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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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9 o1 n- B- n! v* H" B2 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第5 O, X. q9 e( m; B7 E0 umso-font-kerning:0pt">2. c9 j& Q, g( j. _- b3 f+ ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# D2 O/ K0 p% F: `
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2 h) \1 x4 c7 Q+ Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% o( G- S, ]: \' q
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; j6 v3 L8 c, ` Q: xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。3 H2 T0 Z1 B' A( smso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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5 W4 C5 ?' [7 \7 V9 Q2 MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。9 `5 ~# p& W: e( K. Z: `
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5 H' J7 F' ?: F) Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经 h1 q4 j% _& I1 x" h- j$ |1 M% Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">•1 Q- [. [( i8 a1 a
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" @5 P4 v& Z0 `' |5 t+ b% m" rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。4 t' r+ H" [; H- y% Y" ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是( b# T7 a1 x# C1 T. H, v" I5 @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？* q d& T5 j4 L# Q; e0pt">
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3 I7 @- z- o3 m( NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，" M8 w8 V% P9 N6 E! r# j
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1 s1 g5 E6 }! z* N+ Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。: \1 ^ S0 b1 B _. X' m" Imso-font-kerning:0pt"> * @/ b* B4 j3 f- Z, j9 ?0 ~2 v
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$ c5 p5 D4 t9 D3 a0 c6 zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：! K" @7 E1 `, o6 ]0pt">“! x5 K4 X6 m4 Z) U) t/ T
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3 \' V6 B: l+ r/ m. [$ L9 X6 M3 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐0 b* Y' T9 F( S! Z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ G9 {9 X H0 ^5 u5 R4 ?mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* a# ~5 [6 T2 Q3 m ]; R
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! `4 P$ u0 F |# ~4 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种8 n! N5 O# g, d7 k2 q+ y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的8 M0 f* ~4 v9 ]% r/ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; v) H# {' \# ^$ m2 ]
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( }7 v1 k/ y; `, s5 t4 C) n* emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，, q D5 g, o! @$ L& e1 J
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; w8 X1 d$ A2 O9 k9 p% h* ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教* X/ D( o1 q+ `; Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 k6 i+ |6 G" y8 N& d: H* J/ ?4 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% C" Q$ B3 m) b! N- @1 F8 j
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5 T+ x* w8 v6 H- hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。' \' D/ l" W" v4 V. wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌8 O; i9 ~5 n4 O$ A) U0 e* {mso-font-kerning:0pt">3057 d% z- L2 `$ b) yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* h8 I( C2 B9 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视) c) A" O8 ^) |4 ~$ L4 [* jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: E9 w2 e5 Z0 q& q: I$ b. [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：/ F5 J, y( [0 W5 W; O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。* S& q8 ?6 o }" H O3 [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语5 K' u9 G9 j3 K1 b( u V' Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">•% G1 b# {* o& C; T3 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。+ c% r7 A1 x' f* T& P2 B ~9 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 B! U+ y- |. U F8 I
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. j4 X' w9 Q5 D. @( Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过( x( t, ^- `7 \$ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 K% [2 J! v' Y, k) l) S) Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" q$ C% B* O3 C/ F
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨2 W* |6 f) q+ c Q7 P" Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">” ?, C3 k# L4 U0 y, L1 }/ W' vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; _5 Z' o' r9 T! s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人1 u7 J4 S4 W8 U% t/ K7 i9 ~( _ o/ hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' L* X' `' l- B2 @6 q9 D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。& m6 _6 X: r' _' {8 b- Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">" Z# U! ?4 c7 K. e7 q8 r6 ~
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3 X" D+ L2 m& ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。& q& R2 ~' K3 c" wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。: B( l3 Z5 Q% l: k! T
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y4 ^. i; Y/ ?% V# T# O4 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃- Z8 Q1 O5 B9 ]- H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了” q4 p* r' [$ C: Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ e5 I% Y- @* F7 j o
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4 M- l! z; t3 S; J. Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。4 t* t3 E( P/ A r' E: Fmso-font-kerning:0pt"> , V) r( }+ F( r9 N
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" [" V e% y4 r3 C/ e. umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。5 O! a; |1 p7 s; ^1 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于4 t% V( V: J2 x" ~0 v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观4 F9 B5 P* M3 r! v2 d2 V
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& j) V6 v% h4 x0 G& ]# Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨$ @0 h& L+ z# U# a% g0 R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓" [0 }) E) G& u, w. Q1 A$ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 E, F. t2 \- I. h3 R" X, Q8 b {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 ~: k H( j8 b. j$ ^: \, q
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o/ F1 o2 j9 `8 f9 u `4 ]8 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓$ V ?( D6 `& h7 Y; |' b1 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观/ V. j1 p! i: G$ f! M+ p W' l5 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# c( j/ \- R8 H0 ]7 t( u
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9 p' b& V H0 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓) P% g2 E, g, }& c; }& Q6 T& umso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 R3 @& @) S& _ }. s% |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; ~: x) Y7 }2 y( K# ^
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群3 L% V$ v5 G% W2 umso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 T. z& s+ a% s) ?' I+ ^) b8 W/ l
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" f9 j- l. K* E! N7 u4 |# }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓$ ?3 ?) i+ l v6 I( g
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 d/ T+ o$ B+ E6 x+ U# e5 M+ Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨' I. r! `2 e# S. Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 N8 B4 O4 Q4 l: w9 h" c0 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! T G1 V+ l5 Q% t$ b, i3 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼: T: A: m' ]% l2 Q9 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤7 D( P$ ^9 i# j) M4 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ a# n. _. h2 }) p/ [1 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( r( q/ ^1 ~1 s# r- K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语9 g7 }& Y+ t* V$ wmso-font-kerning:0pt">.8 A. _" n; ^! N* y) |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能; P3 x0 H! R, i I0 c# h: l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒4 l d& w! h( ]2 N% m4 @ w; o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人% m- S: k! j0 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪2 ^. V$ D0 \8 k- ]! fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, z, L' S/ |) r8 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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$ F! ?1 X3 `4 a8 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。4 |5 O* _: j, J" I4 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' y6 e+ e- r. Z
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# w& Q. P0 k5 R" TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。) x7 Z& [, b6 P5 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">1 _, q& U/ [% W% G* C9 kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! ^# Y- A2 b9 i- b0 `0 h% {% S
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* n8 ]; _) _* H- s X0 ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理2 s, N1 z j6 g6 _/ w; g0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。& |. r6 K* u8 D6 V# A6 o7 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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D( F* ~; J. ~: s9 O+ ~" H1 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧# I# I3 l' D3 X y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
