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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 6 {7 H- W, k0 e2 v* C$ Vmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:' w, z) Y: q1 K' O9 r, X: ?# ?& k
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2 c9 Z6 n- P$ d; D# Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">1# m7 D, Z) S$ S, V0 Q( D( N \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。8 [7 e. j- }" q9 z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。6 ^0 |: z- {# U( W1 c* f" G4 v' e
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3 Y+ D2 W f+ _6 X: c% o5 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。" B5 Z3 A* o4 m2 z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？3 C4 W' `' g& l$ J0 o0 ` X
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9 d* P' e _0 [+ @9 f: uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。2 S1 l# B+ i/ O# T0 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( s7 R) s" }7 x& M' }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服# W& ~9 \ {" b; `- l. U5 Z$ K
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8 j! ^# x X/ g6 J3 ]: H- KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢7 }- u1 _' x# }' t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。3 Y% w& \ P s1 n5 I) N/ I$ l( O
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" n1 x+ Q# p3 e& c$ OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白* j& N: C0 S) y7 `mso-font-kerning:0pt"> , |: c0 a6 Y1 P" E
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, R* h8 v: a# b6 MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学- }4 d U% Q3 o9 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; r8 c2 ~* j* L% S4 J( K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么/ W: K7 A: X5 k; t. emso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ U# x9 a9 k l M" X) I& w
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! S: ?; u# \& H" d, P/ }" @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？8 ~6 F9 l" f) x/ \2 ?( m0 z* w
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$ Q! u1 k) K% J$ n; z. t/ tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚, Y) f. N7 O$ [mso-font-kerning:0pt"> : y1 \/ Z7 s% z' y# k: y/ k
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！! h$ t! f/ h$ p! c0 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假( r# ?4 a% k6 M+ |6 A; A8 d7 B: p# Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是5 o3 w4 j1 l) Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& ~0 q% m# u+ Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 m3 |* Z$ Y' r/ l9 g. X; K! d
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$ @4 p2 b/ a Q. t! ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。' i% ^9 J- y6 i7 c) l. O$ Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“, I- t7 D: m/ s8 t/ J" Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, N c) d( O, b' H7 o- M' e1 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴# d; k" U0 M9 S+ i2 m' e1 e5 omso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 l' ]9 j. s* p4 h" ^! V9 @0 M! f# L1 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. R1 M0 {6 j* ?/ W& ?9 P& ^# F6 }% M
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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