关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见

二猫发表于 2020-4-10 09:28:35

<h1 style="clear: both; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 38px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 5px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">中共中央国务院关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见</h1><span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-break: break-all; word-spacing: 0px; zoom: 1;'>
<h4 class="sub" style="color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 20px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 5px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">（2020年3月30日）</h4><span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-break: break-all; word-spacing: 0px; zoom: 1;'>
<p class="author" style="color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-break: break-all; word-spacing: 0px; zoom: 1;'>
<div class="box01" style="color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; height: 36px; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div class="fl" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); float: left; font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 14px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 44px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>         完善要素市场化配置是建设统一开放、竞争有序市场体系的内在要求，是坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度、加快完善社会主义市场经济体制的重要内容。为深化要素市场化配置改革，促进要素自主有序流动，提高要素配置效率，进一步激发全社会创造力和市场活力，推动经济发展质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，现就构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制提出如下意见。</div><div><span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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一、总体要求<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（一）指导思想。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中全会精神，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，坚持新发展理念，坚持深化市场化改革、扩大高水平开放，破除阻碍要素自由流动的体制机制障碍，扩大要素市场化配置范围，健全要素市场体系，推进要素市场制度建设，实现要素价格市场决定、流动自主有序、配置高效公平，为建设高标准市场体系、推动高质量发展、建设现代化经济体系打下坚实制度基础。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二）基本原则。一是市场决定，有序流动。充分发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用，畅通要素流动渠道，保障不同市场主体平等获取生产要素，推动要素配置依据市场规则、市场价格、市场竞争实现效益最大化和效率最优化。二是健全制度，创新监管。更好发挥政府作用，健全要素市场运行机制，完善政府调节与监管，做到放活与管好有机结合，提升监管和服务能力，引导各类要素协同向先进生产力集聚。三是问题导向，分类施策。针对市场决定要素配置范围有限、要素流动存在体制机制障碍等问题，根据不同要素属性、市场化程度差异和经济社会发展需要，分类完善要素市场化配置体制机制。四是稳中求进，循序渐进。坚持安全可控，从实际出发，尊重客观规律，培育发展新型要素形态，逐步提高要素质量，因地制宜稳步推进要素市场化配置改革。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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二、推进土地要素市场化配置<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（三）建立健全城乡统一的建设用地市场。加快修改完善土地管理法实施条例，完善相关配套制度，制定出台农村集体经营性建设用地入市指导意见。全面推开农村土地征收制度改革，扩大国有土地有偿使用范围。建立公平合理的集体经营性建设用地入市增值收益分配制度。建立公共利益征地的相关制度规定。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（四）深化产业用地市场化配置改革。健全长期租赁、先租后让、弹性年期供应、作价出资（入股）等工业用地市场供应体系。在符合国土空间规划和用途管制要求前提下，调整完善产业用地政策，创新使用方式，推动不同产业用地类型合理转换，探索增加混合产业用地供给。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（五）鼓励盘活存量建设用地。充分运用市场机制盘活存量土地和低效用地，研究完善促进盘活存量建设用地的税费制度。以多种方式推进国有企业存量用地盘活利用。深化农村宅基地制度改革试点，深入推进建设用地整理，完善城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策，为乡村振兴和城乡融合发展提供土地要素保障。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（六）完善土地管理体制。完善土地利用计划管理，实施年度建设用地总量调控制度，增强土地管理灵活性，推动土地计划指标更加合理化，城乡建设用地指标使用应更多由省级政府负责。在国土空间规划编制、农村房地一体不动产登记基本完成的前提下，建立健全城乡建设用地供应三年滚动计划。探索建立全国性的建设用地、补充耕地指标跨区域交易机制。加强土地供应利用统计监测。实施城乡土地统一调查、统一规划、统一整治、统一登记。推动制定不动产登记法。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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三、引导劳动力要素合理畅通有序流动<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（七）深化户籍制度改革。推动超大、特大城市调整完善积分落户政策，探索推动在长三角、珠三角等城市群率先实现户籍准入年限同城化累计互认。放开放宽除个别超大城市外的城市落户限制，试行以经常居住地登记户口制度。建立城镇教育、就业创业、医疗卫生等基本公共服务与常住人口挂钩机制，推动公共资源按常住人口规模配置。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（八）畅通劳动力和人才社会性流动渠道。健全统一规范的人力资源市场体系，加快建立协调衔接的劳动力、人才流动政策体系和交流合作机制。营造公平就业环境，依法纠正身份、性别等就业歧视现象，保障城乡劳动者享有平等就业权利。进一步畅通企业、社会组织人员进入党政机关、国有企事业单位渠道。优化国有企事业单位面向社会选人用人机制，深入推行国有企业分级分类公开招聘。加强就业援助，实施优先扶持和重点帮助。完善人事档案管理服务，加快提升人事档案信息化水平。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（九）完善技术技能评价制度。创新评价标准，以职业能力为核心制定职业标准，进一步打破户籍、地域、身份、档案、人事关系等制约，畅通非公有制经济组织、社会组织、自由职业专业技术人员职称申报渠道。加快建立劳动者终身职业技能培训制度。推进社会化职称评审。完善技术工人评价选拔制度。探索实现职业技能等级证书和学历证书互通衔接。加强公共卫生队伍建设，健全执业人员培养、准入、使用、待遇保障、考核评价和激励机制。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（十）加大人才引进力度。畅通海外科学家来华工作通道。在职业资格认定认可、子女教育、商业医疗保险以及在中国境内停留、居留等方面，为外籍高层次人才来华创新创业提供便利。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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四、推进资本要素市场化配置<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（十一）完善股票市场基础制度。制定出台完善股票市场基础制度的意见。坚持市场化、法治化改革方向，改革完善股票市场发行、交易、退市等制度。鼓励和引导上市公司现金分红。完善投资者保护制度，推动完善具有中国特色的证券民事诉讼制度。完善主板、科创板、中小企业板、创业板和全国中小企业股份转让系统（新三板）市场建设。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（十二）加快发展债券市场。稳步扩大债券市场规模，丰富债券市场品种，推进债券市场互联互通。统一公司信用类债券信息披露标准，完善债券违约处置机制。探索对公司信用类债券实行发行注册管理制。加强债券市场评级机构统一准入管理，规范信用评级行业发展。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（十三）增加有效金融服务供给。健全多层次资本市场体系。构建多层次、广覆盖、有差异、大中小合理分工的银行机构体系，优化金融资源配置，放宽金融服务业市场准入，推动信用信息深度开发利用，增加服务小微企业和民营企业的金融服务供给。建立县域银行业金融机构服务“三农”的激励约束机制。推进绿色金融创新。完善金融机构市场化法治化退出机制。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（十四）主动有序扩大金融业对外开放。稳步推进人民币国际化和人民币资本项目可兑换。逐步推进证券、基金行业对内对外双向开放，有序推进期货市场对外开放。逐步放宽外资金融机构准入条件，推进境内金融机构参与国际金融市场交易。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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五、加快发展技术要素市场<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（十五）健全职务科技成果产权制度。深化科技成果使用权、处置权和收益权改革，开展赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点。强化知识产权保护和运用，支持重大技术装备、重点新材料等领域的自主知识产权市场化运营。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（十六）完善科技创新资源配置方式。改革科研项目立项和组织实施方式，坚持目标引领，强化成果导向，建立健全多元化支持机制。完善专业机构管理项目机制。加强科技成果转化中试基地建设。支持有条件的企业承担国家重大科技项目。建立市场化社会化的科研成果评价制度，修订技术合同认定规则及科技成果登记管理办法。建立健全科技成果常态化路演和科技创新咨询制度。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（十七）培育发展技术转移机构和技术经理人。加强国家技术转移区域中心建设。支持科技企业与高校、科研机构合作建立技术研发中心、产业研究院、中试基地等新型研发机构。积极推进科研院所分类改革，加快推进应用技术类科研院所市场化、企业化发展。支持高校、科研机构和科技企业设立技术转移部门。建立国家技术转移人才培养体系，提高技术转移专业服务能力。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（十八）促进技术要素与资本要素融合发展。积极探索通过天使投资、创业投资、知识产权证券化、科技保险等方式推动科技成果资本化。鼓励商业银行采用知识产权质押、预期收益质押等融资方式，为促进技术转移转化提供更多金融产品服务。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（十九）支持国际科技创新合作。深化基础研究国际合作，组织实施国际科技创新合作重点专项，探索国际科技创新合作新模式，扩大科技领域对外开放。加大抗病毒药物及疫苗研发国际合作力度。开展创新要素跨境便利流动试点，发展离岸创新创业，探索推动外籍科学家领衔承担政府支持科技项目。发展技术贸易，促进技术进口来源多元化，扩大技术出口。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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六、加快培育数据要素市场<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二十）推进政府数据开放共享。优化经济治理基础数据库，加快推动各地区各部门间数据共享交换，制定出台新一批数据共享责任清单。研究建立促进企业登记、交通运输、气象等公共数据开放和数据资源有效流动的制度规范。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二十一）提升社会数据资源价值。培育数字经济新产业、新业态和新模式，支持构建农业、工业、交通、教育、安防、城市管理、公共资源交易等领域规范化数据开发利用的场景。发挥行业协会商会作用，推动人工智能、可穿戴设备、车联网、物联网等领域数据采集标准化。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二十二）加强数据资源整合和安全保护。探索建立统一规范的数据管理制度，提高数据质量和规范性，丰富数据产品。研究根据数据性质完善产权性质。制定数据隐私保护制度和安全审查制度。推动完善适用于大数据环境下的数据分类分级安全保护制度，加强对政务数据、企业商业秘密和个人数据的保护。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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七、加快要素价格市场化改革<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二十三）完善主要由市场决定要素价格机制。完善城乡基准地价、标定地价的制定与发布制度，逐步形成与市场价格挂钩动态调整机制。健全最低工资标准调整、工资集体协商和企业薪酬调查制度。深化国有企业工资决定机制改革，完善事业单位岗位绩效工资制度。建立公务员和企业相当人员工资水平调查比较制度，落实并完善工资正常调整机制。稳妥推进存贷款基准利率与市场利率并轨，提高债券市场定价效率，健全反映市场供求关系的国债收益率曲线，更好发挥国债收益率曲线定价基准作用。增强人民币汇率弹性，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二十四）加强要素价格管理和监督。引导市场主体依法合理行使要素定价自主权，推动政府定价机制由制定具体价格水平向制定定价规则转变。构建要素价格公示和动态监测预警体系，逐步建立要素价格调查和信息发布制度。完善要素市场价格异常波动调节机制。加强要素领域价格反垄断工作，维护要素市场价格秩序。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二十五）健全生产要素由市场评价贡献、按贡献决定报酬的机制。着重保护劳动所得，增加劳动者特别是一线劳动者劳动报酬，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。全面贯彻落实以增加知识价值为导向的收入分配政策，充分尊重科研、技术、管理人才，充分体现技术、知识、管理、数据等要素的价值。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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八、健全要素市场运行机制<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二十六）健全要素市场化交易平台。拓展公共资源交易平台功能。健全科技成果交易平台，完善技术成果转化公开交易与监管体系。引导培育大数据交易市场，依法合规开展数据交易。支持各类所有制企业参与要素交易平台建设，规范要素交易平台治理，健全要素交易信息披露制度。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二十七）完善要素交易规则和服务。研究制定土地、技术市场交易管理制度。建立健全数据产权交易和行业自律机制。推进全流程电子化交易。推进实物资产证券化。鼓励要素交易平台与各类金融机构、中介机构合作，形成涵盖产权界定、价格评估、流转交易、担保、保险等业务的综合服务体系。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二十八）提升要素交易监管水平。打破地方保护，加强反垄断和反不正当竞争执法，规范交易行为，健全投诉举报查处机制，防止发生损害国家安全及公共利益的行为。加强信用体系建设，完善失信行为认定、失信联合惩戒、信用修复等机制。健全交易风险防范处置机制。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（二十九）增强要素应急配置能力。把要素的应急管理和配置作为国家应急管理体系建设的重要内容，适应应急物资生产调配和应急管理需要，建立对相关生产要素的紧急调拨、采购等制度，提高应急状态下的要素高效协同配置能力。鼓励运用大数据、人工智能、云计算等数字技术，在应急管理、疫情防控、资源调配、社会管理等方面更好发挥作用。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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九、组织保障<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（三十）加强组织领导。各地区各部门要充分认识完善要素市场化配置的重要性，切实把思想和行动统一到党中央、国务院决策部署上来，明确职责分工，完善工作机制，落实工作责任，研究制定出台配套政策措施，确保本意见确定的各项重点任务落到实处。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（三十一）营造良好改革环境。深化“放管服”改革，强化竞争政策基础地位，打破行政性垄断、防止市场垄断，清理废除妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法，进一步减少政府对要素的直接配置。深化国有企业和国有金融机构改革，完善法人治理结构，确保各类所有制企业平等获取要素。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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（三十二）推动改革稳步实施。在维护全国统一大市场的前提下，开展要素市场化配置改革试点示范。及时总结经验，认真研究改革中出现的新情况新问题，对不符合要素市场化配置改革的相关法律法规，要按程序抓紧推动调整完善。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
<p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 180%; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 25px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 2em; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
（新华社北京4月9日电）  <span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
<p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 180%; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 25px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 2em; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
（相关报道见第六版） <span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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《人民日报》（ 2020年04月10日 01 版）<strike></strike> </div></div></div>

二猫发表于 2020-4-10 09:39:51

<p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 180%; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 25px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0em; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">　我国经济结构性矛盾的根源是要素配置扭曲，要彻底解决问题，根本途径是深化要素市场化配置改革。近日，《中共中央国务院关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见》（以下简称《意见》）对外公布。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
<p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 180%; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 25px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0em; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
　　“这是党中央、国务院第一次对推进要素市场化配置改革进行总体部署，明确要素市场制度建设的方向和重点改革任务，对于形成生产要素从低质低效领域向优质高效领域流动的机制，提高要素质量和配置效率，引导各类要素协同向先进生产力集聚，推动经济发展质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，加快完善社会主义市场经济体制具有重大意义。”国家发改委有关负责人说。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　坚持问题导向，瞄准各类要素市场存在的突出矛盾和薄弱环节<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　目前，我国商品和服务价格已经由原来的97%以上由政府定价，转变为97%以上由市场定价。要素市场建设和改革也取得重要进展，资本、土地、劳动力市场从无到有，从小到大，市场配置要素资源的能力明显增强。2019年，银行间债券市场成交量达218万亿元，A股总市值达59.29万亿元，土地出让面积和金额分别达22.58万公顷、6.98万亿元，城镇新增就业1352万人，全国技术合同成交额达到2万多亿元。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　但是，同商品市场相比，要素市场发育还不充分，存在市场决定要素配置范围有限、要素流动存在体制机制障碍、要素价格传导机制不畅等问题。这影响了市场对资源配置决定性作用的发挥，成为高标准市场体系建设的一个突出短板。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　“完善要素市场化配置是解决我国经济结构性矛盾、推动高质量发展的根本途径。要素配置的扭曲具有很强的传导性和扩散性，由此造成一系列经济结构性矛盾和问题。加快要素市场化改革是深化供给侧结构性改革、解决制约全局深层次矛盾的重要突破口，对于转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力具有重要意义。”国家发改委有关负责人表示。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　从破除无效供给来看，过剩产能特别是“僵尸企业”是要素配置扭曲的集中反映，要推动“僵尸企业”出清，就要加快形成市场决定要素配置的机制，释放错配的资源，这就要求建立要素初始配置的纠正机制，促进要素合理流动。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　从培育新动能角度来看，要扩大优质增量供给，就要建立促进要素自主有序流动的机制，以市场价格引导资源配置，使得科技创新、现代金融、人力资源等现代生产要素，能够从低质低效领域向优质高效领域流动，提高要素宏观配置效率，共同支撑实体经济发展，形成协同发展的产业体系。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
<p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 180%; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 25px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0em; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
　　“《意见》坚持问题导向，从实际出发，瞄准各类要素市场存在的突出矛盾和薄弱环节，有针对性地提出了改革思路和具体举措。”中国发展研究基金会副理事长、全国政协经济委员会副主任刘世锦说。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
<p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 180%; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 25px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0em; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
　　国务院发展研究中心原副主任王一鸣也认为，我国不同要素的市场化程度差异较大，推进市场化面临的矛盾和问题也各有不同。《意见》坚持问题导向，根据不同要素属性和经济社会发展需要，提出分类推进改革的举措，使要素市场化配置改革更有针对性和可操作性。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
<p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 180%; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 25px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0em; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
　　提出土地、劳动力、资本、技术、数据五个要素领域的改革方向<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
<p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 180%; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 25px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0em; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
　　《意见》充分发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，分类提出土地、劳动力、资本、技术、数据五个要素领域的改革方向和具体举措，构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　土地要素方面，着力增强土地管理灵活性。建立健全城乡统一的建设用地市场。不仅将灵活产业用地方式，探索增加混合产业用地供给，还将灵活土地计划指标管理，城乡建设用地供应指标使用应更多由省级政府负责，探索建立全国性的建设用地、补充耕地指标跨区域交易机制。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　劳动力要素部分，着力引导劳动力要素合理畅通有序流动。一是畅通落户渠道。探索推动在长三角、珠三角等城市群率先实现户籍准入年限同城化累计互认。放开放宽除个别超大城市外的城市落户限制，试行以经常居住地登记户口制度。二是畅通职称评审渠道。完善职称评审制度，以职业能力为核心制定职业标准，畅通非公有制经济组织、社会组织、自由职业专业技术人员职称申报渠道，推进社会化职称评审。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　“近些年来，我国城市化进程的一个重要特点是大都市圈和城市群加快发展，各种生产要素向这些区域集中，推动提升城市聚集效应，提高全要素生产率。可以预见，今后相当长一个时期，我们经常讲到的转型升级、创新驱动、经济增长新动能等，大部分会出现在这些区域。这就要求打通城乡之间人员、资金、技术、土地等要素的双向流动通道，重点是加快城乡接合部的农村集体土地制度改革。”刘世锦说。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　资本要素部分，着力完善多层次的资本市场制度。一是完善股市基础制度建设，制定出台完善股票市场基础制度的意见，坚决打击各种造假和欺诈行为，放松和取消不适应发展需要的管制，提升市场活跃度。二是完善债券市场统一标准建设，统一公司信用类债券信息披露标准，对公司信用类债券实行发行注册管理制。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　技术要素部分，着力激发技术供给活力，促进科技成果转化。一是激活产权激励，深化科技成果使用权、处置权和收益权改革，开展赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点，并行推进职务成果“三权”改革和所有权改革试点。二是激活中介服务活力，培养一批技术转移机构和技术经理人，积极推进科研院所分类改革，加快推进应用技术类科研院所市场化、企业化发展。建立国家技术转移人才培养体系。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　数据要素部分，着力加快培育数据要素市场。通过制定出台新一批数据共享责任清单、探索建立统一的数据标准规范、支持构建多领域数据开发利用场景，全面提升数据要素价值。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　“由于产权制度不完善，特别是体制内职务科技成果的产权界定不清晰，以及数据的产权界定规则尚未建立，我国的技术和数据的要素市场发育迟缓。”王一鸣说，“在新一轮科技革命迅猛发展，大数据、物联网、人工智能等正在成为国际竞争制高点的背景下，加快培育技术和数据要素市场，对于增强我国国际竞争力和推动经济高质量发展都具有重要意义。”<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　中国经济体制改革研究会学术委员会主任宋晓梧认为，把数据作为一种生产要素单独列出，反映了互联网大数据时代的新特征，也是《意见》的理论创新点。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　“目前我国国民经济核算体系，更多的是为国家的宏观调控提供数据依据和参考，从经济社会全面治理的角度看，很多基础数据目前尚不完善。此外，数据作为现代经济社会治理的基础性平台，其权责利体系尚不够完善。”宋晓梧表示，《意见》对于探索建立统一的数据标准规范、支持构建多领域数据开发利用场景，全面提升数据要素价值具有重大现实意义。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　“定价格”向“定规则”转变，加快要素价格市场化改革<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　改革路线图已经明确，那么改革的突破口是什么？<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　“价格机制是市场机制的核心。健全要素市场化配置体制机制，最重要的是加快要素价格市场化改革，健全要素市场运行机制，推动要素配置依据市场规则、市场价格、市场竞争实现效益最大化和效率最优化。”王一鸣说。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　《意见》从更好发挥政府作用角度，提出要大幅度减少政府对要素的直接配置，推进土地、劳动力、资本、技术和数据要素配置的市场化改革，还提出完善要素价格形成机制和市场运行机制，明确政府对要素价格、市场运行的调节和监管内容。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　加快要素价格市场化改革。推动政府定价机制由制定具体价格水平向制定定价规则转变，加强要素价格管理和监督。构建要素价格公示和动态监测预警体系，逐步建立要素价格调查和信息发布制度。健全生产要素由市场评价贡献、按贡献决定报酬的机制，全面贯彻落实以增加知识价值为导向的收入分配政策。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　健全要素市场运行机制。健全要素市场化交易平台，完善要素交易规则和服务，提升要素交易监管水平，增强要素应急配置能力。把要素的应急管理和配置作为国家应急管理体系建设的重要内容，建立对相关生产要素的紧急调拨、采购等制度。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
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　　为将改革落到实处，《意见》明确提出，深化“放管服”改革，打破行政性垄断、防止市场垄断，清理废除妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法，进一步减少政府对要素的直接配置。确保各类所有制企业通过竞争等市场手段平等获取要素。同时，在维护全国统一大市场的前提下，开展要素市场化配置改革试点示范。<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
<p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 180%; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 25px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0em; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
　　刘世锦认为，改革机制很重要，顶层设计要与基层试验有效结合。“顶层设计主要是管方向、划底线，在此前提下，要给地方、基层、企业和个人留出更大的自主选择空间，允许试错纠错，鼓励大胆创新，在更大程度上激发出各个方面的积极性、创造性，加快形成高标准的要素市场体系。”<span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
<br style="color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style='display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(15, 15, 15); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 12px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 200%; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;'>
<p style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 180%; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 25px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0em; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
　　《人民日报》（ 2020年04月10日 06 版）

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关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见