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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： % r) z( M( D+ D: @, E7 tmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:" b+ Z1 n# J9 C
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+ C) `9 J7 O/ W6 j0 |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第9 p7 ^+ x- S$ t6 m9 a& F& G; K# L
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。 r& B- y6 W" r {9 F1 m2 a& L2 Ecolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。4 R' w/ s$ A3 W9 ]! u
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/ T8 ^4 X2 H+ x& xmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。# M' v9 ^% ^5 I2 c& ]9 z( S% amso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？9 W. {& u5 `0 x5 bcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' C1 e- A( `" z( RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。3 R# O3 z6 v c. a% b pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> % t$ { i0 V5 B8 q/ f# B
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; m- g0 L; w8 }8 i4 p) QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服8 R3 f+ F8 g" `+ n* y. L) v& B
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$ E, g2 D! T0 i: qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服8 ?3 t* ^: F" r [2 E% A8 W8 H( ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。- d) e2 `+ n9 A" H
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/ @2 Y& s+ e3 d% j9 ^, Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新& P: E7 J- U1 U5 X4 {/ x7 p' |
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/ |5 D8 K t8 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白' H: M [+ u6 h" D1 C/ w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学! y6 m6 }5 i; pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " \ f5 g8 J9 B# j0 ^$ d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么9 I6 L' A* N' U) T7 I
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# N( N% S) G, y5 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？ I$ i$ h$ p7 h7 R' B5 [
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4 k6 I' x$ J1 N. z1 W% K/ t$ G% K$ Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说" g4 G4 I W1 D0 v, p2 J( z: hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 A7 a- O) j% o( j; v' cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; j3 p" w3 }- V6 j2 `7 p7 R6 W
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) y0 p$ l* P: _* |' z6 u2 B9 ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚, I+ K% u% |% h3 x1 ^* |- o* amso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 }5 L1 f) u/ v* Z* z, k4 s- e# M' T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！ h% a% g5 v# q3 \/ b
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! o: U% N1 s# {" D$ \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假) W2 L! D0 A; C( _- ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是" F: h( Q5 F7 V/ `, S" v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题' Y1 j& U9 I% q* O3 {
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' _" q1 a1 Z! @! B; F$ pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。) m2 N, f; N; k: Q, ~5 E
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' ^# v( P; ]3 h: L6 o% Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴/ `3 i$ ?7 b' y* t. s: Q. gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: e! X. w% h- ~2 D% Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* j$ s i5 [8 N4 C# S. Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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