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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 1 N6 d0 M- [1 D8 q- m0 u
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! @" e/ V5 U- Y5 o# k$ u* ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">1- g5 h( p# ]- Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) S m( N( K' ~- R3 Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：' L* ?& G3 M( Z. X# Z: W7 x
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- F$ T7 c' C( {* e1 z0 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。4 B% d! ]9 `6 N: H: k3 P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。, F- U8 L8 k/ ^* _0 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( z X) Q% p9 U s; R" a7 q. Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。) B6 K" `% D5 K: L
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？4 d( {4 a4 E2 r7 T) `& z5 n6 i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。& o$ x: O7 Z0 M. qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 P9 D& ` @* |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服+ q7 r/ w$ e* c8 S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢( f. C8 W9 C% j; |2 U" k
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" U8 U3 [; A2 W3 C1 g! M$ [; W0 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服0 c9 ~ i6 y. |" ^/ a2 T5 o
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2 @, L0 I# i7 `5 U# |1 W" G$ V+ emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新9 @ `' z- ~$ ?' r3 u% L9 }4 w
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9 V% G% p/ B/ p% Z# n& nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白+ o3 I+ y& R8 B6 f
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1 `7 y- Z0 l" v$ g! }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学7 I3 C( w" `) G: i$ E; Zmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 H# T* m& E5 s2 x
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4 N. r E' v( j0 z, V5 a7 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么5 L4 H2 e) Y' ^5 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——% |8 D+ a: w2 K+ ?; `& sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" {/ _/ j' @8 n+ Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？$ V$ S5 B0 M1 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。0 H% |7 D) T- I; g! U0pt"> & r9 A7 t- F4 ~; B* W6 J9 fTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;. }) G8 C( G& {& L q0 J3 x5 W9 q
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”+ j- ?2 G" |/ l4 v9 A% W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说9 f6 ?+ c1 }' ^9 n$ H1 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。( m. Y) I0 ]1 T: z9 b8 d
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. ]( V9 m& X( L" D8 P2 T/ Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。2 J/ \/ `% x9 M1 C" n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善; L* r" P3 z* p
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- k0 `1 ]6 b$ MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚$ _7 L1 n: d: L- ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, x' c- P1 U7 M0 v* ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！4 h0 y, L( ?' _& V3 k0 _mso-font-kerning:0pt"> " A. F4 R& I% W3 V2 U* ^
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! p" U8 C5 B( ~5 vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假% @' U' l; N+ P8 S% X' Wmso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ {- J K6 O8 T+ M% ?8 V( g7 K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是9 [- `7 Y+ Q3 o+ t. ?8 ]% Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“' p' A- m( f# ^" i& `1 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; y$ V) ~5 [2 b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题( E( H% e+ G9 R7 ]( [: Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”- F# ~' ^9 `" v8 E
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7 r# i, |; l4 k. _+ i" smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。+ h/ z' A+ k6 I4 _& S2 L- i& |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ S1 B6 [+ z5 v; z3 B7 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 t. J" e b. ]; m
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴! r* N0 {( a8 O D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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