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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 8 \/ \& e$ l, d% s! v/ R$ W1 J5 wmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:0 n' ~6 R0 \+ h: y! c0 H' ?# X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 U% `8 I( y; |7 N* L
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。7 [. S0 D8 J7 M4 U# F: Dcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。. d0 j4 U% D! l' r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。( }3 e; V$ X/ l6 U+ ~2 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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2 E% ^ ?( d' S; q1 sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。. |" |: J W+ R: X ~% E
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* N( E( V: `( F6 @) { Z; N; nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服7 X5 f- C( K. Y/ l2 ]5 ~2 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 c4 f# w3 x1 E- V6 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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# C( U o: R+ A6 |1 G% G7 q8 z1 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新8 v& w6 b! ^6 [) v* t" `
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4 s" K3 q+ f8 s I6 oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白9 b/ K# J/ D4 B! T' ?) f0 ymso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 f- D' `) P" u7 x
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. t( J; M/ y: ?# hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学8 { s% T8 _# U3 @4 P [5 P
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, v& F1 A5 K4 a+ uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么! [7 B! O2 C' A7 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 s( h- [ u% a4 z9 _ w/ S4 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
s5 f8 r1 N6 l* f5 F0 n8 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？' a( o* z' V- b5 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 c# p5 s3 I7 r& _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' C! ~8 j4 I! p$ @
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. I& \6 N, C e: M! F* W, E3 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。( }- Z5 z! c! L! o9 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">"; k! W# T5 @9 T7 \: H% ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 F) e0 n5 ]9 j: F0 M3 U5 {% Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。9 l! E" t* ]9 i' _. C2 T8 Y1 s1 imso-font-kerning:0pt"> * o. {8 O$ c/ B3 M2 h7 C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊 T% e+ X$ U) T6 c( j9 Omso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 R1 x3 f* x; O( c: M0 s4 J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚4 k! i' s- a. ?, j1 }
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( X9 |+ q a* e" r/ TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！3 v, Y }) v _1 |5 b: r! T! \7 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假& t2 v( s/ @& x* |, ~ m; X3 S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是; A: z( ]* x( o4 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ Y" d6 A5 u/ V. b) i4 v$ Q) rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' {0 v0 {. `+ ~, [( g" |
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题2 Q9 q1 c! F* y0 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 \- s3 K% G9 W: ?7 x, h( J; a5 ?/ Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 l0 z* Y: W& s6 U& Q6 k* h# Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。! j: h6 |: q8 G9 T4 N: ^& K" z
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/ Z4 G. ^1 [' I- `+ smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴' p* D) I5 X& h0 Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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