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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网, T# u# h% [9 W8 p1 I0 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ6 h0 W$ I( K% u) W0 n* s: ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" {+ S( `6 {- Q% Y' v
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。# Y! G* f* ~+ F& W1 G1 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：! z3 C5 ]" Y: O& T" ]6 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第" ]7 Y# ?" @, q: A1 J- g! D7 v. s8 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">5" ^: ]" u) C/ [; h8 Y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：1 A1 q. v, z3 z' w( emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：* e0 O6 F! j' y' d9 j5 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& L3 p9 x" t8 w# ^
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;2 T" `8 c, _. z
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。* g9 X" Y" w B% F+ m1 _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：% f, o7 P# {% }2 w0 A5 n2 `- N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。, F( |$ f" r* y' ]) n* H* ^$ c
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：; d: Z- s/ J( v: y: s. U. fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* I# l/ d; V- r& ~% |
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？( [. g& n. I2 F- x6 Q4 Z" h1 emso-font-kerning:0pt">”) i5 _1 l; c e% Zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：" k. }1 A l* }; E$ i' Q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 f7 T1 D9 t( Q4 v6 u, s! t# k0 h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。0 a' w) Q9 G! U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：9 V5 a: m, M+ v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。" |; ^* ]- w! K5 ]5 D: k10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 E+ O [& h$ Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：" p8 y+ H; M e; s" b7 r& M+ C0pt">": F6 t0 d3 C2 z Y, f. u! K
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:. O* n: F8 K& C% v* D- `7 \
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。6 ~4 ?7 M! c0 ^5 E
mso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 z) v3 z1 P4 S; C B. B" B9 Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：7 M3 X" p. J+ i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢7 }; ~) p4 }* U' k' X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：1 G* s( J2 T. u. ^4 Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。+ P+ \5 k( } G% w1 Q. u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是- I/ k# S$ d9 p- A5 ]. y! H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违2 b1 I, A5 ~4 u2 L+ s" m$ E10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" l* P9 {' i' i' j: mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, D! ?" K) Y3 l. {4 {, p
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得: J- g! s0 A8 d# u0 @7 N: R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违4 z& N9 Q: v, v* N2 D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲) h8 N4 {( }, D. @6 m% a* v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违5 F, Y( t9 K! v! A8 X2 X# t: d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，* m _2 H* F0 @/ u& R# x" @2 | T
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。6 r- e, h( t5 v6 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。2 y7 x4 R: v) e3 y7 I0 Q6 Q c* |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？& h; W+ p# [, L$ s3 I4 Y. Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。2 P- h( h% B$ D7 a y% d) n+ g3 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：1 _6 T8 n8 D1 c; r d4 k B R
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义' ^$ t/ `1 H% Q$ A. v
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！; Y, P5 Z- E4 X$ d! fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——2 o1 s- J1 R7 A) M6 ?3 e1 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。7 N1 c8 [/ a1 o* T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述4 g/ A, Y: e" i0 P% Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">2& b0 X0 _, Q5 R. ~' \# `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; j- @5 l! S, c$ [) ]5 y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊) _2 S7 r w O0 @# ?) X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。! ]: \# t& ~4 V# Y4 t
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