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* D% I5 } q' R+ m' b, Xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, ) ^" V/ T% {* A1 V宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 6 u2 J" u$ e$ k8 @- P3 H2 ]1 Y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- c# B& A8 t j"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, ) {7 o/ M* L- T8 [ I6 p宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,; u! V6 ~8 H8 A. qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
X' y/ e2 y2 w"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, 0 |6 }& `; O E( t
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
: ?8 M3 W" G3 Z( Y" P0 l7 j1 D7 w0 J4 lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, # }* C* O# _6 [$ g& ~/ H. M4 k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, % [8 v9 I: K' Z# [# \* Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' ~; k$ \9 e5 |% n+ T: a) n"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 8 @! O( z; Z; Q
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 9 \8 B: O! N) |7 {
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,, {) ~$ H( _* L5 \1 @0 |
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ U$ q. t6 z" W) X宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 5 _# F+ @' [" e3 q3 ^
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 8 Y9 z; f2 p, \$ v/ {
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"Times New Roman"">前者为因, : f' _' D! G. K! O9 Vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 5 V/ p0 m5 V B. k, ]
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"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, ( m' V1 o! W6 X8 d4 w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, ) C9 d2 j+ W, W6 c1 h3 A
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3 C; i: x! W, @- i( B b"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, " O/ `! W0 m* A3 [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: " f4 T2 N& k; o0 o4 `3 X+ k
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F! J0 U0 g: r, B; |; O1 n"Times New Roman"">“ : a9 `( C# R" Y4 u% S! h' I6 c
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” 6 ~0 Q \& q, d5 v
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, ?9 p5 ^/ |6 r
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"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:" p8 M4 p5 t3 a7 A8 K( q. l
' D) n7 i0 `8 A7 w$ d2 Fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。 3 e r. c5 z x$ w
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"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
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"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 6 O5 ]3 `, l e! i% P/ hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 ' e* d, [& M* b$ U mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里$ \' h/ I$ U1 h, o8 b' @, C9 D
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 % a* k& o' O9 `$ c- z7 X
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(% }2 \2 c8 D! Q% v b宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), ; i' ^! N8 p* V" [4 q. v6 g
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"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用6 U' p6 X! ~4 V/ F$ |) D8 W# G5 u4 @12.0pt">, - S) o! a, Y4 W4 ?! }
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, & W+ A4 [- E6 E/ Q: Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ V3 X$ Y1 ^8 I+ ["Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, # l" j% \9 Q: k. Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!( M% L8 X; g$ Z5 s, L宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, ' W7 n, s+ Q7 v# r# i2 G+ M/ ^
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"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: % O7 g7 \ F( F0 F4 x
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, * {. @' W' z* u) a) P* ` u& W宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, * B, d+ Y6 u6 V% I) z. V1 {- s I1 E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ r, F3 A) j' G) J"Times New Roman"">“ & J# N. A% M% B% Z a/ y% L: Omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”; m9 P, K3 F2 T' K c N2 h
12.0pt"> ; [" J- f9 M0 t5 a. e/ p# C: O"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。 ! _$ K+ n2 U9 t( x# u/ M: j# v% t
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"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 3 f" q% w6 B: \4 j( g
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, G! F* \8 J7 z% Q) i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, # b# @8 `5 @" X
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"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ ( E' H) s) e3 f: Y
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 6 b! _# k/ q) n6 R6 k5 E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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% d0 {- o, o5 H" K E4 e3 E"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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% y' D4 b- _2 H6 J+ f( k E0 [7 F9 Y# {+ fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, % B2 w3 H7 O& ?$ j6 V5 k( O宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, 8 s) M( a3 t" G; e2 _
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( a) \1 H; O* |/ a5 r, b: l2 ^. a
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, C" t% {* t4 A6 C8 \
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"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,- b2 ^' l" c$ {* ?宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, % L7 d: w0 {0 q( ~8 J, Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ B8 b& c( _& o
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题& L. Z8 p& A7 ^/ t6 R9 i9 K/ A
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: % G4 M+ R' H& w# v. R* l
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$ P. {9 Q# e! o, |"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才5 T6 I# W! c& U7 R, l12.0pt">, % ] C6 q# n8 |6 p5 N* y. F
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, 0 \; C# J# j/ s# R9 ^; k' ?
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
) L. q: ^! {/ ~& s2 I) @2 U* w"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 7 z! o) {2 s& @% s! x4 c
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 3 S3 b3 I8 Z! V
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, , M8 `: g7 i+ V) o X2 q# ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:4 b% O( d: a c
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题" b4 J( M/ ~" y: T4 D* G$ q9 y
12.0pt">; : y6 h6 c! ~4 \"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, / H; S1 d- z3 L# ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% P( O# x1 Q9 u Q, X5 I
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求. U7 @0 P' [/ X1 `9 B6 ]12.0pt">: # O: y' U" E' i: |1 {) V4 G"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; % ?* u) ^* \3 A6 Y# A8 X( zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. b) X! b4 l3 s"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, , M# I$ d! {+ L7 x. h3 E
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, $ P3 Z- A/ D- V) G' G' C% Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' b5 G- W; j6 d* \/ K"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统: v7 W1 E! |( d7 P: X: n
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ + C- j @2 P' f+ S2 c
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” # r) F% g6 C( F宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 # h+ `3 ]6 F2 Z# k v: n
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> ; b2 K7 L% U/ E) V' B宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
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4 o5 e% X% ?% f9 O; c5 [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
1 ^& r+ B3 U) @" J! p" {: W7 _! a% p% l) \3 M( F( Z; Q0 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) s/ k3 G2 N3 G8 z3 {
"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构 6 t6 [6 E# t/ z1 H; X
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, h) L( w4 C5 U1 h9 |3 T7 L# bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, " x. s! L, Q; f; x8 S1 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% B! `8 c& [ X: B2 z; T
"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, ; V# P" V# ]. L( i宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 8 o0 N* s! h* a/ @5 f: K) X+ D* a
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 `! Z/ a0 E9 q; X# x' T. y+ R"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,( `, a9 O+ K: g) U$ O
& ]$ w4 I6 t! ?2 tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 4 a" y. a1 n/ O1 |7 m7 g: Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
Z+ m# q6 k; F! ^1 }) s"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, & f9 m% O1 s" I \4 U) N1 Y% [2 m
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 0 h7 {1 e& c( ]8 l. t5 }2 L
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: . k! H8 v2 p: w2 w
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; v' O$ `3 q. c
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, # ^: C3 B, m/ E) W0 M2 @mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, " D3 d1 Q* _% X9 s4 O' Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 w2 ~, d, ?2 M6 C6 p$ Q' w( w
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, ) H' y- x, p6 W" p
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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9 ^; Y- W) \8 U0 f7 r6 vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,3 s8 i' P8 | ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' @0 G9 S6 F# |3 x; O0 Z, d
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定 u8 s# p8 P* A- J' a1 d9 E* Y
12.0pt">, + B0 S" `) u j9 p5 D8 k
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 6 @+ Q* N8 @4 d2 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 w6 Q! W5 e9 M% H"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:7 w1 q8 T3 c! O4 Q# jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, % H. d( W4 m/ b3 A0 U; o: A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, : M( \6 \8 r- w( m
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: G7 t" K$ |& X; D4 W- a
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, ) _. h" M& q7 w6 Pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, - K& _2 M. \: d- t' p8 h
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: E& n: A; B: X2 x' V2 y* i
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: ' L- R$ G6 l! ~7 m宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ / ~5 U. p& S) o宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 9 v. s, S" J- X+ d& q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 s- R. P7 \& M+ q"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
