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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： + d+ B/ ?3 C. y# d8 J' {0 lmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第9 G3 C) z( O' x4 w
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4 k3 T3 D* l- P) R2 v/ M' H8 |! rmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。$ u/ q4 c. U4 @$ I' W3 J1 r5 b
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0 q5 _% o3 P8 k$ e' `4 xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。; Y' w) Y% b! ~/ o# {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。' S/ S5 ?( w" O7 ~5 r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？$ F7 M$ n2 F3 _8 B F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。 t9 g3 \/ r; r; |mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 J9 K8 A0 j% Z4 g( w+ m) T( E/ o
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" H7 q- D2 a# B E# pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢9 o9 M9 u% W9 t
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3 }8 h& l1 d& Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服. J) p, m8 K5 C
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6 H$ j2 q a4 z8 | Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的7 K+ D6 X6 r( ^" j- O$ _' L, L9 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">"( Q9 h; b0 u; |7 x2 F7 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 E7 G0 p% ]6 r* n0 z3 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。% I) \( I- N: _1 V" b/ v, r& `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白' N) o, n6 P6 U: g+ }3 F% b; umso-font-kerning:0pt"> * \& @, f X2 J- J' H8 X
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) S' r s2 k$ A4 V% I& ]8 S6 o* t5 T0 JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学" t+ C* p, P; f" u( [3 Y; i) @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么6 m" Z( t. C, C- H% omso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 Q8 f% v& R2 o* F2 |$ l: c m* zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ W! C( c% b+ N4 X! ?4 Q! `
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？* p h* k, w/ B$ t; M+ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 v) z2 m# V; u! v4 ]2 J! |4 V
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. _. @0 S- m9 b. O, v" w0 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊5 w3 v/ |$ s* a& Q1 l" X
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6 n) u3 `, D3 A! h9 eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚( |4 k* r4 Q! z; R& d* I
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8 i6 |9 \* e5 g9 C0 F, ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！& \4 c5 ~! J, K8 c6 t! Qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ?4 h7 s, I# S" Y3 y
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0 v G/ p1 Y0 s v, `: p( n' a5 W+ j, Z( ^( [Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Leslie6 o1 b" e. C) u. Y10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假/ G5 x6 n- M$ y8 X, b1 `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是" Z( x* \, r& R" h f1 p3 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题# M, A& M- `# ~1 ^- K8 L" bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 p4 S' w) y6 M: P" @7 p' j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。5 s% }! F) c2 K# S
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' M0 l3 I( h6 _$ f: G9 o+ W3 T8 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴: o% m; {! [9 S* s
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8 V) h) R) F1 X! B# S+ vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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