领导批示的技巧
<section class="" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 27.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">现在，有关中央领导对各种问题的批示，已经成为媒体日常报道的一部分。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">领导在什么情况下会作批示？批示又是怎么落实的？</strong></span>现摘编刊登于《南方周末》第1376期的<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《“领导批示”：微妙技巧与传阅逻辑》</strong></span>一文，与大家分享。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="margin-right: -12px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%; width: 68px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 24px; display: inline-block; transform: skewX(-25deg); background-color: rgb(37, 103, 130); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 7px 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; transform: skewX(25deg); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“领导批示”：微妙技巧与传阅逻辑</strong></span></p></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="87889" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 5px 11.5938px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px solid rgb(63, 63, 63); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(63, 63, 63); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">核心提示：</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">各级官员的批示及其批示在处理各种问题上的“决定性作用”，已然是中国政治的一部分。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">签署一个“阅”字，</strong></span>基本就是表明自己知晓了；<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">而批示指定某部门负责，</strong></span>则关切程度有所提高；<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果指名要“某某同志”等分管领导办理，</strong></span>重视程度就已颇为严重</span></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="margin-top: -8px; margin-left: 493px; max-width: 100%; display: flex; z-index: 99; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">现在，有关中央领导对各种问题的批示，已经成为媒体日常报道的一部分。这些被报道的批示所关注的大多是诸如救灾、春运、煤矿事故等重大问题，而在处理上述问题中，领导批示，也必然会被提及，并作为应对之策的指导原则。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">文化部2010年3月的一份文件说，2009年，中央领导同志批示持续大幅度增长。全年共收到中央领导批示655件，此前的2008年是399件，2007年是378件。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">事实上，更多的批示来自省部直至市县官员。</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这些批示在处理各种问题上的“决定性作用”，已然是中国政治的一部分。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important;">批示和文件一起，成为从中央到乡镇各级党政系统之间政治运行的重要手段。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">这些批示，有的只是一个简单的“阅”字或者干脆是画一个圈，然后消失在各级党政机关的档案室里，有些是“请×××同志会签”而转往其他部门。一些批示需要承办部门派专人前来阅读，并不得带出“保密室”；另有一些，则被工整誊抄，在“一定范围内”传达；有的更进入各级宣传机构视野，成为“重要批示”，全系统乃至全党、全国都要学习。</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">文件与批示，是中国政府这架行政机器最重要的日常吞吐。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据2001年国务院办公厅发布的《国家行政机关公文处理办法》的规定，中国法定的公文有令、决定、公告、请示、批复、函等9种。并没有“批示件”的规定。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">不过国务院机关事务管理局主办的杂志《秘书工作》上刊登的一篇四川省委办公厅工作人员撰写的文章中写道：</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“领导批示是领导部署工作、安排任务、下达指示的重要载体，是领导意志的集中体现，它同领导的讲话一样具有较强的政治思想性和业务指导性。”</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">那么，批示究竟为什么重要？各级不同身份的官员批示时有何惯例？不同用词之间有什么微妙之处？批示又会被如何传阅下达？</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25.6px; display: inline-block; background-color: rgb(31, 73, 125); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">批示</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-left: 4px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">为什么重要</strong></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="7" data-width="95%" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; width: 551px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left: 5px solid rgb(31, 75, 125); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">大多数公务员和机关的日常工作，都难以量化衡量。领导批示的次数，详略，也是衡量其工作进展重要指标</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“批示件”大致可分为两类，一类是在日常的“请示”、“汇报”等需要领导作出正式回复的文件上的批示，另一类则是在“传阅”性质的“工作简报”，“内参”，“通报”等各种信息上做出的批示。</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">前者是主管官员定夺问题的权力体现形式；后者则是表明上级官员对他认为的下级汇报的某个重要事情的态度。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“我的工作就是努力写稿，写大稿，如果上级领导能在上面批示，我这一年的考核就基本评优了。”接受南方周末采访的某地级市公务员小曹说，他现在整天琢磨的，就是如何给自己的稿子“起标题”。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">小曹需要负责撰写本部门“工作简报”的部分内容。他说，上级部门能收到的工作简报，每月都数以百计。“领导看简报，就跟我们看报纸一样，也是大体浏览，看标题，看到感兴趣的标题多读一点；其他的，匆匆掠过”。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“各地的日常工作都差不多，关键还是看起标题，吸引‘读者’眼球。能引起上级领导的重视，就可能被作为上一级部门的工作成绩，进入上级的‘工作简报’。然后层层递进，最终摆上省部领导的办公桌。”小曹说。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">除了公安、城管、民政这类社会管理部门，财政税务之类的政府运转命脉部门，多数公务员和机关的日常工作，都难以量化衡量。领导批示的次数、详略，也是衡量其工作进展的重要指标。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">审计部门就最看重领导批示。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">因为审来审去，很多问题，他们只能是发情况汇报给领导看。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">领导批示，就是他们的成绩。”小曹解释说，“2008年，我隔壁办公室的同事写了一份下属单位的安全工作经验，这个经验很快就被逐级上报。部里、国务院领导都分别批示调研推广。部里迅速组织工作组，来我们这集中调研。收到中央领导批示的那天，我们领导高兴得在办公室里直转悠，很快就树成了新的系统内典型，同事今年也提拔了。”</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">根据2001年颁布的《国家机关公文处理办法》，各级政府机关不得越级报送公文。这为赢取“批示”制造了难题。不过党报系统的各种内参，成了另外一个重要途径，尤其是大名鼎鼎的</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《国内动态清样》</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">，正是此类“越级”上报的重要渠道。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">中部某县的政府网站就评论说：“</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新华社《国内动态清样》……系中央领导签阅的内参，是中央了解国情、科学决策的重要参考</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">，我县××经验的刊发，在我县××工作史上具有里程碑意义。”</span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25.6px; display: inline-block; background-color: rgb(31, 73, 125); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">模糊的批示</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-left: 4px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，微妙的理解</strong></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="7" data-width="95%" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; width: 551px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left: 5px solid rgb(31, 75, 125); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对于“拟同意”这种批示，办公室主任往往会和领导秘书密切沟通：是已经满意，仅表谦虚?还是确实另有所想但不便表态?</strong></span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">在办公自动化以前，中国传统的公文格式中，下级向上级递交的文件与上级向下级传达的文件，在发文机关标题部分就有显著不同。</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上报公文的机关标题部分上方要明显多出一块留白——这就是约定俗成的“批示域”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">尽管《国家行政机关公文格式》中并没有明确此项区别的作用何在，但确实对此作出了明确规定。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">目前能看到的1950年代至1960年代的领导人批示件原件，内容较长的批示都写在这一块“批示域”中。但最晚到1990年代中期，随着对公文管理的进一步规范化，随着公文下发的，多有“传阅单”等流程控制页，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上面会写明须传阅的领导名字，领导看后如无特殊意见，仅需在自己的名字上画圈——谓之圈阅。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">同时还附有“批示单”，为每位领导留下批示栏，便于领导指示。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section></section><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">于是，早期文件上各级领导在页眉页脚、字里行间分别批示，一份文件面目全非的情形便很少再现。而且对于每位拿到文件的官员来说，这也更便于他们清晰地知道其他领导的意图。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">比如，一份在市委常委范围内传阅的有关法制的文件，非分管的常委们一般仅圈阅，而政法委书记则多会在批示栏类留下一些文字。而一旦党委书记点名某机关须关注此事，则各相关分管常委一般都须在批示栏内表态。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">更进一步的是，据熟知批示内情的机关官员说，对于比如省委书记、市委书记这样的班子内的“一把手”来说，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当他认为得对某份文件表态时，其态度的严厉程度，直接与其在批示上所写的对象有关。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如仅仅签署一个“阅”字，基本就是表明自己知晓了；而批示中指定某部门负责，则关切程度有所提高；如果直接指名要“某某同志”等分管领导关注办理，那么重视程度就已经颇为严重。被指名的分管官员在阅后一定会“进一步批示”，并要求下属高度重视。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对于各级秘书而言，最重要的就是通过此类细微差别，领会批示件的真实意图。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如，在一份“请示”上，批示“同意”和“拟同意”之间的差别巨大——“拟同意”是近10来年才开始流行，并逐步取代“基本同意”的“流行”批语，最常见于各类政府开销报价请示，公务员晋升录用等敏感话题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对于“拟同意”这种批示，负责文件传达和落实的办公室主任，往往会和领导秘书密切沟通：是对此文件请示内容已经满意，仅仅表示谦虚？还是确实另有所想但不便表态？或者对事情敏感性有所警惕，以“拟”字表达自己谨慎的态度？</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">另外诸如“请酌情办理”，“按规定办理”，“根据某会议决定，同意办理”等批语，亦是下属要谨慎考虑的问题。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“酌情办理”，是可办理可不办理还是一定要办理？“按规定办理”，那么如果该事按规定无法办理呢，如果下属理解为领导是同意了，贸然给办理了，是否会被追究责任？而“根据某会议决定，同意办理”，有时也可能是表明了官员是按照集体决定办事，而个人未必完全同意，办公室主任或许要翻翻会议记录，看这一官员当时的具体表态是什么。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所有这些细微差异所带来的批示执行上的区别，都在批示文件本身所显示的内容之外。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25.6px; display: inline-block; background-color: rgb(31, 73, 125); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">各司其职</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-left: 4px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，逐级保密</strong></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="7" data-width="95%" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; width: 551px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left: 5px solid rgb(31, 75, 125); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对于批示，下一级单位的领导官员，可能看到其直管领导的笔迹。再往下传达，就需要“抄清”</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">中国并没有对“领导批示件”的办理和管理进行过统一规定，除了2002年和2004年国办发文要求加强对国务院领导批示件的管理和办理之外，地方各级领导的批示件都是各自定规。而上述两个国务院文件——《国务院办公厅关于做好国务院领导同志批示件管理工作的通知》和《国务院办公厅关于办理国务院领导同志批示件有关事项的通知》——并未公开。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">不过纵览各地的批示件办理规定和流程，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">突出对领导权威的重视，对批示进行逐级保密，则一直是工作的重心。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">一般情况下，一份文件上的批示，只有在该文件传阅范围内的“班子成员”才能看到。而且，只能由文秘部门按照根据惯例制定的传阅顺序看。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本报记者获得的材料展示了这一传阅程序，2007年春节期间，东部某副省级城市发生一起火灾，造成3人死亡。省长在公安工作简报中看到火灾的情况汇报以后批示：“A同志：正值春节前夕，火情要特别注意，尤其是外来人员较集中区更要加强教育、检查、宣传和及时救护。”</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">A同志为该省公安厅常务副厅长。程序上，这个批示属于上级领导对直属机关相关负责人的直接批示，理论上只限于负责人本人“参阅”。不过，因为这份情况汇报属于“传阅件”，该省政法委书记、公安厅厅长也在传阅范围之内。看到省长的批示，他也表态批示：“全省各级公安机关要认真贯彻落实××省长的重要批示精神，切实做好预防重大火灾事故的工作。”</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">于是，在文件本身完成传阅之后，又下发到被省长点名的公安厅常务副厅长A处。这是批示的第一次“传达”，A看后批示，“请C、D同志阅。办公室将×省长批示传各市、县公安机关领导……”C同志为分管消防的副厅长，而D同志则是该省消防总队总队长。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">最终，D同志作出批示“将×省长、省政法委书记，公安厅长、A副厅长批示转告某支队并抄清上（内部）网，全省消防部队要认真贯彻×省长指示”。正因为这一批示，这份抄清件得以下发流传。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">但是，除了传阅的文件和直接指示到个人的文件以外，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一般的“批示传达”在很多地方并不会有领导笔迹的复印件。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如南方某省会城市就规定：“市领导批给市直有关单位或单位负责同志的批示件，原则上只供该单位的负责同志，以及由其本人指定的承办人员阅看和办理，传阅范围要从严控制。”</span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 8px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: none; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">也就是说，再往下传达，就必须“抄清”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 59, 92); box-sizing: border-box !important;">除特别要求外，一般会隐去具体领导姓名，仅用“省领导批示”，“市主要领导批示”等方式传达。在扩大传达时，省级官员的批示由下级的市人民政府办公厅提供“批示抄清”件；而市领导同志的批示由各县、区人民政府办公室和市直部门办公室提供“批示抄清”件。而各级政府官员亲笔批示的原件，最终都会回到各级机关的文秘部门，分卷存档。</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“各下级机关、部门，不得擅自复印和留存批示件副本”。</span></strong></span></p></section><p></p>
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