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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网5 d% f3 P% b2 N5 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ0 Z' q% A+ x) {5 f } ?+ Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# L: d. |# h7 w9 A8 B- \! R6 e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。 s1 E& P0 w8 r( x6 M' o5 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! | }1 }3 I5 G1 h* R4 H( _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章： y0 R7 C; U& U& Z% \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：8 e; J# m; t, S: o2 n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。5 W1 q" O+ w: V" M! e7 \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：7 b' g( n# J, _/ y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。8 y5 d8 R- ]$ f0 G. Rcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 z! F5 U u: d! y- E: c5 ^Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;7 { O8 L) |7 U6 T8 _8 {
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：4 e4 e4 s5 T: A/ n5 `" Y4 T6 Y' V% gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ x) ?% ~4 U* R0 G( kmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？% p4 r8 `+ ?7 C0 @5 F9 d
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：$ [7 ?( ^# {* z" h0 U* Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“ p8 K& d/ D( ?+ t/ R+ E% Lmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;9 O9 V C$ {6 a
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。; q# e g& \& V. I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。+ h" o, @! e, S2 t+ m [) mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：( V# C$ i- |; F$ z5 v' W10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 V+ q+ G7 k+ [7 u3 U) p. P+ b
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。7 U6 i% J& V j8 X( J5 u- b
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：' w9 v, F% E) ^: @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。% z; G0 x0 V% ~/ r+ k5 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">"! n/ M! C8 }( @! q9 u# \6 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- ^: R3 ^5 j6 L3 a( R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：1 D9 V! T' k) I- \5 u. I* A% ?6 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢7 @& o0 b5 n8 m+ }5 ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：# c2 h* } I7 I! i8 O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。. `5 d: {$ |# A( Y/ g+ n4 m- s8 @' Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是# V/ x8 U U; ]1 ~* U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违" D: j4 {8 \+ G% Z& e
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得" \; z5 g4 A# t, F) L* K7 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' l" ^* A( E5 }( E5 kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违+ D" z& m- N% D8 u! r% j# S4 ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲* |9 k1 ^) S6 Z7 n8 {; Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: ~& g: j5 y# |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违+ ?, _2 [) j7 @/ Y8 K' n! k/ Z4 Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，7 C- J6 A' n8 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 `1 B( {: Y( M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。' N9 |* k+ _8 j8 n) Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">” O5 O; e& b# T$ c7 T' Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。* A( P8 X7 n* |; f* qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？/ n( i4 k$ ^2 u9 j9 @( M/ y! w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。1 F( s6 k r6 y4 x# R% pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：8 u: r1 H; C4 R- g( v) O$ Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义0 W5 u0 P( H5 X! E1 e" R7 ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！9 M8 B) Z- |, L: ~$ I6 T) I% zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——2 n, w7 G# U5 j+ ]' ^, dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- Z8 N8 a, z6 s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。! p* G3 V$ _- @* {# emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述) q* `. a+ o1 l$ S! M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊0 y+ U0 v6 a! S( o( V6 k
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。+ f9 X8 T4 h( L' F3 [1 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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