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& `$ E" [) |9 `5 @, X7 WTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网# [7 x2 M6 U' i8 g5 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ/ C: x5 w( z5 o& K, y" k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。: y8 ~* e3 I0 p: l! M( s+ l. V
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* {6 r# S, C( I- cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：" ]7 r$ z* `3 e7 F1 b: J4 x
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5 d* T1 [" R! g7 c; Z! Q/ \. ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第, ]. N% E- V+ _) i4 v9 F) A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：2 P/ K0 s7 _/ q& M/ c, Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' v9 Q3 U7 l1 l6 D7 O
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; `- Q/ z# E2 z3 b6 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。* k7 z7 J8 G8 D6 l6 V
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$ E0 ^4 O& e" _+ Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：3 \" ^3 S( j+ [% ^8 K+ U: f( Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“! y" H- _ P% ]/ z3 D1 R- I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。0 k- F9 A4 y/ acolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 E! M6 P: F; oTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;# J) ^' u/ B' g5 `: l7 u8 m! t! n
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+ I# F3 T v' Amso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？- U ]4 S# _$ s; J
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- `3 X& K: ~' Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 y! y( N+ J+ G6 ^6 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 J9 E0 m0 T) n% Tmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
8 r- c$ d- B9 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。+ }. X1 f1 [* u B
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1 E2 E) F. ]' z- |' J( G& [$ d% wmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。2 z0 k) m. s6 U! j( K& z$ D
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7 s. i( A9 h" \: L0 g- B! ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：1 j# k- f+ Q) g) s' `3 N10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) w! h" h& s3 u( Y5 H( N8 d: ymso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
3 Q; K7 j1 w/ x3 |- _+ ^" ^$ A" `mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。' S7 U# c" X: p10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" r3 r2 g; C' ~' x/ d4 \6 Lmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
$ Q; V% g+ d" p0 F7 y! l: q5 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：' r' J e' T7 G, E5 e0pt">"& v; ^3 {9 Q, k8 E ?* gmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:& a5 }9 X2 d% [. ]" Y; ]- u
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。9 s- D/ ?2 l m2 w% M8 H+ k& N; t2 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"" n: E, {5 v6 w- K* g- P S4 ]
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1 O, `" R( B$ \. N; d$ c, p6 R% Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：: B# Q M* N" w9 ~/ U' Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"' [; ~/ s7 C6 `4 q2 V) N
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/ R9 l% Z5 f- w Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢! k$ Y& y. V' J/ Z3 [5 P) `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 R) K2 h" D* } y; M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。# \9 F. I n) ^: X v# ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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. _' ^8 _+ m: s# Q# _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是! o7 ~4 S+ f- y2 Z: d% ~0 @: a
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% K t7 _1 e& C6 p. f7 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违/ Z# U1 `$ M0 J& Y5 X* S! u* ^, i# N10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' w, c6 n: [7 {( w% i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得/ @$ k, C& s7 T i0 m7 X
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1 G7 } b U( b/ Q: J' d2 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违0 L# i& X4 Z; i# _
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2 U4 c5 h3 Y9 @: O- |/ J5 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲3 G% b8 k0 [) G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，& A, T! q# M' S" mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ Y, y7 N) y4 F) z
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) R: K5 f! t7 X; v8 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ p. F5 n2 X S8 [& ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 i$ P3 f1 G% s% Y+ f. efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& \# v! i# }+ p0 X8 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。7 N+ `8 D* Z5 g+ y6 F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。" y/ e. |5 e0 L/ C6 b
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8 ^- L0 I& D# I( O9 j' ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义7 y4 |3 y& ]! ~5 |' e. _/ z# Z. Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！. B8 }* Z n* |& z% R
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1 A/ ?% ~! |6 k% r" E a( hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。7 h, a4 [( L8 k+ j
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9 T9 r, v5 h7 b$ }9 ^5 U, JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述) L* F% a# y7 e' N* i' r: Omso-font-kerning:0pt">2. s9 s6 Z* Y/ D1 b) j$ Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" N" x( `3 S6 c; b5 j: N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊; Y) y% H- ]9 ]0 ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。4 a. X8 f# X4 a/ J. {* [: b z i% mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。8 ]1 J7 f5 Z5 z6 [+ J5 K8 X0 b; o
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, q8 c5 h+ ?% E% ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。6 y# p' ~+ }% Z( Z* w- @mso-font-kerning:0pt">——* _6 {/ F( }0 |1 n/ J- u4 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 _" Q& B& F' X" t, O
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：) ]7 ^9 h8 K- a1 K5 G2 i7 K5 S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。; }0 y; [- Z; _, w9 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( J; V( L6 ?0 j4 I7 W4 R& d/ q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个8 \ ]" m, H' k( ?+ W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬' k! r2 q. y+ O% }. G6 |' p1 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为& A7 Q, F7 i3 r( C$ z% w" [6 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% c1 R" W+ J- \7 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& N( `# k, R6 s; m8 g" }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道3 z6 c% S0 S5 x: @. q' r, H% `
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& e/ M" X) t2 N$ h+ D5 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。 D4 N6 x: P5 f. V6 R5 g/ Q
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5 w0 p y. }% Q. N8 K z% t5 MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的! [5 ?8 F9 u3 b) x' A" s4 J
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6 i+ ~6 t8 R$ d. g9 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺 N, l. B9 W0 T8 {- g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思( `5 e k& I! Q8 G0 t5 a
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