起草文稿前，怎样搜集写作素材？
<p></p><div><br></div><div><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section class="" style="padding-top: 3px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218);"><section style="margin-top: -3px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: -1px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 6px; height: 6px; float: right; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"></section></section><section class="" style="padding: 8px 10px 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: rotateZ(359.67deg);"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(161, 161, 161);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em;">全文字数：1750字</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em;">预计阅读时间：4.5分钟</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -3px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: -3px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 6px; height: 6px; float: left; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); border-radius: 100%;"></section><section style="margin-right: -3px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 6px; height: 6px; float: right; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); border-radius: 100%;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">兵马未动，粮草先行。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">写作素材是起草文稿前的必备“粮草”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如何搜集、找准所需素材，是文秘人员起草优质文稿的必要前提。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">实践中，笔者总结了“七搜法”，这里以起草生态文明建设方面的文稿为例，与大家交流。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 76, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">搜“不易之论”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如，搜集领导同志提出的关于“生态文明”的要求以及相关会议、文件精神等。习近平总书记指出，“绿水青山就是金山银山”“良好生态环境是最普惠的民生福祉”等。党的十八大以来，国家把生态文明建设作为统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局的重要内容，党的十九大报告提出“坚持人与自然和谐共生”等。中央层面相继出台《关于加快推进生态文明建设的意见》《生态文明体制改革总体方案》等。这方面素材是起草文稿时明确原则、任务、举措的主要依据，是确保文稿内容“师出有名”的重要基础。平时应关注时事，加强对文件的学习，建立资料库，以便随时取用。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 76, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">搜源头脉络。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这篇文稿主题是“生态文明”，可以以“文明”为起点收集素材。搞清楚“文明”的定义，了解人类的原始文明、农业文明、工业文明，以及随着人类掠夺性开发和破坏利用自然，导致生态失衡和生存环境恶化，在此背景下，强调人与自然协调发展的生态文明应时而来，等等。这方面素材，借助互联网可以很快搜集到，主要用于讲清楚“生态文明”的来龙去脉，增强文章的厚重感。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 76, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">搜历史观点。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如《易经》《老子》《荀子》《齐民要术》等典籍中都有体现正确处理好人与自然之间关系的观点。法律制度方面，我国古代很早就把保护自然生态的观念上升为国家管理制度，专门设立机构，制定政策法令。具体案例方面，正面的有奔腾不息的长江、黄河是中华民族的摇篮，哺育了灿烂的中华文明；反面的有一度辉煌的楼兰文明被埋于万顷流沙之下，曾经水丰草茂的河西走廊、黄土高原都因生态严重破坏而加剧经济衰落等。这些素材，可通过一些学术论文搜集。主要用于表达推动工作要以史为鉴，把握规律，扬长补短，顺势作为。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 76, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">搜他山之石。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">搜集重要人物的观点，比如马克思认为，“人靠自然界生活”，但“如果说人靠科学和创造性天才征服了自然力，那么自然力也对人进行报复”等。搜集具有代表性的案例，比如恩格斯在《自然辩证法》中写到：美索不达米亚、希腊、小亚细亚以及其他各地的居民，为了得到耕地，毁灭了森林，但是他们做梦也想不到，这些地方今天竟因此而成为不毛之地，因为他们使这些地方失去了森林，也就失去了水分的积聚中心和贮藏库。这方面素材主要用作以邻为鉴，避开别人走过的弯路。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 76, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">搜发展现状。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如，可以搜到：我们大力推动绿色发展，取得明显成效。我们深入实施大气、水、土壤污染防治三大行动计划，我国是世界上第一个大规模开展PM2.5治理的发展中大国，形成全世界最大的污水处理能力。我国率先发布《中国落实2030年可持续发展议程国别方案》，实施《国家应对气候变化规划（2014—2020年）》，等等。同时要看到，我国生态文明建设挑战重重、压力巨大、矛盾突出，推进生态文明建设还有不少难关要过，还有不少硬骨头要啃，还有不少顽瘴痼疾要治，形势仍然十分严峻，等等。这方面素材，既要搜集好本级“内情”，又要搜集好辖地“下情”，便于今后工作中做到对症下药、凸显特色。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 76, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">搜“左邻右舍”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">指搜集与之相关联的其他事物情况。比如，除了生态文明方面，还应熟悉物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明等相关情况，特别是五个文明之间的联动关系，明白物质文明、精神文明、政治文明、社会文明的建设和发展离不开生态文明的建设和发展等。与文稿主题内容关联度越高的素材多多益善，便于全面、系统地看待文稿起草。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 76, 65); box-sizing: border-box !important;">搜未来形势。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">指搜集今后需要遵循的原则、推出的举措以及预期效果等。比如，可以搜到：必须坚持人与自然和谐共生等原则，还要从加快构建生态文明体系、全面推动绿色发展、把解决突出生态环境问题作为民生优先领域、有效防范生态环境风险等方面，坚决打好污染防治攻坚战，最后落笔至为全面建成小康社会、开创美丽中国建设新局面而努力奋斗。这方面素材，需要对各类信息资源进行综合和鉴别，并结合实际融合、创新。搜集这方面素材主要是做到知己知彼，更好地指导和推进下一步工作。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">以上搜集方法，因文体不同，情境不同，有时会用到几种，有时也会全部用到。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文秘人员需在具体实践中加强摸索，做到灵活收集，科学运用。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><font color="#595959" face="-apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif"> 原创： 吴迪 秘书工作</font></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 15px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important;">作者单位：江苏连云港市政府办公室</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 15px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important;">）</span></section></div>
页:
[1]