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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： - O/ Z, Y+ l, ~/ @; |* ~4 F0 z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第- F, E9 E+ g' T$ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">1; G6 t6 Y+ v* l* Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ x& s: Y$ |- R
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* H! L* z" G0 xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。5 |4 ]7 {( u) b" M9 x! u; Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: n# Y# }+ ~# i6 r1 r' z* k+ Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。% n2 h$ t/ D; V' ~; H+ emso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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# y1 R# B# U; r5 X. R6 H! j" Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？7 s9 Z) X" t' K+ }$ Q: c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。. y/ f! D$ D3 ~+ A& b& Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& y. A O1 K0 q$ e4 B/ v% BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服; n- S T6 m K! E( x$ k0 A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢( L+ w" g$ N5 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' o' H0 I% ~! q$ ~. M/ s7 v5 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服6 @7 N2 J4 w. T. H$ `" n' K% [
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& U4 G- Q" \# N* @3 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。: y8 ]& O6 p" T- pmso-font-kerning:0pt">" + j" G1 q; ^1 h0 @; y! b
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7 ^* V! P3 ^: D" v1 [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白% ]/ n& S- e3 q, {% ^1 b6 j: `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学$ A b3 B7 k6 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ! V& s8 o8 [ X( H6 n+ r
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3 I7 G3 m6 E7 ?6 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？1 X3 G# E* a' ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚3 h8 W; r9 j1 K T, K* mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> - ?$ ?; z) v6 S) B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！. u7 W+ [4 Z; Omso-font-kerning:0pt"> % o' J' g; i9 N. E7 u3 L a# H
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! s5 o5 O" m4 q2 X9 K8 v7 J; F# @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是, y# s3 }7 ~5 e$ o- O% l3 e! _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题6 Z, O- b- |& h. F. Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 M) o0 ~% d$ v% h
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+ {% o4 @ B% Z7 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。- U9 H' p0 R3 `. e+ t$ S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴, a4 ]3 g0 g) X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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