老猫 发表于 2019-7-14 21:09:14

例析如何把文稿写活的技巧?

<section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="93313" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-width="98%" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 663.453px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(141, 3, 3); border-radius: 12px;"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-top: -30px; padding: 1em 0.8em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">各位朋友,大家好!我是清水拂心,今天晚上</span><span style="max-width: 100%; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 15px; text-decoration-line: underline; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3MDI1OTMxOQ==&amp;mid=2650206572&amp;idx=4&amp;sn=8e761df551ba3e4c75437012f5c1d104&amp;chksm=873dd674b04a5f6257da77841a65921602e248a02181326026598dd554ae07b0fe4cafe7f30c&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data-itemshowtype="0" data-linktype="2" hasload="1" style="color: rgb(87, 107, 149); text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">老秘网公文课</strong></a><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">堂</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">由我与大家一起交流《例析把文稿写活的技巧》。在举例剖析之前,我们先一起来交流两个问题:</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是文稿需不需要写活?</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是把文稿写活有哪些内涵要求?</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%; width: 672.391px; display: flex; justify-content: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding-right: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: 40px; background-color: rgb(247, 244, 239);"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-left: -65px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 70px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: 30px; float: right; font-size: 16px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(195, 43, 40); line-height: 30px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿需不需要写活?</strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%; width: 71px; float: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">提到文稿起草的标准,更多的是写准、写实,即准确表达意图,丰实表达要求,似乎对写活没有太高要求。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">对此,个人认为,</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是有的文稿需要写活,有的文稿不需要写活。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如,有些约定俗成、相对严肃的文件类文稿如决定、公报等,鉴于其功能需要和使用场合,一般以写准写实为主,不宜写活。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">而领导讲话稿、会议发言稿、总结材料等文稿特别是演讲稿、致辞稿,则可以写活。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">写活就是写新、写亮、写出彩,能够起到让人眼前一亮、直抵受众心智的效果。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是把文稿写活,必须建立在写准写实的基础上。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">公文文稿具备以文辅政的实用功能,这一功能决定了他的首要标准是写准写实。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把文稿写活,也要遵守这一首要标准。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">写活必须是写准写实前提下的写活,是兼顾写准写实的写活。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是文学作品写活与公文文稿写活有一定区别。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“活”有活灵活现、有声有色、惟妙惟肖、栩栩如生之意。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文学作品写活,除了写作形式上的写活之外,还有文学形象的写活,文学形象生动逼真,呼之欲出,如在眼前。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">公文文稿写活,仅指写作形式、技巧层面的写活。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这是两者在写活上的区别。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是把文稿写活,代表着文稿质量的较高层次。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在文稿写作实践中,写准写实并不难,难的是写活、写新、写亮。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如果把文稿写活了,就有声有色、有张力、有生命力了。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">相较于中规中矩的公文来说,其可读性更强、质量更高。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">综上所述,文稿需要写活。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">特别是要想使自己的文稿质量攀升到较高的层次,必须在写活上下功夫,认真琢磨把文稿写活、写出彩的技巧。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%; width: 672.391px; display: flex; justify-content: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding-right: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: 40px; background-color: rgb(247, 244, 239);"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-left: -65px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 70px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: 30px; float: right; font-size: 16px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(195, 43, 40); line-height: 30px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把文稿写活有哪些内涵要求?</strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%; width: 71px; float: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在回答第一个问题时,我们已经明确一点,即文稿写活主要是写作形式、写作技巧层面的写活。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">具体来说,主要是三个方面的写活,<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">即标题拟制的写活,材料组织的写活,语言表达的写活。</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(其实,这3个方面囊括了公文的五要素。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">上述的标题拟制,已兼有主题主旨、结构框架、标题观点等内容。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如,主标题就是主题主题,标题的合体就是结构框架。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">因此,把文稿写活,要注重把文稿的各要素写活。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">)</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">换个角度,如果单纯从“活”的含义来说,把文稿写活,就是要追求形式新颖、活泼、多样、精巧,力戒生硬、粗糙等毛病。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">综合上述两个角度,得出结论:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把文稿写活的内涵要求是,标题拟制、材料组织、语言表达要新颖、活泼、多样、精巧。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通过回答这两个问题,相信大家对文稿写活有个基本的初步的认识。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">下面,我们采取案例剖析的方式,一起交流把文稿写活的具体技巧。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、标题拟制要“活”</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">俗话说,标题是文章的眼睛。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">眼睛闪亮,才能一下子吸引人、抓住人。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把文稿写活,最首要的就是把标题写活,让人一看就能心生震撼,一看就牢记在心,一看就深表认同、深为折服。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">按照不同的文稿体例,一起来看一些鲜活、活泼的精彩标题。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">首先看一些鲜活的的领导讲话稿标题。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1.鲜活的领导讲话稿标题。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">领导讲话稿在所有公文文稿中应用最多,其形式也最活。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">根据不同的主题、不同的场合、不同的角色,有其不同的写法。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">但万变不离其宗的是,领导讲话稿的基本要求是直抵受众心智,让受众愿听乐听,听得懂听得进,听后能提高认识、奋起行动、抓好落实。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如此,才能达到领导讲话的目的。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">因此,领导讲话稿标题要写活,特别是标题要写活,必须是基于直抵受众心智的写活。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">个人认为,鲜活的领导讲话稿标题主要有以下几种类型。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(1)第一种类型:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“活”在朴实、直白。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例《在半年经济形势分析会上的讲话》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一要看清楚。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">看趋势、看位次、看问题、看状态。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二要想明白。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">想明白发展原则、发展思路、发展步骤、发展布局、发展路径、发展重心。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三要干实在。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">要明确任务、分解任务、落实任务,要处理好快与慢、发展与稳定、干群、统筹兼顾与重点突破等各种关系,要抓好三个重点。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例《XXX讲话》:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是2008年,对东山至关重要。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是2008年,有困难、有挑战。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是2008年,决胜志在必得。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">咬定目标,坚韧不拔,敢负责敢担当,深入抓认真干。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是2008年,向监督要成效。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五是2008年,集中精力抓干部队伍建设。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这项工作很重要,这项工作很难,我们有信心迎难而上。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例《在2016年度“京青专家服务团”活动安排部署会上的讲话》:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是大美青海建设急需人才全力推动。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是促进基层发展渴望优秀人才服务。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是扩大服务成果务必营造良好环境。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例《讲话》:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是对招商引资和项目建设该怎么看?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是检验招商引资和项目建设看什么?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">干好招商引资和项目建设怎么办?</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(2)第二种类型:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“活”在激昂、振奋。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例《春意盎然从头越》:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是从头越,主动融入的雄心要更壮。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是从头越,跨越发展的步伐要更快。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是从头越,精彩开局的标准要更高。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是从头越,争先赶超的劲头要更足。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例《讲话》:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是要勇于担当,一抓到底强化执行。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是要勇于突破,一鼓作气攻坚克难。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是要敢于尝试,一往无前大胆创新。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是要敢于超越,一马当先夺旗争星。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五是要强化服务,一以贯之优化环境。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">六是要强化团结,一心一意共谋发展。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例《在市委党校2016年秋季班开学典礼上的讲话》:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是不忘历史,在薪火相传、继往开来中继续前进。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是不忘信仰,在站稳立场、满怀自信中继续前进。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是不忘责任,在咬定目标、敢于担当中继续前进。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是不忘宗旨,在心系群众、服务人民中继续前进。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五是不忘标准,在保持纯洁、追求先进中继续前进。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(3)第三种类型:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“活”在新颖、生动。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《在省委党校秋季学期开学典礼上的讲话》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是不忘初心、继续前进,要始终铭记我们从哪里来。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是不忘初心、继续前进,要始终铭记我们向何处去。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是不忘初心、继续前进,要始终铭记我们该怎么走。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《讲话》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是客观把握当前经济形势。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是准确把握产业发展趋势。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是继续保持重点突破强势。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是充分发挥合力共为优势。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《讲话》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是适应新常态,凝聚改革共识。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是把握新常态,选出改革先锋。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是引领新常态,走出改革新路。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《在“高端创新人才千人计划”部署会上的讲话》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是算好政治账,增强大局观。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是算好经济账,增强使命感。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是算好结构账,增强紧迫感。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是算好进步账,增强责任感。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(4)第四种类型:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“活”在深刻、睿智。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例《讲话》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是对于党委政府来说,要由“管社会”向“社会管”转变。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是对于全县干部来说,要由“做群众工作”向“为群众工作”转变。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是对于群众工作来说,要由“推动群众工作”向“工作群众推动”转变。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《在工作内容上要把握重点》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是坚持教育干部和干部教育相结合,更加突出教育干部;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是坚持领导班子的责任担当和结构功能相统一,更加突出责任担当;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是坚持干部队伍建设长远建设和日常管理相协调,更加突出长远建设;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是坚持监督干部和干部监督相一致,更加突出监督干部;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五是坚持基层党组织政治功能和服务功能相融合,更加突出政治功能;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">六是坚持用人主体、人才工作主主体、人才主体想协同,更加突出用人主体;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">七是坚持党的建设制度建设和改革相衔接,更加突出制度建设;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">八是坚持组工干部职业道德和职业能力相促进,更加突出职业道德。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">案例剖析:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">上述四种类型的鲜活领导讲话稿标题各有其特点,或呈现朴实之美,或呈现激昂之美,或呈现新颖之美,或呈现深刻之美。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">不论哪一种形式,都比那些平铺直叙、中规中矩的标题要好,都能直抵受众心智,给受众留下深刻印象。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">至于如何恰到好处地运用这四种类型,个人认为,</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是根据场合适当选择类型。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一般层级越低的会议场合,越要使用朴实直白的标题。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一般动员会、典礼类仪式类等会议场合,宜用慷慨激昂、振奋人心的标题。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是若想体现领导的思路思想,宜用深刻睿智、带有辩证思考的标题。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一般层级越高的领导,越喜欢选择深刻类讲话标题。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是新颖生动类标题具有普遍适用性。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">大多数会议场合的领导讲话,都可求新求亮求出彩,这种新颖的标题或运用排比等修辞手法,或高度概括、极其精炼。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.鲜活的评论文章标题。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">较之领导讲话稿,评论文章的标题更需求活求新。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">鲜活新颖的评论文章标题,才能一下子抓住读者,让读者有读下去的渴望和欲望。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">经过梳理,鲜活的评论文章标题主要有以下几种类型。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(1)第一种类型:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“活”在质问、有力。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《“网红”,除了哗众取宠还有啥》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《为人民服务,我们能拿几分》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《“逆城镇化”,提醒了什么》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《一写作就“撒谎”,谁之过》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《保障房唱“空城计”,“诸葛亮”该当何罪》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(2)第二种类型:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“活”在辩证、深刻。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《靠山吃山,只会坐吃山空》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《改革没有后退键,只有前进钮》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《知责更要知“辙”》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《离任审计,审“钱”还审“绿”》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《把“小问题”当作“大课题”》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(3)第三种类型,“活”在比喻、生动。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《孝不应仅是节日的“特供”》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《理想信念“坚挺”才能走得更远》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《执行党的政策,没有选择题》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《实现伟业,“赶考”仍须在路上》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《脱贫攻坚要补齐“精神短板”》</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">案例剖析:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一般来说,鲜活的评论文章标题都不长,或短而有力,或短而深刻,或短而生动。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">上述三种类型分别体现了这些要求。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">至于选择哪一种类型的标题,依然是具体问题具体分析,视评论文章的主题而定。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.鲜活的演讲稿和致辞标题。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">与领导讲话稿、评论文章相比,演讲稿和致辞在追求写活的要求上体现得更明显、更充分。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">只有鲜活的演讲稿和致辞,才能俘虏受众心智,收到好的效果。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">现列举鲜活的演讲稿和致辞标题如下。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">演讲稿《正能量从哪里来》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是从文化中感悟。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是从集体中汲取。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是从正气中生发。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">演讲稿《调研人的精神家园》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是在我们的精神家园中,有智慧的花。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是在我们的精神家园中,有奉献的果。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是在我们的精神家园中,有正义的魂。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是在我们的精神家园中,有顽强的根。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">演讲稿《因为懂得》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是在那一刻,我懂得了组工干部的价值。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是在那一刻,我懂得了组工干部的精神。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是在那一刻,我懂得了组工干部的情怀。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">演讲稿《美丽的起点》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是迈入初中,就像踏入一扇美丽的大门。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是新的起点里,最美丽的风景就是身边的老师和同学。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是在新的起点里,最美丽的风景就是忙碌而充实的学习生活。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是初中,带给我一种全新的生活,一个美丽的起点。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《在琼州学院三亚校区落成典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一要塑造品格。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二要增创特色。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三要以人为本。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四要勇于创新。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五要更加开放。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《在年终总结会上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是这一年,我们积极响应习近平总书记“树立必胜信念、继续埋头苦干”的新年号召。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是这一年,我们亲历了习近平总书记所讲的“有付出就会有收获”的过程。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是这一年,我们努力实现习近平总书记“既为一域增光,又为全局添彩”的要求。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是新的一年,我们要进一步……。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《北京大学中文系主任陈晓明教授在2017年开学典礼致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">其一、“知止而后有定”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">再说第二句话:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“上善若水”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">其三、“博学而笃志”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《自信前行砥砺奋进——北京中医药大学徐安龙校长在2017级新生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一句话:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">等闲识得东风面,万紫千红总是春。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二句话:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">不畏浮云遮望眼,自缘身在最高层。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三句话:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《学问即人生——清华大学校长邱勇在2017级研究生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是做学问要有高尚的人格,人格的高度决定学问的高度。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是做学问要有丰厚的学养,学养的厚度决定学问的深度。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是做学问要捍卫学术道德,学术道德底线任何人都不能逾越。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《王利明常务副校长在2017年人大法学院新生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是希望大家作为人大法律人,既要胸怀天下,又要情系民生,更要追求正义。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是希望大家发扬人大实事求是的学风,勇于探求真理,勇于创新,勇于实践。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是希望大家严谨治学,刻苦读书。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是希望大家秉承人民大学的务实传统,将仰望星空与脚踏实地紧密结合。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《王树国在西安交通大学2017级研究生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一,要认清时代。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二,要善于反思。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三,要正视困难。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第四,要敢于拼搏。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《立志成长为一名社科人——黄晓勇院长在2017级中国社会科学院研究生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">首先,回望来时的路,要心怀感恩,珍惜已经拥有的一切。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二,立足今天,要敏于世事,洞察当下感知的一切。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三,憧憬未来,既要关注眼前的苟且,更要拥有诗和远方。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《大时代小目标——深圳大学2017级新生开学典礼李清泉校长致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、管理时间,善于学习。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、掌控情绪、理性面对。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、勇于尝试、敢于创新。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《自时代的“三自”——西南交通大学校长徐飞在2017级本科生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、自觉的电筒。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、自强的尺子。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、自律的闹钟。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《治学“三常”——西南交通大学校长徐飞在2017级研究生开学典礼上的讲话》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、学之“博”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、学之“化”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、学之“判”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《更始、修心、通达,同力共筑“成工梦”——严余松校长在成都工业学院2017级新生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一,不破不立,循光前行。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二,享受独处,静修自我。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三,匠人之心,学贵读书。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《立身大学,瞭望世界——校长王迎军在华南理工大学2017级新生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">首先是要掌握学习方法。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二,要扩展学习的范围。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三,在学习知识的过程中更好地学习做人。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《校长童世骏在华东师范大学2017年新生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一,希望你们能通过“做好小事”而“做成大事”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二,希望你们能通过“创获智慧”来“陶熔品性”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三,希望你们能够在涉及得失的选择前经受考验。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《把“小”留给青春,用“大”书写未来——顾晓园书记在北京第二外国语学院017年新生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一,不能只有“小确幸”,二外人要追求“大价值”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二,不能只有“小清新”,二外人要胸怀“大责任”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三,不能只有“小独立”,二外人要融入“大集体”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《责任——校长刘献君在华中科技大学2017级新生开学典礼上的致辞》:第一,求学之责。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二,成人之责。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三,理性之责。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第四,角色之责。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《学在西航,扬帆起航,用奋斗书写最美青春——赵居礼院长在2017级新生开学典礼暨军训动员大会上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是学在西航,要有迷人的自信。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是学在西航,要有储备知识的能力。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是学在西航,要有独立思考的能力。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是学在西航,要有明辨是非的能力。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五是学在西航,要遵法守纪,成为有文化的人。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《北京科技大学校长张欣欣在2017级本科生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、同学们要做一名中华民族伟大复兴的忠实“华粉”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、同学们要做一枚为“北科梦”添砖加瓦的“贝壳侠”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、同学们要做一名新时代意志坚强的“钢小伙、铁姑娘”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《北京信息科技大学校长王永生在2017级新生开学典礼上的致辞》:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、树立远大理想,勇担时代责任。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、夯实理论基础,培育科学精神。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、践行勤信文化,塑造独立人格。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">案例剖析:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">上述标题案例虽未细分为不同类型,但细细琢磨其标题之所以鲜活的原因,无非以下几种:</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是注重运用排比、比喻、引用等修辞手法,彰显气势,体现生动,追求形式与内容兼具之美。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如上述案例中的“一是在我们的精神家园中,有智慧的花。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是在我们的精神家园中,有奉献的果。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是在我们的精神家园中,有正义的魂。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是在我们的精神家园中,有顽强的根。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”“一、自觉的电筒。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、自强的尺子。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、自律的闹钟。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”“第一句话:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">等闲识得东风面,万紫千红总是春。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二句话:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">不畏浮云遮望眼,自缘身在最高层。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三句话:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是注重简短、有力,集中阐明要义,直接提出要求。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如上述案例中的“第一,求学之责。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二,成人之责。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三,理性之责。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第四,角色之责。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”“一要塑造品格。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二要增创特色。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三要以人为本。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四要勇于创新。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五要更加开放。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”“一是从文化中感悟。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是从集体中汲取。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是从正气中生发。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”“一、管理时间,善于学习。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、掌控情绪、理性面对。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、勇于尝试、敢于创新。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是注重辩证表达,彰显深度深刻,体现理性思考,具备思想睿智和理论伟力。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如上述案例中的“一,不能只有“小确幸”,二外人要追求“大价值”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二,不能只有“小清新”,二外人要胸怀“大责任”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三,不能只有“小独立”,二外人要融入“大集体”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”“第一,希望你们能通过“做好小事”而“做成大事”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二,希望你们能通过“创获智慧”来“陶熔品性”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三,希望你们能够在涉及得失的选择前经受考验。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”“一是希望大家作为人大法律人,既要胸怀天下,又要情系民生,更要追求正义。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是希望大家发扬人大实事求是的学风,勇于探求真理,勇于创新,勇于实践。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是希望大家严谨治学,刻苦读书。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四是希望大家秉承人民大学的务实传统,将仰望星空与脚踏实地紧密结合。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><img class="rich_pages " data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.5342592592592592" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ibu3SMOO7ghk22iaIKrCRwAZicoabA7bHIIOjWbbw7P5wfekxMAlbnVUU314f8Vjd4EJasiclgysLlpzDUD5wuot2w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" _width="677px" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ibu3SMOO7ghk22iaIKrCRwAZicoabA7bHIIOjWbbw7P5wfekxMAlbnVUU314f8Vjd4EJasiclgysLlpzDUD5wuot2w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; width: 677px !important; visibility: visible !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、材料组织要活</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们经常说,主题主旨是灵魂,结构框架或标题观点是骨骼,那么材料组织就是血肉。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">标题观点确定之后,关键就是要合理组织材料,充分论证观点,有序摆布论据,为标题观点提供有力支撑。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在介绍材料组织之前,我们先回顾下学生时代学习到的议论文三要素论点、论证、论据。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">据百度百科介绍,论点是正确鲜明阐述作者观点的句子,一篇文章一般有一个中心论点和多个分论点;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">论据是支撑论点的材料,是用来证明论点的理由和根据,分为事实论据和理论论据两种;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">论证是用严密论据来证明论点的过程,论证的目的在于揭示出论点和论据之间的内在逻辑关系,论证的方法主要有举例论证、引用论证、对比论证、比喻论证、归纳论证、演绎论证、类比论证、因果论证等。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如果应用到公文文稿中,论点就是文稿的标题观点,论据就是段落里的各种材料,论证就是组织材料的过程或方式。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">材料组织要“活”,主要有两个方面的含义</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是材料“活”,即使用的论据“活”;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是材料的组织形式“活”,即论证方式“活”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">至于材料“活”,很好理解,就是选择鲜活、出彩的材料,为文章增色添彩,这里不做剖析。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们重点剖析如何让材料组织的形式活起来。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">个人认为,材料组织形式活起来的类型,主要有以下几种。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1.“活”在循序渐进、逻辑严密。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">材料组织部分,虽然只有某个段落,有的甚至只有几句话,但很讲究层次清晰、逻辑严密。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">拿领导讲话稿来说,一般的、中规中矩的材料组织,多分为三个层次,第一个层次是段首导入语,或介绍背景或阐明意义,以引出观点;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二个层次是提出观点;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三个层次就是围绕观点来部署具体任务、提出具体要求。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(个人曾在以前的课程中专门交流过领导讲话稿段首导入语的几种类型和部署任务的几种表达方式,相关文章分别发表在《应用写作》2016年第10期和2017年第9期。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">)总之,循序渐进、逻辑严密是一切材料组织的基本要求,不仅中规中矩的材料组织需要遵循,鲜活的材料组织也要遵循。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一起来看几则循序渐进、逻辑严密的材料组织实例。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">段落:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">坚持重点工作重点抓,常规工作常规抓,这是近年来我们抓工作落实的一条基本经验。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">越是工作头绪多、任务重,越要抓紧重点工作和紧要环节。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">从全局工作来讲,……。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">从各个处室来说,……。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">具体到每一名同志,……。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">特别是处室负责同志更要……。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">段落“严守政治纪律和政治规矩”:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">组织部门是党的政治机关,是管党治党的重要职能部门,讲政治是第一位的要求。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">中央领导同志一再强调,组织部门应该成为党性最强的部门。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【阐述为什么】讲政治、讲党性,核心是对党绝对忠诚,这是做好组织工作的首要政治原则、组织部门的首要政治本色、组工干部的首要政治品质。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">绝对忠诚要害就在“绝对”两个字,是唯一的、彻底的、无条件的、不掺任何杂质的、没有任何水分的忠诚,是忠诚的最高境界。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【阐述是什么】做到绝对忠诚,必须坚定正确的政治方向,坚定马克思主义信仰,坚定社会主义和共产主义信念,坚定“四个自信”,经常主动地向党中央看齐,向党的理论和路线方针政策看齐;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">必须坚定不移地把中央和自治区党委的要求落实到组织工作各方面,对重要部署的任务、自治区党委交办的事情,第一时间作出回应,第一时间做好安排,第一时间抓好落实,切实做到中央和自治区党委提倡的坚决响应、决定的坚决照办、禁止的坚决杜绝。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【阐述怎么做】</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">案例剖析:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">首先分析第一个例子,第一句是段首导入语,阐述“抓重点抓关键”这一观点的意义;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二句是观点句,提出“要抓重点抓关键”这一观点;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三四五六句分别从不同层面来论证观点。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三四五句是一个逻辑层面的,相互并列。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五六句是一个逻辑层面的,呈递进关系。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">可见,短短的几句话,但逻辑很严密、论证充分有序。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">再分析第二个例子,看起来一大段话,但有着清晰的“为什么—是什么—怎么办”3个层次。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通过这两个例子启发我们,在材料组织时,只要把层次捋顺,以严谨的逻辑服人,就能使文稿鲜活起来、厚实起来。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.“活”在举例说明、具体明白。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">举例子论证观点、提出要求,比单纯地直接地部署任务、提出要求,往往更中听些,更具体些,也更生动些。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">举例论证或者说通过举例来组织材料,能够避免单纯说教、苍白指示,是让材料组织“活”起来的常用方法之一。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">很多大领导都擅长用举例子的方法、用“比如”的表达方式,来论理、说事,来作动员、提要求。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一起来看下面几则例子。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">段落“掌握政策”:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">政策是组织人事工作的生命。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">政策就是“尚方宝剑”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">掌握了政策就掌握了“尚方宝剑”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">无论是干部工作、党建工作,还是人才工作,都有各种明确的政策规定,这是我们做好工作的根本遵循。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把握政策、遵循政策要求,我们不仅要对当前政策进行掌握,同时也要对历史政策有所了解。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如关于干部工资政策,它的原则是什么、历史是什么,是在什么样的情况下出台的等,都是有历史渊源的。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">只有全方面掌握了政策,我们的工作才会游刃有余;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">反之,如果政策理解不准、把握不透、执行不力,不仅不能干好工作,而且会带来危害、造成损失。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">你自己都不清晰,把握不住,你怎么去跟别人解释,做好工作?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">因此,我们一定要增强政策意识,不断提高政策运用能力。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">段落“要提高谋划推动组织工作科学发展的意识和能力”:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">谋事是干事的基础。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">近年来无论是组织工作所服务的中心大局,还是自身所承担的从严管党治党任务,都在发生深刻改变,各类新情况新问题层出不穷。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作为组织部门的领导班子,必须进一步在提高宏观思考和战略谋划上下功夫。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如,十八届五中全会提出了“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”五大发展理念,我们要加强前瞻思考,研究如何通过发挥好考察评价的指挥棒作用、选拔任用的导向作用、教育培训的引领作用、管理监督的约束作用,更好地落实干部保障职责,推动“五大理念”落实。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">又如,总书记强调抓好党建是最大的政绩,我们要研究如何通过严抓党建责任制落实,来推动各级党委(党组)真正把管党治党任务牢牢抓在手上。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一项工作开展了几年之后陷入程序化的模式,其影响力和效果往往随着时间而递减,我们要研究和思考如何在形式和内容上给党建责任制注入新的活力。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">再如,如何利用现代大数据的技术手段为我们整合基层党建、干部、人才工作信息提供支撑和抓手。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这看似一项技术性工作,其实牵一发而动全身,能给组织工作带来革命性改变,以此谋划并采取长远战略性举措,能为推动组织工作科学化水平发挥事半功倍的效果。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">案例剖析:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">先分析第一个例子,其中1-4句是段首导入语,第5句是观点句,提出“要把握当前政策和历史政策”这一观点。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">紧着着就是用举例说明的方法来论证观点。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">举例论证完后,最后一句收尾,提出要求“要增强政策一是,提高政策运用能力”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">试想,如果没有这个例子,那么提要求就会轻飘飘的、苍白无力、生硬直接。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">有了这个例子,就让受众深刻体会到掌握历史政策的重要性、紧迫性。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在此基础上再提出要求,就会顺理成章,受众便能予以认同、自觉接受并践行。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这就是举例论证的好处。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">再分析第二个例子,其中1-2句是段首导入语,第3句是观点句,提出“组织部门的领导班子要进一步提高宏观思考和战略谋划”这一观点,后面采用“如”“又如”“再如”3个例子,恰到好处地论证观点,阐明“组织部门的领导班子如何做到进一步提高宏观思考和战略谋划”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">连举3个例子,让整个材料组织很具体、很厚实,让观点得到了强有力的支撑。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.“活”在讲述故事,增强说服力。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">讲故事和前者的举例子,有相同的功效,即生动不单调,化平淡平凡为神奇。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">此外,通过讲故事来论证观点、组织材料,要么以故事论理,要么以故事来动情,都能达到引发读者共鸣、直抵受众心智的效果。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一起来看几则实例。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《在全县2010年经济工作会上的讲话》开头段:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在我报告工作之前,我想讲一件来到睢宁工作后亲身经历的事。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">有一次陪上级领导到一个偏僻的村检查工作,路遇一个40多岁的农家妇女,这位领导便与这个大嫂聊起了家常,结果这位大嫂从国际形势到国内形势对政治侃侃而谈,令在场的人非常吃惊。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我说这事的目的是引起大家注意。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">关心政治不是坏事,但我们的血液里是不是政治的基因太多了?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">所以,我们的社会生活很容易陷入纠纷、矛盾。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">睢宁现在最需要避免的一个问题就是:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">凡事泛政治化,而最需要强化的是大家对经济的兴趣、对数字的敏感,最需要提高的是发展经济的能力,为我们的血液里注入更多的经济基因,让广大干部群众懂经济、会抓经济。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">案例剖析:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">上述例子中的故事重在论理,以故事来把观点所含的道理讲透、讲具体。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">很多评论文章,经常会拿案例来论理说事。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">用故事来论理,明显其信服力更高,这是其他材料组织形式所无法比拟的。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.“活”在理论分析、彰显深度高度。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">理论分析是提高文稿站位、提升文章深度的重要手段。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如果在材料组织中运用理论分析,就会让文稿一下子出色出彩不少。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">所谓理论分析,主要是运用马克思辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义、运用不同学科知识的理论或规律性结论、运用心理学管理学经济学各种法则效应定律定理原理悖论等、运用战略思维等科学思维方式,来论证观点。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">上述4个层面,本身都是规律的总结,具有理论的深度。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">拿这些主义、理论、法则、定律、思维来论证观点、组织材料,自然会增加文稿的深度和高度。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一起来看几则例子。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">段落:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">马克思主义强调坚持“两点论”和“重点论”的统一。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">全面从严治党既要抓全面、抓整体,也要抓重点、抓关键,抓主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">领导干部肩负着贯彻执行党的理论和路线方针政策、推动各项事业发展的神圣职责,其一言一行、一举一动,对党员干部具有重要的示范导向作用。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把这部分人抓好了,就能带动党员干部齐步向前走。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">因此,抓住领导干部这个“关键少数”,就抓住了全面从严治党的“牛鼻子”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">段落:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">马斯洛需求层次理论认为,人类的需求由低向高可分5个层次:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">生理需求、安全需求、爱和归属感、尊重需求和自我实现需求。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">就人性实际而言,如上需求分层虽大体存在,却并非严谨。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">更多、更现实的情况是人类只要能解决基本生存和安全问题,受人尊重的需求便与“饮食男女”一样,是人类最常见、最基本的需求之一,彼此的区别大多不是层次上的,而是时间、地点上的。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">…………</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例段落:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">要强化战略思维,主动把地方发展和本职工作放在党和国家发展的全局中来思考;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">强化历史思维,准确把握事物发展的普遍规律来指导现实工作;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">强化创新思维,注重因地制宜、与时俱进地把党中央决策落实到位;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">强化辩证思维,用矛盾分析法抓住影响发展的关键问题;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">强化法治思维,做到依法用权、依法行政;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">强化底线思维,从最坏处打算、做最充分准备、争取最好结果,把各项工作主动权牢牢抓在手上。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例段落:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“五个过硬”环环相扣、相辅相成,信念过硬管方向,政治过硬立根本,责任过硬重担当,能力过硬打基础,作风过硬强保障,共同构成新时代党员干部的重要行为准则和基本价值追求。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例段落:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">全面从严治党,核心是加强党的领导,基础在全面,关键在严,要害在治。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“全面”就是管全党、治全党,面向8700多万党员、430多万个党组织,覆盖党的建设各个领域、各个方面、各个部门,重点是抓住“关键少数”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“严”就是真管真严、敢管敢严、长管长严。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“治”就是从党中央到省市县党委,从中央部委、国家机关部门党组(党委)到基层党支部,都要肩负起主体责任,党委书记要把抓好党建当作分内之事、必须担当的职责;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">各级纪委要担负起监督责任,敢于瞪眼黑脸,勇于执纪问责。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3年多来从严治党的实践已经试出了人心向背,我们必须坚持不懈抓下去,使管党治党真正从宽松软走向严紧硬。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">案例剖析:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">上述5个例子中,第1个例子是运用马克思辩证唯物主义来组织材料,第2个例子是运用心理学的马斯洛需求层次理论来组织材料,第3个例子是运用科学的思维方式来组织材料,第4和5个例子是通过辩证思维、系统思维等思维方法对观点进行理论分析。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这些鲜活的材料组织,都运用了理论分析的方法。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这种材料组织的方法很好理解,但不容易做到,需要在打牢理论功底上下功夫,在积累梳理相关理论、法则、效应、定律等知识上下功夫。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我曾系统梳理马克思主义3大观点16个基本原理和方法论,正在逐步积累梳理心理学管理学法则效应定律,经济学理论悖论,社会学各种心态等。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">希望大家有时间也可收集。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在文稿起草中,适当地运用这些规律性理论,会让文稿瞬间拔高站位、提高深度。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5.“活”在提纲挈领、高度概括。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">材料组织中的高度概括,就是用“总体要求”“主要任务”“推进思路”“推进路径”“重要抓手”“目标指向”等词语,直接把核心要求提出来,让读者一目了然,瞬间把握纲领性要求。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如下述例子。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">段落“始终聚焦重点任务,全力推进各项改革工作”:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">深化党建制度改革,总的要求就是刘云山同志提出的4句话:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把握方位,把准方向,抓住重点,抓好落实;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">主要任务就是中央和自治区改革方案提出的5个方面:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">深化党的组织制度改革、干部人事制度改革、党的基层组织建设制度改革、人才发展体制机制改革和健全改进作风长效机制;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">推进思路就是赵乐际部长强调的24个字:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">坚持问题导向,突出主干制度,重在务实管用,着力抓好执行。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这是我们推进党建制度改革的基本遵循,需要我们准确把握、认真贯彻,始终做到方向不偏、重心不移、推进有力、落实有效。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《在自治区人才工作协调小组2016年第1次会议上的讲话》开头段:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">今年是全面建成小康社会决胜阶段开局之年。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">破解发展难题、增强发展动力、厚植发展优势,更加需要各类人才的强大支撑。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">赵乐际部长在全国组织部长会议上指出,做好今年人才工作,目标指向是紧紧围绕实施人才优先发展战略、形成具有国际竞争力的人才制度优势、聚天下英才而用之;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">重要抓手是落实深化人才发展体制机制改革意见;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">推进路径是因地制宜、注重发挥比较优势,鼓励各地、各方面、各层次结合实际探索、实践、创新。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这为我们做好人才工作指明了方向,提供了遵循。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">下面,我就做好今年人才工作,讲四个方面意见。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6.“活”在说文解字、追根溯源。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">说文解字、阐释字词源义是打开思路的有效方法。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">同时,通过说文解字、追根溯源,也是用来组织材料、使材料鲜活起来的有效途径。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">试看下述例子,就是通过对“法”字进行说文解字,恰到好处、足够信服地阐述了法的三层含义,有力地论证了“组织工作推进法治建设的着力所在”这个观点。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">段落:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“法”,在西周金文中写作“灋”,由“氵、廌、去”三部分组成。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">汉代许慎《说文解字》说:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“灋,刑也。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">平之如水,故从水;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">廌所以触不直者去之,从去。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”由此,我们可以看出“法”字的三层含义,即“平如水,明是非,去不直”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这也正是组织工作推进法治建设的着力所在。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">7.“活”在点出问题、有辛辣味。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">点问题,特别是点出有针对性、现实性、严重性的问题,往往能给人一种坐不住等不起、恨不得立马行动抓落实的感觉,一种红脸出汗心跳的感觉,一种如坐针毡、下决心痛改前非的感觉。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">因此,组织材料时,能点问题就点问题,这样针对性和有效性更强,更能达到公文以文辅政、推动工作的目的。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一般来说,评论文章、领导讲话稿中通过点问题来组织材料的比较多。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">下面二则例子就是评论文章运用点问题来组织材料的实例。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例段落:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">现实中,门却还开得不够大。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一些地方征求意见搞“体内循环”,领导听内部意见多,“大官”听“小官”意见多,把机关当基层、把干部职工当群众;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一些部门把征求意见弄成“公文往来”,相互发函征求意见,写些官话、讲点套话,文来文往、客客气气;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一些单位在自己内部大张旗鼓、大造声势,对所服务的群众,却视而不见、按兵不动。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这些做法,让群众的声音传不进来,尖锐的意见提不上去,怎么可能对准焦距、找准穴位?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">门都不打开,群众怎么看出你能坦诚相见、开门纳谏,又如何相信你能直面问题、解决问题?</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例段落:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">议短板、听意见,态度必须真诚,不能只是喊喊口号、做做样子、走走过场。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如果群众满腔热忱提意见,遇到的却是形式主义、官僚主义,或是表面虚心诚恳、实则听不进去,或是左耳进右耳出、敷衍了事不以为然,或是尖锐意见被过滤、刺耳之言就反弹,或是害怕“揭短露丑”丢面子、挨板子,那么,即便我们花了大量时间和精力去听意见,也不会听到多少真言。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">因此,要本着从善如流的态度,拜群众为师、向群众求教,在躬身听取意见中找准本单位的短板。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">8.“活”在有现场感、角色感。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">特别是领导讲话稿开头部分,如果有现场感角色感,一下子就让文稿鲜活起来,而且起到切入自然、让人感到亲切合理的效果。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">以下例子就是如此。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《在苏北花卉“新三板”挂牌仪式上的致辞》开头段:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">今天非常高兴,能在全国中小企业股份转让系统公司,为苏北花卉“新三板”上市敲钟。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">刚才走进这个大厅,心中突然冒出一个问题,想问一问各位。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">大家知道微软的总部在哪?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">惠普的总部在哪?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">宝马的总部在哪?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">罗尔斯—罗伊斯的总部在哪?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">现在我再问一个问题,大家知道苏北花卉的总部在哪吗?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">因为今天我参加了这个活动,通过介绍我的身份,大家都会了解到苏北花卉总部在宿迁。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">但如果今天我这个市长不来的话,有些朋友可能并不知道苏北花卉的总部在哪里,它在江苏省宿迁市沭阳县一个镇。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《在政协睢宁县第十三届委员会第二次会议上的讲话》开头段:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">今天,政协睢宁县第十三届委员会第二次会议隆重开幕了。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这是全县人民政治生活中的一件大事。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在此,我代表县委向大会的召开表示热烈的祝贺!</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">向各位委员和同志们致以亲切的问候!</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">刚才,大家的掌声让我很温暖。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这掌声传递着对我的祝贺和问候的呼应。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这掌声也传递着对所有应邀参加政协会议同志的热情欢迎。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">更重要的是,这些掌声传递着对大会的责任和期待。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我祝福也坚信,这次政协会议和即将开幕的人代会必将是一个集思广益的盛会、团结务实的盛会、凝心聚力的盛会。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在感受掌声温暖的同时,我想到了产生掌声的巴掌。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">巴掌可以用来抽打,表示抗议和批评。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">巴掌可以用来鼓掌,表示喝彩和祝福。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">…………</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">只要我们掌握了上述8种类型,就能让材料组织鲜活起来。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">掌握了上述8种类型,也有助于我们打开论证观点的思路,让文稿变得有血有肉。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><img class="rich_pages " data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.5972222222222222" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ibu3SMOO7ghk22iaIKrCRwAZicoabA7bHII7LKLHknqcFiaLia9FOwiajqYq27ljOpib1dyECBiarSMCSnBUrZqvXcQAibQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" _width="677px" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ibu3SMOO7ghk22iaIKrCRwAZicoabA7bHII7LKLHknqcFiaLia9FOwiajqYq27ljOpib1dyECBiarSMCSnBUrZqvXcQAibQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; width: 677px !important; visibility: visible !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、语言表达要活</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">相比较标题拟制和材料组织要活,语言表达要活,更容易理解些,也更容易操作些。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">鲜活的语言表达,读起来往往要优美生动得多、深刻有理得多、干脆有力得多。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在介绍语言表达之前,我们有必要把握文章表达方式、修辞手法、句子结构形式三者之间的区别。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">其中,文章表达方式也叫表达方法,属于语言表达形式的范畴,是指文章的整体的语言运用形式,而不适用于某个句子,主要有叙述、描写、抒情、议论、说明5种文章表达方式。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">修辞手法是指使句子更加生动形象、富有表现力和艺术美感从而促进文章整体表达效果的方法或手段,一共有63大类78小类,常用的有比喻、拟人、排比、对偶、引用(用典)、反问、设问、反复、夸张等。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">句子结构形式主要是指单句、复句,其中单句分为主谓句或非主谓句,复句由单句组合而成,有并列复句、递进复句、选择复句、转折复句、因果复句、条件复句、假设复句、承接复句等类型。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这里的语言表达要活,主要是指运用修辞手法或结构形式,让句子变得鲜活起来,或者通过语言所蕴含的内容来体现鲜活。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一起来看下面的几则例子。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1.“活”在运用修辞、生动形象。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(1)比喻句</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">城市管理应该像绣花一样精细。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">坚决打赢反不廉洁这场正义之战。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">实现政治生态的“海晏河清、山清水秀”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">真管真严、敢管敢严、长管长严,成为十八大以后管党治党的最强音。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">以理想信仰为圆心、以真学真做真干为半径,才能画出最大的思想同心圆。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">协调小组办公室要进一步发挥参谋室、调度室作用,加强统筹谋划、分类指导和督导检查。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">党内监督是我们党作为执政党跳出“历史周期律”的必由之路,是永葆党的肌体健康的生命之源。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(2)拟人句</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">基层党建在全面进步的道路上不断迈向全面过硬。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">中国青年和共青团把光荣镌刻在祖国大地上、镌刻在历史进程中,党对我国广大青年和共青团充分信赖、寄予厚望!</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把“旗帜鲜明讲政治”刻入骨髓、见诸行动、落在常态。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(3)排比句</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在科技攻关最前沿,在创新创业第一线,在脱贫攻坚主战场,在社会服务各领域,在国际交往大舞台,到处都活跃着青年人的奋斗身影,到处都展现出当代青年爱党爱国的坚定信念、勇于创造的生机活力、甘于奉献的优良品格、自信开放的国际形象。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把增强“四个意识”变成思想自觉、变成党性观念、变成纪律要求、变成实际行动。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">干净,就必须保持共产党人的政治本色,让遵规守纪成为自觉,让严以用权成为习惯,让严格监督成为常态,真正集干净与干事于一身,勤政与廉政为一体。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">担当,就必须干在实处,走在前列,以攻成不必在我的境界,以事不避难的精神,以深厚的为民情怀干事创业,沉下心来为党和人民干出一番事业。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(4)引用(用典)</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">生活中,时常会遇到许多美好的事物,但往往只能“取一瓢饮”;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">走好人生之路,也必须自觉抵抗歧路的诱惑,专注走好内心认定的那条道。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“孔子登东山而小鲁,登泰山而小天下”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">面对世界大发展大变革大调整的新形势,为更好推进人类文明进步事业,我们必须登高望远,正确认识和把握世界大势和时代潮流。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“树高千尺也忘不了根”,人民是历史进步的真正动力,群众是真正的英雄,人民利益是我们党一切工作的根本出发点和落脚点。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">心中有“远方”,写“诗”在眼前,“咬定青山不放松”一任接着一任干,这是中国共产党人的政治本色。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“善始善终、善作善成”“踏石留印、抓铁有痕”“一颗钉子一颗钉子地钉”,这是共产党人的成事风格。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“闭门觅句非诗法,只是征行自有诗”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">目标在脚下,不脚踏实地何以到达“远方”;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">事在手上,不勤奋耕耘,何以写出“诗篇”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">远方无限风光,眼前诗篇如画,让美妙的远方落地,蓝图变为现实,向着远方,写下诗篇行行。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如此,每一首诗,都是向着远方的弹唱。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(5)对偶句</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">身体力行是最有效的示范,以上率下是最有力的引导。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一把手在状态,改革才能在场。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">端平一碗水,抚平众人心。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">有权必有责,有责要担当,用权受监督,失责必追究。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">自身硬气才有公信力,以身作则才有感召力。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">全面从严治党,严到深处靠坚持,治到实处靠韧劲。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.“活”在有新度、有力度、有锐度、有硬度。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">守正出新、向上向好。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">守正出新、清正自守。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">守正纠偏,治旧控新。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">向美而行,择善而从。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">扭住目标,踏实笃行。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">学思践悟,行稳致远。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“定义美好”的能力和“建设美好”的愿力</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">不困于情、不乱于心、不畏将来、不念过往。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.“活”在辩证分析、深刻有理。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">法律是制度存在的最高形式。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">经济下行是后发赶超的良机。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">坚持反腐倡廉与改革发展“力度统一论”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">新常态是当前和今后一个时期经济发展的大逻辑。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">严格执法是对立法成果的最大尊重,也是最有效的普法方式。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">青年常为新,青年也最能为新。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">方向决定道路,道路决定命运。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">最好的领导是感觉不到存在的领导。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">最难做的事不是难事,而是坚持。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">核心不是喊出来的,干出来的核心才能成为真正的核心。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在传承中不忘本来,在开放中吸收外来,在创新中面向未来。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">当代青年既生逢其时,也重任在肩,既是追梦者,也是圆梦人。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">小治治事、中治治人、大治治制。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">治理国家,制度是起根本性、全局性、长远性作用的。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.“活”在言简义丰、逻辑严密。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">正确认识和把握世界大势和时代潮流。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">必须深入领会、牢牢坚持、认真践行新时代党的组织路线。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">始终做到方向不偏、重心不移、推进有力、落实有效。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">案例剖析:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第1种类型的句子,是运用修辞手法达到语言表达鲜活的目的。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第2种类型的句子,是通过句子所蕴含的内容来体现鲜活的,如守正、笃行、愿力等都是从词语含义所彰显出的张力。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第3种类型的句子,是通过句子所体现的逻辑关系来体现鲜活的。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第4种类型的句子,主要是通过词语的并列组合或者说并列复句,让句子带有多层含义、变得丰厚丰实。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">只要我们把握了上述4种语言表达的类型或技巧,我们就能够写出鲜活、有张力的句子,就能让语言表达活起来。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">回头来看,我们通过剖析大量的实例,分别交流了让标题拟制、材料组织、语言表达活起来的类型或者技巧。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">最后,还要提醒一句或者说重复一句,那就是“写活必须是写准写实前提下的写活”,必须以准确、贴切为基础,切忌为“活”而“活”,只追求形式上的活,不重视内容上的活,或者为了形式上的“活”生搬硬套、做作生硬,或者过度标新立异,求新而不求准。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">今晚</span><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3MDI1OTMxOQ==&amp;mid=2650206572&amp;idx=4&amp;sn=8e761df551ba3e4c75437012f5c1d104&amp;chksm=873dd674b04a5f6257da77841a65921602e248a02181326026598dd554ae07b0fe4cafe7f30c&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data-itemshowtype="0" data-linktype="2" hasload="1" style="color: rgb(87, 107, 149); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">老秘网公文课堂</strong></span></a><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">,课题:《例析把文稿写活的技巧》就交流到这里,希望对大家有所启发、有所帮助。感谢大家的支持,谢谢!</span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 17px; text-align: right; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important;">作者:清水拂心(老秘网公文课堂特邀嘉宾)</span></strong></p><p></p>
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