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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, 6 a4 g3 Z6 Z& B宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, / O6 B, s7 w' w2 w; bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:4 o! U( s+ P: N& M9 F h3 S
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, $ {3 H, m7 z7 d* z8 d) `2 O
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,2 s4 [5 B, |* O% ^# ~, R
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"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 + o; Y, |% C9 X: A3 V8 K$ M
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, " C6 m7 Z0 F* z' T; a# [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, ( W6 z" I! {! r( tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- r. f. }7 J: r9 L0 m" B7 [
"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,5 n* |) n4 a9 } j7 P# I. V
7 `4 g; J3 C; c* \% |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, ' p% q$ O. W9 u0 g9 S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, 8 K1 {2 A/ B. k3 U3 p5 n; @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ B A$ |! c3 h! ]3 q" A
"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, ! \) ~0 P, Y3 c/ V/ a9 y( c) J4 A9 hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, $ ?/ @; U n ~
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,
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# z9 R0 W; p9 W"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 3 _/ T- R5 u! `$ j U4 h+ P
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 5 F# ]9 P& o' O6 D/ L) K: @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” 0 @; w& d* x4 M& m( y6 Q" Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 8 J2 T& v1 H8 C3 V5 ]. [
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 9 U9 [5 A& v. r' G宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 2 z9 S6 l& ~. G- E. C; jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( B2 Z- r2 `% Y; |6 Q2 ?/ o u) n
"Times New Roman"">前者为因, 5 K a' E4 V( R! @mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 2 s& `. m' B/ Y# x: a2 j Y7 B
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"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,- }1 l" ^* _" w; p6 c3 c% a( c
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, 9 E1 Y7 V. r, _! U' c3 Q4 _. n宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, ' o X0 ^0 O3 e0 p8 Y" l, C
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; o: N& t ^5 |4 G- u: T"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, , X) u- ^0 I9 @3 L
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: ) s2 g# X+ z5 @$ L; C. d& U2 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 M! D! l+ Y" [) B6 p V0 x% k
"Times New Roman"">“ * `0 f$ d" z& z& J! S& H/ kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? ' N) K7 }5 o9 T% R9 X4 f- w
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” 5 t1 C$ u, Y0 U% b* M- e宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, $ D# [2 ], m$ ?* h1 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, |3 W" }: S; @
"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:7 h2 ^3 N: F+ S- P- ^, ^
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。 0 z# b0 A, {- G$ {+ G9 s& I
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9 R$ L& C( P, Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 $ x# M3 G+ X, W/ ?宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 9 K* B. h0 R, vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
! V5 H n* a# f O"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
2 @ Z4 \# g* W! i! E: B& [+ \; a$ M* W4 u$ fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 8 S9 r( P L+ T% F4 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:: A5 A/ I0 Q2 c e( ]
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, / h( r( V. K, L f# imso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 1 t1 m, ]6 d9 A' v+ w. K/ t
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里9 b2 F) W; @/ p2 j1 imso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 4 |* w2 R9 w+ o4 i( b9 wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(& Y3 b# m) R7 M$ a3 f宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 3 \' Y" N- n& K7 b x
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"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用. |) P$ U0 _; G. \12.0pt">, * j3 _& k& \; W5 a
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, : h& F& I. n9 P9 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. v" m, N# I$ T1 N
"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 2 L- P' U, x0 r1 ^; ]9 L3 {9 L
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!9 E4 o# n9 A5 |. \. Q6 \宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, ' Y7 U& _" B3 b
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. W0 W) I6 ~* X/ s3 g"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: + r; e: z7 ~, t( emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, " ~9 ^. u9 e2 U1 g: \4 k$ b; W
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, + x( X' W% d0 N9 B/ S0 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”) _ _% K- T. w5 m( O8 R# M12.0pt"> ) ^ R3 h/ T9 ]( g"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。 ! c% z# G f: r. z) o; X5 v
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2 A! O6 w4 E0 Y$ T( r( xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, # i4 v |6 Q- L; }. I- j% J宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 7 H! |& F ?; I/ c( u( P. O ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 |; k1 V' r0 c1 z; L3 Z! z6 f! N
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, ( Y) N4 c, q5 I- smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, 5 @' z9 l3 O" x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, # G3 c) l; r1 Q- H) A! r
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"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ ; l4 _3 s3 G$ h) t( j* Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 8 v& V! o9 C7 c3 i, `! g. n
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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! P0 x6 M% [, q: M6 j2 W8 v1 I; R"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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9 D; F& G8 n5 Q' h. ^mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, ]' P: q$ ?1 x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, & N) w6 f1 I. X" u: `4 w
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. V. Z$ L( A" T( ~- v) _
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,' `( ]# ?" @3 i. B( {
$ ^; C1 }5 n6 T3 \mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, - J: G/ T+ @* _ @
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"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,1 N6 r3 [' M# T" V9 G" [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, " v2 Y# A' k# }% @9 [! L; c# _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' Q# G3 t9 c& P6 P1 u
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题6 ? T- v; q. Z3 A$ `
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& j: H/ b, p3 |, L3 r"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才7 D1 O4 l, z, D2 ], M
12.0pt">, / h6 z& u/ U$ G$ V) G"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, 7 _$ Q$ j. c/ _5 a M; cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# V7 f! }8 i% s8 d7 Z8 o"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; $ ^- G0 z* c3 z: }8 f* S
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 2 L [, X$ ?' g6 _$ N
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# j$ z' E$ G3 `"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题8 l9 r2 Y' P j3 |; q/ O2 v
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, ; U2 w) f1 r% V( Y' kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ ^- |% v: v5 z9 j0 U- V& _
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求' s1 ^* U; q3 L1 i12.0pt">: 7 b% E% W1 c5 ]0 E"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; % y/ G2 i/ Z; d6 b$ C% { Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:! }4 q; r! t- k4 w/ O
"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 3 M4 ` o8 d4 U5 f- f. j
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, % c+ c2 F* G. y8 D- `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& n ], J1 e! d, N) @: ]
"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统% k8 ^* _& |- f$ Q0 c
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% p7 C+ ^ l5 \, b5 c0 `mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ 4 A* y5 ~: U# l! `0 |宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” + b6 ~( Z9 b- ^" X1 l- K5 i" S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 / |) {6 x) H# Z# m" h
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4 |# r8 d5 W0 O H* @# B. g& v"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构 2 ]% | Q5 ?- N; L- Y
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"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, - M' M" P" M. P" M* ^
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, ) p) L9 b" k# |+ O( x
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/ F& S# G) D$ I: }"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
& v* X- k. C3 T" l/ O2 U% d* s! ~, U7 O2 bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, + c+ i, W3 N1 l# C% o
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"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, * r4 y: s0 R) G5 v I* ~
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, ; K- ?5 B+ V3 w' L4 T4 W. Z% A
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 5 f8 n0 {5 a; T1 |3 H
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2 u5 P0 |7 a* H! g$ X"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, + [/ j; E4 ?4 U$ F" a
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, % \, c9 E7 K1 g8 O# q; @0 g3 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 i+ d: U( G4 Z3 b) _. F
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, u z3 Q/ I1 J# g2 K宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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; \: e- } V. y7 n0 J2 x5 H" B" l3 F- u* Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,3 L, ~* r( _' U+ `' J/ s! e
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"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定8 M1 H8 t% j% d3 c2 Q9 E% l12.0pt">, , ~5 O7 W. B4 U' u$ X"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 3 S7 f% P+ {# D( k; k& `5 ~
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ P8 q2 V2 @# }" j, w4 l"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:, M4 M4 H0 b$ n M5 }! {/ n8 Emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, ' x( w5 x% |! ]: l2 P7 y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, + D' f0 w- s" H p: E+ Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ L( @$ ^+ v- {3 u, a8 V1 R
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, * Q, X3 v/ ?+ B# J* {/ [; G8 I: x" q
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 5 W% W: O' c+ u, w Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& x7 S' X4 y% i2 A
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: / X* G' N& u8 k" h) P% h
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, $ r0 k0 ?2 C1 f3 V
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"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
