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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： $ i- E" I& E8 Y- Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 P$ _/ U2 u' ?. O, l- c4 \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。1 @1 ?# g% Q* U
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, V0 z# h ?3 b# A" mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。& ^% s: H$ d$ o6 J8 P( X8 _: A
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$ q" t+ j5 t$ F: H+ imso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。6 i* B4 E4 D+ M- ~! d8 N7 u. Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。" Q( B2 u1 ]$ T7 |8 hmso-font-kerning:0pt"> : T0 J7 k: p' I+ o/ W# s
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8 C2 C! R/ a" D) gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢% H: u& q9 u0 }+ ?6 X
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" b7 w e3 _/ m; f# I; pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新" B" V) z Y. W K$ d% Emso-font-kerning:0pt"> ( T2 d6 v7 @1 v& w, l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白, ?" v) Z1 G3 }# n- x+ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 F; R: Z$ b% D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学2 f( i) C% d0 B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么$ G% F S, O2 `) @mso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 `) `6 `* W, W; O5 e! \. sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ e! u) w1 Z7 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？4 n+ [; S1 S7 F, L8 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善6 N: F, Z5 Z: y) h! q: r
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S$ `* @; `( b4 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊! L! G" o9 v# g5 u5 I9 Q
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S( ?. n- q& l; K" PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚* y& q Q1 C2 n) A/ N5 E6 L- u
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! B, g0 k% S" B# oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！" ?! C3 q a b& \mso-font-kerning:0pt"> : b p7 j5 n9 u" B
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2 k% R; G8 H& k. ^. g! J- ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假8 i4 o' @& t3 [: X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是8 \' m! K& Q+ K$ V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题7 B& ~$ P* U$ H& I% s1 l: U
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7 g* }6 U% K# g8 c; ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。9 a1 F) v+ [* a* G: s- | G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴! _5 h- C! t: Z& |+ D( v
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' m9 V) ~. E4 k% V, Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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