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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： # b1 f# m V! K/ H# |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2 `5 \( {$ R) J$ U* X6 Q
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5 W! e" }0 @5 f* I& m$ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。# v9 d4 _4 H; D a9 u3 f; M$ u5 W; fcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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3 |% M0 H2 L' [ J! A. ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。; Y, M( M% W$ a& t/ Y$ b( [, P
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' M5 q/ {$ J( D3 k9 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。% O; F5 W6 |! S: B# R+ B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。9 v; c0 k! L# W: t: [$ T9 {! u
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服8 V, A; q% x _ Q2 \mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 O6 H2 ~- S* |* C9 T6 C8 b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢( j" W" z. k3 H+ v1 kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * q. l* s( v c7 I8 E7 g# [8 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服+ ]- \9 g3 j4 J7 }- {
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: f0 t: T/ r( R( O# ]6 d$ Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的. m& ?6 ]$ M9 g- J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。 @/ X2 ~# X) }, _0 D# D$ s H" T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新! I5 W+ D) Z$ K2 A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白/ }; k: k; L8 O$ q |! a2 O
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! Q' R" `% x3 A6 s9 bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学: |4 m4 `) r) F" \4 L- Y- ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么4 [8 Q& @6 w5 f/ G' a- r! `mso-font-kerning:0pt">——# F6 ^- Y% E% ^# D1 G L2 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？& O6 K" T* W) H3 B1 i# j4 @' Imso-font-kerning:0pt">——( ]( Y3 p/ y. L9 G4 D# Q3 t/ G E
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, i* s: x+ J. I5 m. s# dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说" U; \$ Q2 s. x- ] M7 ^- @
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊 u6 W; Y2 d0 ^8 G' @# |' C
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+ g/ A( ^- Z9 m& WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚- b8 V3 e) `; ~( I5 I
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* L/ L3 d6 J6 h$ g2 Z; m$ k6 x, WTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：4 J# g9 w. @6 K1 M z5 T5 `
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9 k$ v0 d( Q4 v4 l& {! ]* o0 X3 l# F7 ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！1 p: V% L2 o- O9 J: w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假2 o: L- ?3 `4 S+ J* N& A3 S+ h o
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; \" w: v' j8 j4 {) j4 [6 n7 GTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：7 D) T* F5 S' x& L8 L" C0 W0pt"> 3 Q: ^2 a" s6 S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是" o' U/ o$ T, ~6 |& x) cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- L+ g9 z* q( [5 E! i& ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题# t+ @2 n) B* Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 Q/ I& ] v; C2 k4 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. e4 b D x, `7 }$ A' K6 c. Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。# {$ f& S5 [% B7 q" R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴3 E V- Q+ e, c; \" ]3 O
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* S. p( O) [! |; ~& O6 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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