大学本科毕业论文形式化需引关注
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:center;line-height:28.0000pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><b><span style="font-family: 方正小标宋简体; font-size: 22pt;">大学本科毕业论文形式化需引关注</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 方正小标宋简体; font-size: 22pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;line-height:28.0000pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:32.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;line-height:28.0000pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">本科生</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">毕业论文一向被看作是大学学术的最后一道关卡，其质量也体现着毕业生的专业水平与学术能力。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">然而，当前一些大学本科毕业生论文质量下降以及屡屡爆出的学术抄袭丑闻，毕业论文背离了设置的初衷，渐渐沦为了一种应对毕业的形式。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:32.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;line-height:28.0000pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">按照我国现行的学位授予原则，所有高校都</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">实行本科毕业论文制度，要求</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">大学本科生在毕业时必须撰写所学专业的论文，论文答辩合格后才予以授予学士学位。其目的在于要考核和培养本科生的综合知识运用能力，培养学生的科学研究能力，加强综合运用所学知识、理论和技能解决实际问题的训练，从总体上考查学生本科阶段学习所达到的学业水平。让本科生在毕业的最后关头、花一整个学期时间，了解如何写论文，如何做设计，对于有心从事学术的学生来说，可以让他们了解如何做研究，对于要直接工作的学生，可以让他们体验一下论文的整个写作流程，也能为以后的工作打下一定基础。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:32.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;line-height:28.0000pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">但是遗憾的是随着</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">近年来大学本科毕业生论文质量不断下降，论文答辩</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="仿宋_GB2312">渐渐沦为了一种应对毕业的形式，成了</font>“食之无味、弃之可惜”的“鸡肋”。其主要表现有论文内容抄袭、拼凑现象严重；论文选题缺乏问题意识、论证缺乏逻辑性、整体缺乏学术规范性；</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">论文</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">内容</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">空洞</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">，缺少</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">对某一领域某一问题进行深入的</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">学术性</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">探讨和研究</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">以及</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">对论据进行必要的调研</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">论文常常因言之无物</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:32.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;line-height:28.0000pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">本科生毕业论文是</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">反映</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">经历了四年专业学习的每一位大学</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">生</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">综合能力的体现</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">毕业论文质量降低流于形式</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">原因是，</span><b><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16pt;">一是高校扩招。</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="仿宋_GB2312">在本科生从</font>“精英化”走向“平民化”的</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">今天</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">各大高校都是</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">师生比悬殊较大。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">而</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">本科毕业论文包括开题、收集资料、阅读文献、写作、修改、答辩等，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">是一项</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">“系统工程”，有些</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">指导</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">教师不仅忙于科研，还要带硕士、博士，同时还要参加本科论文答辩，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">根本没有</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">足够的精力</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">指导、</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">审阅论文</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">。</span><b><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16pt;">二是学生自身理论水平有限。</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">本科生在校学的知识比较肤浅，对本专业领域内的学术观点涉猎、认知有限，难以提出自己的学术观点</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">，同时又</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">缺乏必要的</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">研究条件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">及费用支撑</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">。</span><b><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16pt;">三是高校对论文的要求不符合实际。</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">许多</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">高校</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">都对选题大小、篇幅、格式有明确规定，形式要求比较严，内容上反而放松要求。大而无当的论文很多，解决专业问题的文章不足。有时</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">论文</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="仿宋_GB2312">可能</font>3000字就足够了，但为了符合</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">要求</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="仿宋_GB2312">，就要扩张到</font>5000字，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">肯定会</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">东拼西凑</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">，而且</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">为了凑够字数与方便引用，学生只好选择大的论题，有的选题几乎可以做成硕士甚至博士论文。</span><b><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16pt;">四是学生面临的求职、就业压力增大。</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">求职、实习和写论文大都集中在大四学年，多数</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">本科</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">毕业生迫于就业压力，直到论文提交前的几个星期</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">甚至几天</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">才开始动笔，为了尽快完成任务，只能进行抄袭、剽窃、拼凑。</span><b><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16pt;"><font face="仿宋_GB2312">五是本科生对毕业论文的认知模糊，态度不端正。</font> </span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">部分学生对毕业论文的作用和价值认识不清，以及自身文字功底较弱，导致写作态度不端正，应付性写作的心理特别明显。</span><b><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16pt;">六是高校及教师对论文把关不严。</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">部分高校乃至教师对学生撰写论文的指导不够，高校碍于学生毕业率、就业率等，答辩组碍于同事情面等放松了对论文的审查把关。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:32.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;line-height:28.0000pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">本科</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">生毕业</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="仿宋_GB2312">论文如何走出</font>“形式主义”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">，</span><b><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16pt;">一是应对论文内容要求结合实际。</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">本科生毕业论文的目的是要训练学生查资料的能力、锻炼学生发现问题的能力，以及培养学生写文章谋篇布局的能力。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">高校可以要求</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">硕士博士论文</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">具</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">有一定的创新性，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">对</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">本科论文的重点</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">应该放</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">在考核学生的逻辑思维分析和表述能力，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">减少对</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">内容的创新性的要求。</span><b><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16pt;">二是应提高学生自身对毕业论文的认识。</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">学生练习论文写作应有一个循序渐进的过程，高校要注重对学生的语言基本功训练，加强对学生写作技巧和能力的培养，在平时教学中可以把论文写作纳入课程考核的环节，平时多给学生布置论文写作的训练及早锻炼学生分析问题、解决问题的能力，可以先通过写学科论文、学年论文打基础，最后才写毕业论文。同时，加强对学生的诚信教育，坚决摒弃抄袭、剽窃他人论文的行为。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;line-height:28.0000pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><b><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16pt;">三是应加强对学生的指导和监督。</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">论文指导教师要在学生毕业论文的完成过程中切实担负起监督、指导和帮助的作用。从选题到写作再到修改，指导教师要严格把关，引导毕业生在论文撰写中提出自己的见解发表独创的观点。同时，高校要加强对学生毕业论文的监管，坚决制止抄袭之风，让学生明确抄袭的后果及危害，一旦发现抄袭，应给予处分。</span><b><span style="font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16pt;">四是应对论文答辩制度进行改革。</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">高校可以</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">根据</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">自身教学情况、学生专业特点等</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">实际情况改进论文答辩的制度设计</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">类似哲学、文学、历史等基础性学科开展毕业论文答辩很有必要，而服装设计、</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">音乐、舞蹈、编导等艺术类</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="仿宋_GB2312">应用性较强的专业学科不妨</font>“试水”改革，采用“多把尺子”进行考核，既尊重学术的权威性，也彰显其灵活性。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">同时，在答辩时间安排上可以灵活安排</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">本科生、硕士生、博士生毕业论文答辩时间，让参加答辩的教师</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">有更多的</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">精力</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">对学生进行辅导</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">，</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">也尽量</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">兼顾学生考研、找工作</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">等</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">现实情况。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;line-height:28.0000pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:仿宋_GB2312;font-size:16.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p><p></p>
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