"连抄也不愿抄"，基层写材料为何这么苦？
<p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: right; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important;">来源 | 解放日报·上观新闻</span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: right; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作者 | 廖德凯</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: right; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">起草公文、制定文件、上报材料，是基层工作分内之事。然而，近年来文件材料搬抄拼凑现象屡有发生。经《半月谈》记者梳理统计，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">近八成“文抄公”集中在基层。</strong></span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">而一些基层干部则反映，近年来，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">某些政府机关里的年轻科员越来越不愿写材料了，甚至“连抄也不愿抄”。</strong>问题出在哪里？</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">曾经看到一篇批评年轻基层干部状态的文章，说“让他写个材料，感觉比登天还难，不乐意，不积极全都表现出来”，“年轻干部习惯网上下载，东拼西凑，应付差事”。</span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作者于是得到结论，不愿写材料“主要还是因为年轻干部怕吃苦，不愿费心思动脑筋”。相信这篇文章所说都是实情，“怕吃苦”三个字，某种程度上也回答了基层干部不愿写文件材料的原因。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">问题是，写材料，为什么会成了苦差事？</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作为进行具体落实政策法规措施的基层，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">材料应该主要是向群众传达上级精神，向上级报告落实情况</strong>，实实在在，简简单单，并不涉及高深的理论升华与精巧的写作技巧。</span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">基层在执行政策的过程中，并不反对“拿来主义”，相反，还要鼓励基层借鉴参考好的经验做法，如果切合本地实际，适当借鉴也没有问题。落实同一政策，贯彻同一文件，复制、推广其它地方的成熟经验和有效做法，非但正常，有时还是很高效的。</span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">贯彻落实相关工作，讲究的是实际工作效果，什么办法好用就用什么办法，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在实际需要时“拷贝不走样”，没有什么可多指责的</strong>——当然，如果西安的落实材料，却落郑州的款，那就是基本的工作态度问题了。这是另一个层面的话题。</span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">而基层上报材料，主要是反映基层做了什么，有什么效果，存在什么问题和困难，需要什么支持……需要实实在在，做了什么就写什么，效果怎样就怎样写，有问题说问题，有困难谈困难。这样的材料，并不需要拔高和提升，不需要多少“理论深度”，只要做事务实，谁都能写——如果要说难，那肯定是难在没有做实事，找不到写的。对上级来说，这种实实在在的材料，也才是最实用、最具决策参考价值的“第一手材料”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">都这样写材料，大约就不存在什么“苦差事”了。可惜的是，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">现在对基层材料的要求，偏离了基层的实际</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">，甚至某些上级对基层材料的某些要求，看似精益求精、要求严格，其实恰恰让自己失去了真正的“干货”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如，一个简单的工作简报，结构上要求<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“无三不立（至少要有三个部分）”</strong>，内容上要求“有一定的理论深度”，方法措施上要求“可推广借鉴”，整体要求“有分析有思考有价值”……参加会议发言，原本充满泥土气息的基层发言稿，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">以“保证会议效果”为由，反复打回修改</strong>，甚至组成专班专门审改基层发言稿，把个性鲜明的发言稿改成了千篇一律四平八稳的“八股文”。还有时，一个简简单单的基层数据，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">非得设计成一份精密而细化的复杂表格，让基层填得痛苦不堪。</strong>林林总总，不一而足。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一动笔就被五花大绑，束手束脚，写材料自然成了苦差事。</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">深究下去，这“材料难”，主要就难在上面的要求太多，以及部分基层领导好大喜功。基层领导好大喜功很好理解，有的领导到了基层，总想留下自己的施政痕迹，想方设法迎合“创新”，不愿踏踏实实抓落实，却寄望于手下“笔杆子”妙笔生花。这可谓是，上有所好，下必“苦”焉。对“笔杆子”们来说，除了绞尽脑汁，还能做什么呢？长此以往，又有谁乐意写材料呢？</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“写材料”之苦，是基层干部的痛点，也是亟需“减负”的方面。</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">与解决其他许多问题一样，要让基层干部重拾写材料的信心，还得“上改所好”——上级和领导干部要端正自己的工作态度和执政理念，从实际出发，从实事干起。</span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">别片面苛责基层在实践中“照搬照抄”，而应该多看“照搬照抄”的效果如何；别要求上报材料花团锦簇，而要多看内容实不实，数据准不准；<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">别盲目设计一些基层无法做到的材料要求，而要多为基层松松绑，允许“笔杆子”们按照工作实际放开手脚。</strong></span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把本该属于基层的时间还给基层，让基层干部充分调研，写出实实在在反映基层实际的材料</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">，为上级制定政策提供有益的参考，这样既能解决基层的实际问题，又能增加基层干部的成就感，而且写材料也不再是一项苦差事，何乐而不为呢？</span></p><div><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></span></div><p></p>
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