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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： C1 @$ p6 U/ _6 k( K7 {* s4 O% s
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2 f3 b8 _8 J0 U! T f3 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">1% H1 v4 x! i7 f$ E! g, Z0 \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：) f9 W/ @6 B; K* w7 `* U
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1 M. k) q4 l5 ~' ?, x k8 H0 P( bmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。2 x3 z* v4 Q" | d2 x/ k$ Z5 R
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2 Q4 F4 f; `6 g0 A! W4 I8 TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。5 [# w' R0 q4 O. s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 e% c' ]5 K3 q* o; t) ^10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, |5 Z: [4 ~/ G7 M. M6 wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;6 {& q$ Y4 R& F9 p& I7 s; ]1 `, N
mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。9 V6 S5 r: w/ M8 M2 i8 a1 B. u
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。: d d4 M* `9 y( [
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& t. M% {8 T* n& S# uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服- R3 [: J8 t& Y4 f( C4 pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> : W7 ^) z) T; |8 P
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/ Z! W- e/ B$ B* x) I" lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢! \+ D0 P- L& ]; ?
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?! P& l0 o6 k9 I" O" ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。1 ]8 Z1 k* u) h; O7 k
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3 r$ x: O* m! i6 t; |# o/ vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新- S+ H4 V8 W; g: H4 I9 a! Mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ d. E M g% ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白, X' ?9 Q \" e$ W! D3 @5 J9 Smso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) E' M8 ?8 Q3 Q( W8 q: Q+ g9 q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学; C/ _* Q y& {3 b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么+ Q5 f6 l1 h! z: I& nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——( \7 M' r7 b1 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, h @# e3 C: Y6 C3 S
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？( g% `+ w% l2 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ f k7 X/ h0 ^( S
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5 T; T1 w) P( i- X( _4 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚) [3 s& Y) @" {
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！1 `) _" R1 X9 l9 _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假9 `9 \" V- ~5 n" ]: i4 \7 `mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 W( X* {$ C! Z
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B0 i0 Z3 X7 I4 R$ ^0 tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是* }4 F5 ~. Z# Q
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% ?: l3 E) }' V+ ^" I9 B* a7 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题7 D0 l* {6 J0 ^5 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, S0 o4 p# z$ S% {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 j7 q/ e7 L. Y A5 b3 w2 ?& K, h' Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。' `) N2 m6 E9 X3 V2 n# b% \9 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 w- U7 c1 t" @: o
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" b+ u' C' A0 Q$ v* r9 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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