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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ( o$ x. |2 ?/ tmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第' R" q" n& m1 N0 p2 U7 k) Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">1! i6 l5 O! c' D4 I" \7 W( |
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+ c. f2 q. F- _8 C- i) g1 g% Imso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。. @8 G" B( W! M9 N4 R2 y
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* Y5 K; Y% u4 _' |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。& ]$ y) G+ D, t: g6 G- U$ A1 Z
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9 i( s! G$ @( O) u/ T# F( q/ Y4 smso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。9 Q, R3 d5 B/ r: f1 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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/ |( W& s/ U% L( Q5 ]2 y; Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？, f0 K4 K0 k: V2 R+ Lcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 U1 b- m: D- t0 t; G5 x5 jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。9 @* E# `/ H4 \& E4 @6 D' dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服3 C' L& X% h2 k+ m/ t1 amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢* f) j6 ~3 Y/ C- x/ B/ `5 H; E
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4 r; h1 ^9 Z$ f: @, v6 ~* N9 A2 n7 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服6 A0 c% l, o9 h0 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的+ Y/ j5 G, W1 K x/ k& jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"& ]0 R1 P0 R+ h) u+ M9 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。; [; U! b( l9 k3 t3 o# `" P! N
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V' ?2 o" W# u2 A3 TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白) |: m. i, w. U4 A3 x: Zmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 3 ^$ n+ p4 b [* j
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# _( ]! V& C5 W1 E( pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学0 B$ {1 G/ O* n+ d5 t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么# y4 f+ z0 t: z5 S- u
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9 d- O V2 V; b2 A4 V" ^! Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？2 U/ _8 _% F7 n& ~# j1 t+ r0 r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊) a5 I: Y( S' u/ X N' G# |0 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 O) `8 q) L: L8 @* z% B' T
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; E6 l5 J0 ^ W$ |1 F1 L/ K1 zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚4 Y a& y$ }; a+ d7 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + I3 Q' P5 \# B- R& Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！+ R6 j$ C" D) q" ~9 Z; Lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) D0 V; y3 @* O( N9 {# h5 }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假! D$ h* S5 n! O) P1 X, [7 k8 x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是& G% Z! z% ]" _$ q& Z/ B* A0 ]
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3 k" L) |/ E" e! H4 Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题- a( r$ e# E5 f5 p2 e9 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”* T4 G0 k' u) x0 |2 k! q* K3 p
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{4 u7 ^! \1 S R$ x! U; ^2 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。! p! B! L1 E* f# P, q: a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴, f- A) @0 e; Q+ k& a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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