今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第: s& F$ `5 T/ a' K6 v, ^3 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">13 U8 S. @* I) I6 i3 P. I) O: g# Y
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# M8 c9 b: G- D# cmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。3 [* E% J# X$ A6 m$ J3 @; f& D! C2 W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。/ r8 T; B) T9 imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。$ a; e4 \$ g0 f1 U; B5 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？* d; `& a* w3 e0 J/ Z$ E6 ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。2 H1 D7 _/ `; \3 i+ M( Y U
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢6 c0 M/ p: u4 ~. F5 d; A/ b
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2 w+ D+ \4 \8 ?9 t$ i8 C [" mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新- h, o2 I f3 U" p' x8 p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白9 R7 _; I) C. a" smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; {$ M- K+ `8 ]% n" [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学& [& s4 g2 W/ f d; \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？* e# i% V3 Z- a* p$ Z- O6 q# m
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2 i$ u/ O9 `; A$ W+ c$ Y" ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。' {1 _! M9 z7 c
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+ \. w6 t. v( P$ K2 x5 w4 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”6 r; K5 X4 v! F' pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 m4 Q5 @$ w; v$ k) g6 N. `, vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 x: x3 f0 s! ^# `7 i% p9 J) Z- D
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说. d: F% E* h( `: R; Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">"" R0 W2 o5 t1 t6 ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚. x; ~! l9 }6 umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！+ n% V5 y6 Q- O w9 P3 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假7 _# l& I; B# {" ~1 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ K7 J% @# i# x2 w4 U( I- y2 ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是# {( b/ s6 a5 i7 P t
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1 M: z/ D$ |7 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题+ b, K& L' _1 H, }: ~; P6 M9 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 t+ x: A: X! |+ K: I) gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ E$ ~% X) G) x# r& F) r3 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。+ b0 C: n3 b6 [/ B9 @: w
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@, o; Z/ {; s) k5 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴" S+ v/ `1 Q7 T( o; A4 ^& R
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! h& [ ]2 F/ v$ Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">如果一个国家仅仅依靠法治来获得长治久安，这样的安既不是真正的安，也不是长久安，只有人民懂得礼义廉耻，知道为什么要采取法律的约束，懂得法治的观念，才能获得真正的治。当年斯大林可谓利用政令无所不用其极了，等到逝世，立刻反弹9 d/ o1 e3 w3 K9 E4 p% z
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5 F5 W7 ?% b$ k% z) R$ VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中央从当前领导班子和干部队伍建设的实际出发，突出强调选拔任用干部要坚持德才兼备、以德为先的标准。这一标准既强调了德与才缺一不可，又突出了德的主导作用，强调选人用人要坚持以德为前提、以德为基础、以德为先决条件。干部一旦失去 z) a4 g- c; K# }, w; k' x
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9 Q, K: d7 ?9 Q, V- F, Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德5 E* v; E; @6 C' _9 l2 A$ Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, w" a2 a! B4 w& L4 s \/ b) M
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/ P. \0 U1 e5 X! T' i1 j, G# Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就失去了被提拔重用的基本资格。大家一定要深刻领会，并以此作为自己成长进步的正确导向。在当前新形势下，干部的德主要体现在哪些方面呢？一是有坚定的理想信念，这样才能在任何时候、任何环境中，都站在党和人民的立场上想问题、办事情。二是坚持执政为民，这样才能真正做到为民用权、为民谋利、为民守责。三是作风清正廉洁，这样才能堂堂正正做人，干干净净干事，得到群众拥护。我国古代思想家都强调为官从政要以修身为本、正己为先。要成为一名合格的国家公务员，就应当有自觉高尚的道德追求，养成良好的职业操守，敬业奉献，全心全意地服务于国家、社会和人民。8 B0 Z# S- l7 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">搞文字出身的，可以说是最正统的夫子门徒，他的思想和做法，包括杀少正卯的儒法兼施做法，我都是十分赞同的，也希望社会今后采取这种治理模式。不过，谁会用？外来的和尚会念经啊。我们是秘书啊。这几天常看到一句话，一看到我就怄气想吐血，这句话叫做：身在兵位，胸为帅谋！兄弟，我是秘书，年纪比领导小，资历比领导浅，阅历没有领导丰富，情况没有领导掌握的多，上头的意图不知道，业务活动不能参加，我能够为领导谋到领导如意，哥哥，那在这种情况下我搞出来的东西能够让领导满意，那我不是神童就是领导肚子里的蛔虫了！我真有这本事，我还来伺候你这个本事不如我的，我下海去了！我赞成夫子的：道不行" d- }5 i% p1 A2 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> , V9 p2 y, j0 j: l) J8 F- |3 N4 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 F, q2 E, o e7 e, U
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乘槎浮于海；孟子的：穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。我不信运动式的说教能够让既得利益者提高自身的修养。; K' e) I2 U' S: o1 v! Y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子的继承人荀子，明确提出了. U; I! e( J( `6 D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">的主张，为我们今天坚持依法治国与以德治国相结合，提供了重要的历史借鉴。青年时期是形成良好思想道德品质的关键时期。尤其是在改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济的条件下，在世界范围各种思想文化交流、交融、交锋更加频繁的情况下，处在人生起步阶段的青年，更要注重培养优良品德，解决好立身做人的问题，为报效祖国、服务人民、奉献社会奠定坚实的思想道德基础。1 c4 M t+ T9 R- {+ L& x1 V
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; d. M! K) K! C+ A; C& Z# T! v) f% JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">荀子发展了孔子的人性说，认为人性本恶，故赞扬礼法结合。孔子说：德之不修，是吾忧也。今人，多不修德之辈。建议今人多学论语！在其位，谋其政，为人谋而尽忠，人之本色也！这是德，工作上有本事，那是才！, ]1 T" I5 M9 W6 @; rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">加强道德修养，还要处理好以下三个方面的关系：2 G1 M$ I. }0 j; p Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">第一个方面，要处理好自己与他人、个人与社会的关系。1 _# j% }& T* j4 Z0pt">
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" t4 C$ |# M& v5 [) W( A! ~+ MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子在距今两千五百余年提出其理论，两千五百年后来看自然有其局限性！但我们要看到他先进性的一面，继承和发展其先进性的一面，才对我们现实生活更有价值！则其善者而从之6 I& u& F" {+ h$ X, ]
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) I% s# k: h1 P* Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，认为没有必要小题大做。我们制定了许多法律，也惩治了不少贪官，这无疑是完全必要的。但是，为什么fubai问题仍有蔓延之势呢？一个重要原因就是缺乏具体、深入、有效的思想道德教育，致使一些人精神空虚、价值观错位。这恰恰印证了孔子之言。事实告诉我们，无限夸大道德教化的作用固然不可取，但是，贬低道德教化的重要作用，同样是要不得的。法律所规定的只是强制人们遵守的道德底线，而理想、信念、道德教育才能引导人们明善恶，辨美丑，知荣辱，具有奋发向上的人生追求，从而在全社会形成弘扬正气的巨大力量。: d& P8 o+ h H# i2 a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">那贾老，您觉得我们该不该清算呢？+ y) E% G$ z* x" cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' A. j E. q8 fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师所言极是，这是最低标准，最高标准的问题！# m2 h. s M5 j( K/ x$ S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">失德，我觉得是没有信仰，或者伪信仰。没有信仰，也没有敬畏之心，就没有底线1 H- ]9 L( [2 T8 o; U; emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">三会一课，近十几年运动式的人人过关，党员教育做了很多工作啊！
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">身在兵位，胸为帅谋！兄弟，我是秘书，年纪比领导小，资历比领导浅，阅历没有领导丰富，情况没有领导掌握的多，上头的意图不知道，业务活动不能参加，我能够为领导谋到领导如意，哥哥，那在这种情况下我搞出来的东西能够让领导满意，那我不是神童就是领导肚子里的蛔虫了！我真有这本事，我还来伺候你这个本事不如我的，我下海去了！) D0 Q ]8 ~" t+ f4 ~/ i/ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">—— t, k+ ]- C7 L! P) h% ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ l, H$ z9 I% `% i- M) o
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这话只说对一小部分。在中国历史上，法治和德治如同车之两轮、鸟之双翼，对调整社会关系、维护社会秩序发挥着重要作用，是治理国家的两种根本手段。在, R: \/ X- T1 S+ smso-font-kerning:0pt">“; s& Q5 \9 Y) i3 p2 v" s+ ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& M: }5 X1 q" ~, z/ u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的关系上，荀子继承孔子的观点，认为礼是高于法的。他说：% k* X. }; i5 z9 j& fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( A# g7 a5 D* s/ `& f8 Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! R$ i: I( [0 O* v
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，法之大分，类之纲纪也$ k& ?* y+ ~$ `; P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">成相》）的观点，主张治国应礼法并用。他提出的6 x9 c9 ^+ C7 _4 f8 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 Y4 O" G; ~: B$ r2 F8 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; i7 t) F7 w) q. O R( Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">隆礼尊贤而王，重法爱民而霸+ ~' M" Z, Y. l9 }/ g, e! o4 c- Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" `$ P) X4 a& J% Y) ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# Z) U* {, [+ n! @7 l0 \5 J
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3 ~" O& \$ u( Y0 j+ X+ w& xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大略》）的观点，把儒家仁义王道之礼治与法家强力霸道之法治有机结合起来，使两者在政治层面和法律层面上交融互摄，是荀子学术思想的核心内容。荀子认为，不进行礼义教化而单靠刑杀，结果必然是刑罚越来越繁重但却不能制止犯罪；如果只进行教化而放弃刑罚，犯罪的人受不到应有的惩戒，同样不能制止犯罪。只有礼法结合，共同发挥作用，才能收到制止犯罪的效果。荀子关于8 p V4 @# A" z1 n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">隆礼重法: k; e, I e* d! {. Q$ L5 K; N
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6 |8 z9 ?7 S7 t3 _( {' A1 Y. BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中国的人治，占据历史地位的时间过于长了，我们肃反不反思9 _2 C/ e7 L3 @; I) F4 I+ J( |mso-font-kerning:0pt">,1 {+ m8 b& J1 t* C& @1 `
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9 E7 x6 v: R( R/ ?, Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">于是有文革。到现在，我们难道还不反思吗？出现这些问题是什么原因？真的需要我们的领导人好好考虑了" B+ x! Y7 X# t A; Z
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B2 g. n7 ^& \4 n" e4 jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">古人认为，地震的产生是因为地气的郁结，民众有怨气被压制，所以沉郁底下，形成地震，当然，比较说法唯心，大家就当一笑而过。法治是根本，德治是补充5 w, x5 O6 g2 ~% X& r) g8 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——* K8 L4 ^- I' U3 t$ B0 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 b( g. ~( F% ?8 i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不太赞同，德治是目的，教人向善才是政府的目的，而不能当成一种手段。儒家应该是更看重德的方面，法家才看重法的因素，说到荀子，我个人觉得他不是个纯粹意义上的儒家，精纯度不如孟子。孟子才是孔子的真正继承者，荀子的弟子多是法家代表，说不受他影响不太可能( H7 f% c: ?) Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 Z0 f' E2 Y( X9 kTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我本善良：+ I: t: |+ \# M) K4 s4 u, Y! N0pt">
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) _" x7 I; c, U$ kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">世风日下，中国人多学习孔子的、孟子、荀子的思想对提升国人的素质是大有裨益的" q7 Y% m# T- |/ V0 g v6 Z7 {
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+ g$ F4 D& _! {* U5 r 5 o; Z. f+ \5 o# |3 W' v F' Z3 P* d, G1 W- Y; A- Mmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
- y2 _" I8 f8 y1 J, |3 CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">隆礼重法，相互补充4 o; N6 P, d+ Q" q, q
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3 h! x$ r3 U: P9 Y% N; z9 m2 T' q7 ^( T) ~5 h1 |% T# b) Y1 m# t# Y' ^/ ]' W6 I9 [
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P0 }5 U" U# q, VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">再好的法，也要人来执行。过去有人批吕日周，现在有人说仇和的怪话，我倒觉得，千人之诺诺，不如一士之谔谔。: E9 N' T7 e: V* _4 n- o2 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">当文字秘书，必须具备身在兵位，胸为帅谋的自觉性，这是其一。其二，必须具备较高的悟性，善于学习上级方针政策，善于领会领导意图，善于掌握基层实际情况。其三，要有较高的理论和文字功底。否则，还是改行的好。% ^. T- Z) f4 T: N v7 e0 I5 Z' mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 } \7 {4 L9 X( p8 H2 S' [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个人观点：现代社会的整体框架应以现代法治和民主为基础，德治伦理应作为法治不及处之补充，法乃与国家而言，德乃与个人而言。) o _+ @" _- ~7 T' Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法制是必须的，维护统治者的利益，德治是教化，是辅助法制的，利于法治的推行。# H1 }) x# g( J0 @2 j. [* l2 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">秘书也要有德：想领导之所想、忧领导之所忧，是根本要求。7 H4 _$ |% T% F N9 z3 K$ d/ O2 K- Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 G0 A" l+ L: y KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法治是根本，德治是补充$ i) l( J& h8 w2 e4 ] v$ M) ?0pt">——- u0 |1 z9 I9 F4 S. {$ v
Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;! `& h) ?$ K# z& @# l( u" |- k
mso-font-kerning:0pt">法治与德治，不是根本与补充的关系，两者都是根本性的治国手段。) n* ~9 Z' s7 Y0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">荀子按照知识结构而言当属杂家，按照主要贡献来说当属儒家！
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& ?7 c% @' X, b/ ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法乃与国家而言，德乃与个人而言。+ }: k$ X1 i7 L A) ^4 l5 V4 T
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, q9 v( l" o3 K' t/ A, d; z S; M
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这个观点也值得商榷。习总最近说：人无德不立，国无德不兴。德绝非仅仅是个人之事，而是关系一个国家治国方略的大事。古代中国被称为礼仪之邦，就突显了德治的治国方略。2 m3 V: q: X ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我举一例，扶老太太，就用这个案例来说一说德治和法治结合吧？怎么能让国人敢扶起老太太。不然，应该很多人想去扶。不敢扶是因为无法，不是因为无德7 I" P# a! g; D1 m6 ~8 E) \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! I$ b9 i: H0 \3 cTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">破风弃俗：1 w# X2 ]8 _# }) X' s
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老所言有理，但是您说的国之德的内涵应该是什么呢？国之法我认为应该是契约精神，这应该是主流2 B2 m6 m$ ]) {$ m9 B2 s
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4 g# F0 w# [8 N; o9 | W3 ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不敢扶是因为无法，不是因为无德- I1 T# n. s3 v. d* rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——( o* z0 X6 j+ L4 E ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 W$ S/ R8 ]( X9 i' imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">太推崇法治了。可以扶，可以不扶，怎么选择，是德的修养，不是法的欠缺。德政礼治，需要全社会共同推进，不仅仅是执政者的修养。秀才遇见兵怎么办？5 Y: K0 i( R4 O% J. N+ Q% K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">的关系上，荀子继承孔子的观点，认为礼是高于法的。7 d1 v! A# ~6 P" P' O1 i: X e9 S2 X
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">这就奠定了他作为儒家继承人的地位。后世一些儒者不承认这一点，有点门户之见。荀子处战国后期，百家争鸣时代，吸收道、法等各家学术观点，不奇怪，也是儒学发展之必要，必然。国之德的内涵应该是什么呢？5 Y; D v7 T {( |5 Q+ B4 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: @& A/ J6 d- V- V- H9 i3 E, b% [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 R9 k. g# B' J! `7 U2 d7 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其内涵具有时代性。当今时代，就是社会主义核心价值体系。其具体化为社会主义核心价值观。十八大报告有表述。十八大报告用' k6 P6 U2 ?; L7 r' w! n3 Q( ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 K" o) q6 s$ W" y2 J
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& D$ }) ?: ~7 m4 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">三个倡导* W/ d, Q5 b; S9 J' @$ }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* Y2 M7 p1 U7 S Y3 v0 O- h/ _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">表述了社会主义核心价值观。在国家层面，倡导 ~$ s+ ^3 ~8 c& T+ t+ t/ f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">富强、民主、文明、和谐$ r+ w; O: R4 }: u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，是到本世纪中叶建设社会主义现代化国家的发展目标，已经写入党章和宪法，反映了党、国家和人民的共同意志和中华民族伟大复兴的光明愿景，是国家主导价值观，在核心价值观中居于统领地位；在社会层面，倡导( G; D, @4 B: ~% q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">自由、平等、公正、法治6 b9 R: x1 ?8 t6 umso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 ~0 F* w- `5 |; Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 D" Q9 O" h9 Z* _3 ~8 N( J5 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，既是引领现代文明走向的人类共同价值准则和理想社会目标，又是我们党和国家始终追求和奉行的核心价值理念，着眼于确立社会发展的价值导向，在核心价值观中发挥着重要支柱作用；在公民个人层面，倡导, Z9 b, M3 E+ E
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1 t) |# F1 p9 g6 P! Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">爱国、敬业、诚信、友善5 p3 e% q$ @7 d Y; K2 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，着眼于构建民间社会的底线伦理，是作为价值主体的每个公民所应遵循的根本道德规范，在核心价值观中居于基础地位。社会主义核心价值观的表述，涵盖了社会各界的意见、反映了现阶段全国人民在价值共识上的最大公约数。 G1 |" t' n0 j* |. t
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* K- ?. `$ `" U' B0 |* I# cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的道理。这可以作为今天的总结。( E! x8 m0 F) o8 T* Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! q. S' Q4 j- o% E2 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 k8 g0 x- x' y% z9 w4 n' P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是基础，5 d8 j8 w* m) h- Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ Q+ p% E2 z! b& Y
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W' m; I# R F% L" Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是上层建筑。7 x Y( a- @- h1 M) f0 Z. Emso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ S. ~" J5 Q7 M* D. S7 b) P/ f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德与法都属上层建筑。法是政治制度上层建筑。德是思想领域上层建筑。希望大家在学习党的基本理论方面，多下功夫，坚持数年，必有好处。再见，谢谢。9 _5 E; N2 T8 {( u" J0 S
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