做好基层理论宣讲三“难”三“四”
<blockquote class="" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 20px 15px 15px 48px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(247, 107, 0); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 1.5; background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/6xsuhALdNEr8ZmVegySCLnxIFNbiapIkjzQtojyF4Yc6cqozUlj2iaWK6yhTuFgUGK7ibNVaqFdMbMA1eLo2nAjVA/0/mmbizgif"); background-position: 10px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">宣讲是什么？六年前中宣部编的一本读物扉页写到，理论的价值在于指导实践，理论的生命在于掌握大众，通过基层宣讲员的宣讲，能够把党的创新理论让老百姓听了之后入耳、入脑、入心，让科学理论焕发出蓬勃的生命，这就是理论宣讲员的价值所在。所以我觉得<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">宣讲意义在于党的创新理论、科学理论和基层大众之间架起一座桥梁，</span></strong>我们就是这座桥梁，为什么基层宣讲这样难呢？</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一个难</span></span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是要在非常简短有限的时间里讲清楚很多重要的问题、重大的决策和政策，如果讲的不好可能就会碎片化，可能就会失真。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二个难</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是要把一个指定的命题给成千上万个不同的经历、不同的对象、不同的背景、不同的想法这样的人去做交流，讲得不好就没有针对性。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三个难</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是跟听众都是初次见面，知之不深，可是通过宣讲要达到交心的效果，完成一个深度的交流，要让我们所说的听众能够听的进去，从认知到认同，我觉得这是一个很高难度的活。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 总之，基层宣讲归根到底难在哪呢？它难在深入浅出。所以基层宣讲的规律<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">首先在深入上下工夫，然后在浅出上想办法</strong>。</span></span></p></blockquote><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; height: 32px; line-height: 18px; font-family: 微软雅黑, 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="" style="padding-right: 2px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 2px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(247, 107, 0); line-height: 28px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(247, 107, 0); float: left; display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif !important;">三个“四”，体会基层宣讲如何去做</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><fieldset style="margin-top: 20px; margin-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: currentcolor; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="margin-left: -0.5em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0.5em; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0.3em; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 0.8em; display: inline-block; background-color: rgb(247, 107, 0); transform: rotateZ(-10deg); transform-origin: 0% 100% 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">读懂四本书</span></strong></span></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -1.5em; max-width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(247, 107, 0); font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding: 1.4em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: inherit; color: rgb(253, 176, 0); line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">读懂红头书</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></span>中央市委和有关部门红头的文件，也包括重要的会议精神、政策和法规，需要第一时间关注。全面的研读，长期的跟踪，把这些精神吃深、吃透，读懂红头书这样一个过程，实际上就是我们在为基层宣讲把握灵魂的一个过程，只有读懂了这些红头书才能找准党的工作方向，判明社会发展的趋势，理解事物本身发展的本质，才能够把我们的宣讲讲得准确、不走样。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">读懂各种“皮书”</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></span>我的理解是白皮书、蓝皮书、绿皮书，它能够很全面、很真实、很权威的反映各项事业的最新进展。学习皮书的过程就是对某一个专门问题进行研究的过程。特别要提的我们宣传部门定期汇编的一些宣讲指南、理论热点面对面，把这些皮书看懂我觉得就能帮助我们搭好理论宣讲的一个骨干，能够帮助我们的观点更加的鲜明和清晰。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">读懂纸袋书</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></span>有了灵魂、骨架之后，血肉是非常重要的，老百姓关心一些什么？这个问题的进展是什么？作为党校的科研工作，每一个调研的成果完成之后，我会把它装到一个纸袋子里面实去，这种纸袋书际上我们每个人在自己专门领域所做的研究，可以帮助我们在基层理论宣讲当中提供一些血肉。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">读懂无纸书</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></span>没有纸的，没有字的，就是来自网络，来自广大、电视各类媒体，还包括民间坊间老百姓口口相传的一些看法、一些故事、一些案例。读好无纸书可以让宣讲增加一些味道，或者说一种气运，它会让我们宣讲的过程更加鲜活。</p></span></section></section></fieldset><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><fieldset style="margin-top: 20px; margin-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: currentcolor; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="margin-left: -0.5em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0.5em; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0.3em; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 0.8em; display: inline-block; background-color: rgb(247, 107, 0); transform: rotateZ(-10deg); transform-origin: 0% 100% 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">讲好四句话</span></strong></span></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -1.5em; max-width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(247, 107, 0); font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding: 1.4em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: inherit; color: rgb(253, 176, 0); line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">讲准真话</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></span>要把马克思主义真理讲透彻是不容易的，我们的宣讲对象不管是机关的党员、领导，还是基层的群众，他们所感知的是世间的万象，是人间的百态。这些现象的背后蕴含的就是真理，基层宣讲一定要紧紧的扣住中国发展真实的命运，紧紧的结合上海发展过程当中真实的历程，紧紧的扣住基层老百姓生活当中真实的感受，从这些现象入手来引导群众能够透过现象去看本质。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">讲清实话。</span></strong>这是最为关键的，要求我们号准脉，把好度，站稳脚跟。号准脉就要理解宣讲的对象关系的是什么，他想知道的是什么，而他可能不知道、不清楚的是什么；把好度就不能回避问题或是停于抱怨，而应该针对这些问题去分析问题的原因是什么，讲清楚如何看待这些问题，更要针对这些问题的发展，讲清楚党和政府做了什么、在做什么、未来成效如何，从而让老百姓增强信心，形成共鸣；更要站稳脚跟，对于大众热议的话题，不能人云亦云或是简单附和，要引导大家按照三个标准，按照我们党和政府的各项工作的原则来衡量。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">讲对心话</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></span>实践在不断地发展，如果我们只讲真话和实话，不能及时地跟进回应，时效性就会打折扣，所以一定要紧跟形式、凸出重点，善于选择新的角度、新的话题，还有要善于积累运用新的材料。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">讲好土话</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></span>做交流时能够更多的引用当地经济社会发展当中一些好的事例和人物，老百姓听了之后会觉得非常亲切。还有，我不会讲上海话，但是会强迫自己前三句话用上海话向大家问好，在心理上拉近之间距离。</p></span></section></section></fieldset><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><fieldset style="margin-top: 20px; margin-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: currentcolor; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="margin-left: -0.5em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0.5em; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0.3em; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 0.8em; display: inline-block; background-color: rgb(247, 107, 0); transform: rotateZ(-10deg); transform-origin: 0% 100% 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">做好四种人</span></strong></span></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -1.5em; max-width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(247, 107, 0); font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding: 1.4em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: inherit; color: rgb(253, 176, 0); line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">做好基层的宣讲工作需要我们自己不断提高，我也把它作为对自己的一个勉励，要<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">做到科学理论的忠实信徒、社情民意的调研员、百姓身边政策咨询师，以及党和政府工作的义务观察者。</span></strong>我想我们基层宣讲员按照这样的要求来做的话，我们自己在这个过程当中也会不断地成长进步，会得到更大的乐趣。</p></span></section></section></fieldset><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（作者为宝山区委党校副校长、讲师</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">王湘琳</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">）</span></p><p></p>
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