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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) _+ u. a# z" C8 u
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% E9 L9 P6 e) D5 G7 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：6 C( d5 Z9 M! K* j( [( f
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0 h- M' V0 P2 H/ Z. |! V; y. a8 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。, l& B, ?, h' t' V- Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。) `6 U3 n! T* S# smso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 T) P E6 g! X; D! Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) l. r$ ] h/ P5 {% h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经$ o+ b" E; o1 r* c) z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。: f+ |+ W; _& m8 [
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* |. `2 `' _8 I( e+ U1 D5 zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：% V3 c r' C. e9 w- w
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' N& [9 q5 M8 P* emso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是 j# ~1 k9 f. [3 N2 Q7 u5 y& P0pt">‘2 Z- q8 ^! M6 \: `7 [0 jTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
# ~: d1 F3 \( _8 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。( _* o* R0 n! }& r
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3 [# D# l6 m9 V( A$ o- f+ K& NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？% z+ u1 W3 g* X6 q9 R4 K4 ^& s
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d- N# T$ A0 t' L' [6 iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，: G3 a- a! {) c8 |$ v. K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。' [% m+ ~) {+ p; v8 }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐7 U1 l! `* ?/ U5 r4 n10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 P2 C; X7 q9 {2 Tmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;2 ~! Q l, L: l& K5 |
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$ [; _' @7 x; E5 p O" [mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种6 `" k5 [6 Q4 G; p$ I$ W; z! g
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* A _7 }$ j4 W$ F, y7 p" Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的8 d5 U( T+ h5 n) n/ }
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9 A% H' q: h6 N9 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言， p" P. ~4 S7 j% rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& v0 C4 _' ]# w# I7 u" z! b5 z
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, t9 d: Q8 E4 U" {% Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教, J# ?: q1 O% @" d7 r* Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ H0 H2 A0 S& K0 e
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5 i; i8 ~( z: W) Z9 w8 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。1 h8 O: P8 D5 Q% rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# E7 V2 ~; b& W, ^/ O0 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌& ?* s4 @! ?9 y' f' W
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' M" B) w# j8 T2 ^8 g8 {* Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视- F' a8 `/ u9 _3 t- J1 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“, P% e1 V1 X9 ^/ J7 p- L( D) f# F
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/ t3 W3 R" J9 u4 \" X6 b$ K3 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：: R3 r: L" ^+ o5 A1 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。7 b% B4 [) ]' `0 E7 @9 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. S$ m2 l6 N: c- Q
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( Z# Z# m! Y; T- ^/ s2 e' ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# j: K& y% C( }9 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">•2 h% S! l& v- _/ B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）/ U) @, J9 R& r: s' ]7 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 U+ B8 T% r6 N/ |$ N3 F( I' d" ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ z: R, x, ]4 I8 t- P. z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。' E- ~' V5 ?# s1 n4 r
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8 c( \8 B& \& l3 i% K1 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# X) N5 \* y q! Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">•# L" W# E" r% m8 _( `/ Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. {/ v7 t3 @' V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过0 X# K" a8 N* R, ^) B; Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“* }: l' Y' L+ B: gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 p% x& f# R8 d9 M' J Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨( x4 }2 }) n9 d8 J7 J4 y3 Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人8 {- Z0 `7 ~7 D1 \" m2 D
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3 x. s3 o& k4 d4 A% @3 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪( g5 L! u% w% p/ L4 G; N/ `/ b+ e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。/ Y! n* a; F2 a& U+ x. ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。' K \7 }0 B2 F! Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ ]* m% {, I! Y) k V; Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' H# M7 T1 p4 P* H9 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。7 \3 T5 w$ _4 i L' |mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) b8 p0 c. ?' }" L" V
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# v3 u8 S' S9 xTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英9 [# [* A2 {% ~; f+ M8 V0pt">： 8 r( P# Q W& k& w: B$ A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。- q# d+ R# G+ ~9 a' h! [. a% c
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 `1 Z) i) M& M. L e' K7 d. z! c
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0 q# j' h+ }- D P9 ^; i5 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃4 G; @, s# V/ o) q% Z \
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4 C! q6 |2 C% z0 ?4 D; a* rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批! `& z" K1 l" x. G h2 Z; r) M. kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' Y" R, A) A8 L1 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' Y' H* z7 d% E- H- z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”3 ^" q0 w2 i# P6 x4 ^0 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。$ \# f8 J* j( @9 i3 D8 R) n
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# W) d8 L& f. _6 d) X, i$ [: Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。- p& o' W* Y0 _4 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ X" y+ t+ I: M _
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9 {" F# C+ v) t, xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于9 V- B0 l j/ X+ Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 |! Y; B& r# W8 W$ I+ a0 `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观9 {5 e& h8 h0 M# E5 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 y( k/ a) n! O* Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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( x3 l3 C6 j: v' tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群7 {5 V& F* T& u1 @4 {9 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% M& [. L/ M C
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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$ j: U7 @ b" _: ?, [; B) Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨1 b1 L7 l" P* S- {+ M W$ x& qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ F( S. L' g& k9 b0 w+ t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓( [ ?- k( N& T" B8 a$ q+ d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴: F" _/ {* | ?5 b( Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 c) b5 R b, y' Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 s G3 J; V ] s' K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓: y G, j4 v) X0 ]+ s
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" ~ Y* U2 w- ^) n w- y5 R. X0 W7 Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 k3 x, o3 \& U; j; J smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观0 j9 f( b4 d7 ^" `+ a8 L8 k
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, d& T H2 v9 ~7 u5 Q: H! t Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓7 q0 N& z( Y! V8 D" s! t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群/ j2 q* o( X7 v* F: r' Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) t* @' x9 c0 [$ u/ p8 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; F; y- W5 m4 H. K. u
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓! b4 f# j# M/ b! `. y) i/ ~9 {
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% X4 `5 o% D$ ~2 O" y& n3 L, P: kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨4 z" p( t7 {* ~& T- S3 {! s* J Y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 C$ Z2 k$ {; R: o. F4 Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% u3 b3 p$ I! C+ b# B# a* }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼# ~3 h& w0 }( M0 ], d2 D! d9 }
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4 d% L7 p% V7 C8 h& `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤3 z. Z& r4 J/ H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语0 G1 t8 r, A' b' M& D5 Z3 K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能( s( ] Q2 R( }: W* _! |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒/ Q- i0 N+ Z! z8 E, g( P$ ~
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7 U; m* L. K/ x; O$ t% t& Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹5 ~1 [# W1 @6 N7 s" q& Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">.+ U8 }* W) E6 z7 h- I$ zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- r1 a% U _ b/ A' l& N- U4 E
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人' V) v! S) T* O, ~3 i ^6 ]% q
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0 S7 D. Z) r U4 A6 z# o, H0 Z3 r5 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。& x X3 @* U3 w. O& r) a" \
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% [9 M. E8 ]# m; u- ?. aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。: V9 H( `. K) Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">' L/ e& i! t Y5 Y+ I
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3 {- ^/ X2 O" u- D/ J9 C' l( tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。& M/ x) a9 e0 U4 y; R0 d- r9 _6 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱. w4 B% W8 ^8 ]' R' v Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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