今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下：
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6 }$ N9 d( C9 T) \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 W$ d$ Q& \: n2 W4 Q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：5 `1 P' A$ R9 W9 B& lmso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 _( S/ N ~, u9 C) i
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+ l8 R0 `5 b7 Z! U8 omso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。! j% }3 m6 ~# ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。; K7 M( z# ? T3 |. Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。4 I4 Q* q; ]7 l+ ^- m K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？; |7 h4 |6 F+ Q/ |0 M
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1 Q: C; n0 N; L0 V2 ~! nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。$ z, b7 y- q6 k! r7 E( L8 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服: C) t M3 a2 V! h$ u' M% E) `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 @1 y% M: f, ~2 XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢& \+ Z2 ?) f0 U Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服7 O6 r3 |6 k- h5 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ l+ a- a! O) i( E& ]5 ? @) B
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" T6 I, I) p; U! k5 p- xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的& u/ k: M! x9 T. |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。9 k1 n' {2 A6 J }$ |$ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新) }# V3 l3 `+ u+ z7 S
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5 r9 r1 y: Z# V3 g! R7 pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白0 m, p+ t z, L0 C2 L! Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学, o# N3 {$ g+ ^+ L4 ]9 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ ?; e9 o+ ^/ `, m$ BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么2 _, U5 M$ f. Amso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ k/ U1 I0 n% q9 g# d
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: N$ c! _' z' W1 K7 f/ Q: vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？$ F( ]* Z( O" S3 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">——# E& Z. ?1 k7 v- Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ Q) R5 c8 V9 m4 |# G) i) B
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+ t3 E; m7 y( _( _: r4 `" |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”4 G9 U, g8 P2 P/ _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说( ?( P2 N8 m! c* U1 L* K& ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">": x* E5 O3 P7 c7 |5 Z' ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ r8 F) J" A* m/ y8 Q5 `, fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。% I M$ @9 _% C" Smso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ ~' f7 Y# ]; s# D# s+ Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 h, S1 i# U9 x6 L( ~9 a! [* A0 \
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' K5 c. o+ O4 G' f" }( W3 }" }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服* d$ M) ]: U& }! X0 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善9 Y) a7 i5 j9 M0 o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊1 b0 Y/ T$ [ K+ r7 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 B$ k0 F( }: l4 ~: G4 m" l2 z& STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚0 s2 S( L+ _! R$ ^" H+ dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！+ D1 Q. o' v+ u1 v, d3 j( J0 D
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9 x8 s+ j# r' ~3 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假+ X, N2 I2 M) ~* W' o$ ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是+ B1 g9 h# S, m: }' J9 C+ e
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4 |" E5 i6 K3 y& f& w( gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。! E' W' I& b/ H( d' p4 N; Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" ]9 B# z' }. k! M- a# L- Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 I7 k; r" D- p- emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴5 r' Z- [( N% T' {( Y# p! q
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( [. l' }( V. r* K6 nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">如果一个国家仅仅依靠法治来获得长治久安，这样的安既不是真正的安，也不是长久安，只有人民懂得礼义廉耻，知道为什么要采取法律的约束，懂得法治的观念，才能获得真正的治。当年斯大林可谓利用政令无所不用其极了，等到逝世，立刻反弹# g+ \& y; | ^# c9 r( Y* jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 L6 W: [! [9 I @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中央从当前领导班子和干部队伍建设的实际出发，突出强调选拔任用干部要坚持德才兼备、以德为先的标准。这一标准既强调了德与才缺一不可，又突出了德的主导作用，强调选人用人要坚持以德为前提、以德为基础、以德为先决条件。干部一旦失去3 c* {- A9 l, t" Z& W$ B
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/ f! s! E$ ]3 \4 m) hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德! }) X+ ?% H+ d, {$ _) |" bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 ]2 n" r5 n0 q* a$ q3 k$ Q
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7 i$ C* j1 l: z2 ?# d% R' gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就失去了被提拔重用的基本资格。大家一定要深刻领会，并以此作为自己成长进步的正确导向。在当前新形势下，干部的德主要体现在哪些方面呢？一是有坚定的理想信念，这样才能在任何时候、任何环境中，都站在党和人民的立场上想问题、办事情。二是坚持执政为民，这样才能真正做到为民用权、为民谋利、为民守责。三是作风清正廉洁，这样才能堂堂正正做人，干干净净干事，得到群众拥护。我国古代思想家都强调为官从政要以修身为本、正己为先。要成为一名合格的国家公务员，就应当有自觉高尚的道德追求，养成良好的职业操守，敬业奉献，全心全意地服务于国家、社会和人民。- J9 ?; M! q5 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">搞文字出身的，可以说是最正统的夫子门徒，他的思想和做法，包括杀少正卯的儒法兼施做法，我都是十分赞同的，也希望社会今后采取这种治理模式。不过，谁会用？外来的和尚会念经啊。我们是秘书啊。这几天常看到一句话，一看到我就怄气想吐血，这句话叫做：身在兵位，胸为帅谋！兄弟，我是秘书，年纪比领导小，资历比领导浅，阅历没有领导丰富，情况没有领导掌握的多，上头的意图不知道，业务活动不能参加，我能够为领导谋到领导如意，哥哥，那在这种情况下我搞出来的东西能够让领导满意，那我不是神童就是领导肚子里的蛔虫了！我真有这本事，我还来伺候你这个本事不如我的，我下海去了！我赞成夫子的：道不行) H0 y$ l5 ]- y. t5 J% p
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2 F l3 F5 ~8 f% n5 H$ emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乘槎浮于海；孟子的：穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。我不信运动式的说教能够让既得利益者提高自身的修养。3 ~) w* J% f$ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ z5 C4 @7 X) I4 K1 X& K. Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">的主张，为我们今天坚持依法治国与以德治国相结合，提供了重要的历史借鉴。青年时期是形成良好思想道德品质的关键时期。尤其是在改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济的条件下，在世界范围各种思想文化交流、交融、交锋更加频繁的情况下，处在人生起步阶段的青年，更要注重培养优良品德，解决好立身做人的问题，为报效祖国、服务人民、奉献社会奠定坚实的思想道德基础。+ w# i. S0 T; L, dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">荀子发展了孔子的人性说，认为人性本恶，故赞扬礼法结合。孔子说：德之不修，是吾忧也。今人，多不修德之辈。建议今人多学论语！在其位，谋其政，为人谋而尽忠，人之本色也！这是德，工作上有本事，那是才！, b5 W1 b! \- H: Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 b5 P8 s" a7 K ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">加强道德修养，还要处理好以下三个方面的关系： {: V7 r- ]+ o9 D( n, L( J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子在距今两千五百余年提出其理论，两千五百年后来看自然有其局限性！但我们要看到他先进性的一面，继承和发展其先进性的一面，才对我们现实生活更有价值！则其善者而从之6 R$ W/ `1 C0 J; C; t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">中，德治思想遭到粗暴批判和否定，其影响所及，导致一些领导干部把道德修养看做' ?6 M/ S7 v, s1 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" L, f+ E) k& N$ a& i( ]$ f& Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# N4 E5 G. D. P1 C& o w* q" g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">那贾老，您觉得我们该不该清算呢？$ }' p4 u# }: Q2 V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师所言极是，这是最低标准，最高标准的问题！4 o) h3 j* h3 G3 {: Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! T: u1 E' _5 J6 V( WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">失德，我觉得是没有信仰，或者伪信仰。没有信仰，也没有敬畏之心，就没有底线# z) \$ I! E* m2 Z% j" u; n
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">三会一课，近十几年运动式的人人过关，党员教育做了很多工作啊！
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- w0 o' \1 |% v! U2 N K$ l) YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">身在兵位，胸为帅谋！兄弟，我是秘书，年纪比领导小，资历比领导浅，阅历没有领导丰富，情况没有领导掌握的多，上头的意图不知道，业务活动不能参加，我能够为领导谋到领导如意，哥哥，那在这种情况下我搞出来的东西能够让领导满意，那我不是神童就是领导肚子里的蛔虫了！我真有这本事，我还来伺候你这个本事不如我的，我下海去了！, Q+ p! K8 C6 G# L; H2 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——( Y0 H4 [$ N9 l* F7 A+ N
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ D! ]7 m( R1 m1 m# s8 e$ d7 M6 v! ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这话只说对一小部分。在中国历史上，法治和德治如同车之两轮、鸟之双翼，对调整社会关系、维护社会秩序发挥着重要作用，是治理国家的两种根本手段。在+ {) j7 b3 {0 N9 |$ @3 K6 C
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+ ^4 g4 {- d2 g+ \- B8 q5 Q3 e( f bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼# Z4 j2 p2 z& d7 emso-font-kerning:0pt">”% o% P3 O6 L8 [$ L$ B m1 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 U) O3 b- A% M+ Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">与8 v* U* Z$ a$ _1 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 D, ^; O" X6 ~ w$ @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 G& |! i! ~: x8 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法$ Y+ ^2 a: {9 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的关系上，荀子继承孔子的观点，认为礼是高于法的。他说：! B+ ?2 J5 ?5 U' I0 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( H! B* P! E4 s$ w# h! Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. z8 \% J/ Y5 x" a" o! ^; X% j- Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，法之大分，类之纲纪也2 E3 N+ v4 k4 [ G) Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”(! f4 |* G0 R% v: L: F* ^9 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 `5 q6 c& D6 ^4 w1 d7 t8 P) P: O
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《荀子; @1 L7 P' o$ `% r( n& V) c/ j
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+ v1 O0 z) v) O7 t4 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">劝学》. {* y7 |" b# d. k8 ^- i' }# Q
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) c# G/ J4 z S. R) V9 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼义生而制法度3 P. k: Y6 P+ p* X5 B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《荀子6 l2 i% \+ L4 U1 O6 n0 @6 ^+ p5 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">.0 ^( g0 A" w( L* m4 G- kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 E; {* i' M f' h2 G$ Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">性恶》）。而对于法的重要地位和作用的认识，荀子却突破孔子，吸收春秋以来法家思想的成果，用以改造、充实传统礼学，克服了儒家之礼与法家之法的对立，提出了' [9 H5 X- b! ?. f6 `$ p. \4 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">治之经，礼与刑2 W5 @9 C3 q" X: ]
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9 p9 y1 I' O# [: p$ wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《荀子; ^3 b. T/ r7 ?) rmso-font-kerning:0pt">•1 P# \; W$ ~& B/ F3 {" o, mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 k9 P( |" q( ]8 j) L* J4 K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">成相》）的观点，主张治国应礼法并用。他提出的0 R1 ]/ s5 Q1 k) |! H8 A. t
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% S# m5 N: i1 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">隆礼尊贤而王，重法爱民而霸5 E+ K8 ~2 {3 p; K7 E1 x: |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: E' b: w3 Z+ J$ `
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6 X7 z7 p$ ?2 k1 U Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《荀子/ N7 V5 Q+ K; |. Q
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" a! n* j- m9 N0 g# }/ z0 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大略》）的观点，把儒家仁义王道之礼治与法家强力霸道之法治有机结合起来，使两者在政治层面和法律层面上交融互摄，是荀子学术思想的核心内容。荀子认为，不进行礼义教化而单靠刑杀，结果必然是刑罚越来越繁重但却不能制止犯罪；如果只进行教化而放弃刑罚，犯罪的人受不到应有的惩戒，同样不能制止犯罪。只有礼法结合，共同发挥作用，才能收到制止犯罪的效果。荀子关于3 Y* ]6 d. K+ \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 M+ x7 C. f6 H0 n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的思想，熔儒法为一炉，成为历代统治者维护和巩固国家政权的基本国策。# O; r* T# k. n) `
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: U5 s: G& K& t# O/ dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中国的人治，占据历史地位的时间过于长了，我们肃反不反思+ i3 H5 J0 X# L' k% [. ymso-font-kerning:0pt">,+ Z8 x* i7 }. S6 n" ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# L% L6 a8 @7 }0 E: n0 _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">于是有整风，整风不反思' H, P$ U" q$ P. Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">,: `; d. k+ G$ ?* ^' x
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: G8 g- L% N( Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">于是有反右，反右不反思- m4 C: ? |0 ]' v; v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">于是有大跃进，大跃进不反思* \1 x6 g0 ]9 c7 imso-font-kerning:0pt">,; ^, L/ [) l( J# r; H3 X' \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 w7 O7 ?. [+ k9 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">于是有文革。到现在，我们难道还不反思吗？出现这些问题是什么原因？真的需要我们的领导人好好考虑了; T- ]7 v1 V/ S/ n5 s% r% f9 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. c2 @% Q' m2 j; }9 f7 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">过去，天灾人祸，天子常常来个罪己诏的。' D# U! K0 ?0 Q% Y7 W. |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个人观点：加强个人道德修养，把德治放在第一位。法治的执行，最终体现在人上。所谓执行力。根本性的东西，需要人去执行。现在我们的制度很多，但执行不敢恭维) z/ z% f- V0 _& V- R2 `5 I! U3 t2 p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">古人认为，地震的产生是因为地气的郁结，民众有怨气被压制，所以沉郁底下，形成地震，当然，比较说法唯心，大家就当一笑而过。法治是根本，德治是补充& |( |4 R: C0 L. x: I* _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不太赞同，德治是目的，教人向善才是政府的目的，而不能当成一种手段。儒家应该是更看重德的方面，法家才看重法的因素，说到荀子，我个人觉得他不是个纯粹意义上的儒家，精纯度不如孟子。孟子才是孔子的真正继承者，荀子的弟子多是法家代表，说不受他影响不太可能3 _1 S. N2 L0 r" s# M9 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">世风日下，中国人多学习孔子的、孟子、荀子的思想对提升国人的素质是大有裨益的/ o8 C# t2 ?6 @: Y& `
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8 ]. @8 P6 J% i. a4 r" q4 K / W, }# n7 |6 Q$ k% {* {/ V+ C: Z l7 x8 D3 ?" Z7 K' I+ ]! Fmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: [, a! P0 i; ?6 F4 l& y$ p
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">隆礼重法，相互补充, M" U( J, Y" c( |% r0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">再好的法，也要人来执行。过去有人批吕日周，现在有人说仇和的怪话，我倒觉得，千人之诺诺，不如一士之谔谔。6 T1 z! @7 {# C5 h( u, z
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mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
$ U! R& O0 n" G& U. K4 h- ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">当文字秘书，必须具备身在兵位，胸为帅谋的自觉性，这是其一。其二，必须具备较高的悟性，善于学习上级方针政策，善于领会领导意图，善于掌握基层实际情况。其三，要有较高的理论和文字功底。否则，还是改行的好。2 |# ?1 ^9 `! `; W7 ]7 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; R; A1 D5 o/ {+ R7 K; Y: T4 STahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">破风弃俗：* Q2 [4 T4 o0 a m/ D" E9 c0pt">
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6 m8 I% X, f$ L- VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个人观点：现代社会的整体框架应以现代法治和民主为基础，德治伦理应作为法治不及处之补充，法乃与国家而言，德乃与个人而言。$ F' S& O( p8 Q+ G( h& C
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R2 z4 @1 G& j6 a3 E2 ]( tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法制是必须的，维护统治者的利益，德治是教化，是辅助法制的，利于法治的推行。4 d* i A) x, l0 k
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9 T% R" m# m" c$ u' r% I5 PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">秘书也要有德：想领导之所想、忧领导之所忧，是根本要求。: H4 C7 u3 P4 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 L' @1 }5 h; H3 c6 CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法治是根本，德治是补充4 j- q6 Y2 M1 `/ b0pt">——# S& n1 J/ {$ \, _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">法治与德治，不是根本与补充的关系，两者都是根本性的治国手段。, ?5 A' d( x2 [* {8 S0pt">
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& ~: `* @, i3 r$ W5 RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">荀子按照知识结构而言当属杂家，按照主要贡献来说当属儒家！
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法乃与国家而言，德乃与个人而言。0 z) @! P+ t# y( E3 w$ W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这个观点也值得商榷。习总最近说：人无德不立，国无德不兴。德绝非仅仅是个人之事，而是关系一个国家治国方略的大事。古代中国被称为礼仪之邦，就突显了德治的治国方略。1 Z6 r6 r9 V1 z- d2 f9 o' N& O' Q5 g9 k
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6 g! B* {' r' n. U6 c. J5 fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我举一例，扶老太太，就用这个案例来说一说德治和法治结合吧？怎么能让国人敢扶起老太太。不然，应该很多人想去扶。不敢扶是因为无法，不是因为无德( k4 X) M) O2 M9 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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y0 B' R" h/ E: BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老所言有理，但是您说的国之德的内涵应该是什么呢？国之法我认为应该是契约精神，这应该是主流2 Q/ o. U2 g, K; g4 Z5 k$ ]" }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不敢扶是因为无法，不是因为无德0 ~: U5 u, ~1 _! l M
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——* T- u6 }) \. i4 T, K0 Y" n: q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& I" v9 J2 H, B0 j* |% Y+ ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">太推崇法治了。可以扶，可以不扶，怎么选择，是德的修养，不是法的欠缺。德政礼治，需要全社会共同推进，不仅仅是执政者的修养。秀才遇见兵怎么办？; P% q$ H" a. X% e8 V4 C" Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 B- k1 X7 S/ n- X4 wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">在( P2 p) m) T% z0 ^7 }9 }# {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼# m. A: ]5 U$ u) p |: |. T1 Sfont-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 m5 `1 m* h8 Xmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;: }, ], n; ]0 E3 d* z
mso-font-kerning:0pt">与8 T' j) q/ X! b8 o) i3 y, v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">法' q9 O1 m0 d/ i( x" Pfont-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ p" D* `7 u- b9 I/ w* M* z! ?% \mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
8 ^; v. z+ _: D0 `8 V! ^7 C1 L# lmso-font-kerning:0pt">的关系上，荀子继承孔子的观点，认为礼是高于法的。 E5 O b* p9 P1 L! q0pt">——5 c' R) I9 V0 A4 a# {4 ZTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;5 X! A( {! H1 W x
mso-font-kerning:0pt">这就奠定了他作为儒家继承人的地位。后世一些儒者不承认这一点，有点门户之见。荀子处战国后期，百家争鸣时代，吸收道、法等各家学术观点，不奇怪，也是儒学发展之必要，必然。国之德的内涵应该是什么呢？ y- l3 @; E v( e. }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其内涵具有时代性。当今时代，就是社会主义核心价值体系。其具体化为社会主义核心价值观。十八大报告有表述。十八大报告用0 ]$ D& u4 K. p6 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; i' l4 q2 a# T4 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 q( [& S: _3 E4 H, z u2 a' Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">三个倡导8 `/ D. S7 F; [8 [. B) H1 |6 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">表述了社会主义核心价值观。在国家层面，倡导. h1 G/ ?8 L6 @. u W
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) h. j( f8 T2 ~ i! i, h, ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">富强、民主、文明、和谐6 a" Q( m/ ]7 I8 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: S) f% `8 }: \, g1 k+ u% ?
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# o0 v/ u/ C! T& i3 D, kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，是到本世纪中叶建设社会主义现代化国家的发展目标，已经写入党章和宪法，反映了党、国家和人民的共同意志和中华民族伟大复兴的光明愿景，是国家主导价值观，在核心价值观中居于统领地位；在社会层面，倡导$ r8 d$ j* T+ B. k3 Y6 V5 T6 }4 n1 imso-font-kerning:0pt">“* K; M& Q9 m7 @7 L9 {( L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">自由、平等、公正、法治; Z% O2 T% _( E) j, R$ F" Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- g) v5 t9 P5 s' S c2 m! T
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/ o/ ^: b6 ^3 Z, H* ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，既是引领现代文明走向的人类共同价值准则和理想社会目标，又是我们党和国家始终追求和奉行的核心价值理念，着眼于确立社会发展的价值导向，在核心价值观中发挥着重要支柱作用；在公民个人层面，倡导# x0 N4 e4 k% h+ _) Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ o1 p) ?! f; j4 d5 R8 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 c2 T; o! [5 i! d1 ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">爱国、敬业、诚信、友善2 F- r4 y/ w. W' r5 `9 G2 f, o
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7 f" |4 g/ W" X, |( u6 _Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就好比刚一位兄弟说的，我们作为秘书，有时候会遇到低水平、低能力的领导，但按照契约精神，我们既然进入这个行业，拿了工资，就必须做好我们的本职工作，服务百姓，服务领导，这就是我们的本职工作4 Z! J& E, T+ l$ ~4 |. y, w7 Y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德政与法治，关键还是执行的人，执法者、执政者的道德修养如何起很大的作用。/ t* \5 n: K2 B) T; R9 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( `+ u$ }1 Q& I3 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这就是孔子提出* \* h: O6 u; _/ z, v! a
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( b0 I# w' ?, h! |& Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德; t; O; Z& l6 {& p, bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 f( V5 |! O4 _& n6 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的道理。这可以作为今天的总结。# W, e, g) X9 [$ G R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是基础，% F3 Y0 C3 H: Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 G( @( z( N! p; z. Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ W4 B8 g$ L4 j- L9 X+ {' m
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! |2 ]! I- Y& ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是上层建筑。, F# q* ^2 p& |+ U6 v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德与法都属上层建筑。法是政治制度上层建筑。德是思想领域上层建筑。希望大家在学习党的基本理论方面，多下功夫，坚持数年，必有好处。再见，谢谢。9 E! f$ f5 l \5 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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