~0 K' x( P8 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ T* g3 M& @3 y1 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱& _# \7 G+ @8 h" S& S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧* [, Q4 a: D3 h* d- T0 Q* ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ U! e. e4 | Y+ n6 t0 W8 STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
