工作总结的写作技巧：全面深刻，对比分析，结构关系
<section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">文 | 张国浩</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></p></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 工作总结就是对工作进行系统回顾，不仅罗列现象，更需归纳概括，使之理论化。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></section></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 撰写总结，一定要分析其文体特点和写作要求，熟悉和了解其构思的主要方法，依结构关系理顺表达思路，这样才能写出切合实际、符合要求的总结材料。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); margin: 0px 0px -1px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); font-size: 22px; border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">全面与深刻</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">是总结写作的内在要求</section></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">总结具有回顾性、系统性、指导性等特点。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）回顾性。</strong></span>从写作目的看，总结不是预测情况、研究问题，而是回顾过往、提供借鉴。回顾是以实践工作为本体进行的一种理性思考，是盘点工作开展的背景、主客观条件、指导思想以及目标任务等，分析工作的主要过程、主要成绩以及存在的问题和不足，并结合当时的客观情况和环境给以实事求是的评价。没有情况回顾,收获和体会就无从谈起,经验和教训也无的放矢。从这一意义来说，总结是从回顾开始，以回顾为基础。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）系统性。</strong></span>总结是对工作情况全面系统的反映和评价。从对工作的反映来说,不仅要对工作全过程进行系统全面的检查回顾，一些重点工作也要具体展开。从对工作的评价来说，要肯定成绩，也要指出缺点和不足。从结论来说，不仅要明确应当肯定的经验,而且要明确应当吸取的教训。从态度和倾向来说,不仅要表明应当发扬和提倡什么,而且要表明应当避免和防止什么。从对今后的展望来说,不仅要指出努力方向,而且要指出须注意的问题等等。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">（三）指导性。</span></strong>总结以回顾开始，目的是指导未来。它以发展的眼光评价过去的工作，在此基础上总结经验教训，明确努力方向。一些写作教材只从时限上来理解总结的回顾性，认为计划与总结的区别仅在其行文产生于工作之前还是之后，这种认识过于机械。总结的着眼点并不只是回顾过去，而是要从走过的道路中探索和寻找出今后行动的良策与指南。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 工作总结的这三大特点反映在写作要求上，就是全面而且深刻。回顾性和系统性主要体现全面，指导性主要体现深刻，而总结的深刻性是建立在全面性的基础上的。只有对工作情况、内容、任务、特点等有全方位的了解，才会对工作在初起、发展、结束等不同阶段产生的问题、显现的特点、采取的措施等有一个清晰完整的分析，总结就不会就事论事地停留在现象描述和事实罗列上，而是能透过现象发现事物的本质，将零星、表面的感性认识上升为条理、系统的理性认识。这就需要写作者具有理论概括能力,用材料说明观点,有的还要进行必要的论证。所以,在内容的表达上,总结不能单纯停留在什么做对了、什么做错了的感性认识上,还要回答为什么做对了、是什么起了作用等问题。只有从感性到理性，从目标、做法、效果诸方面概括出经验教训，寻找出今后工作的方针和良策，总结才是全面、完整、深刻的，才具有指导意义。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); margin: 0px 0px -1px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); font-size: 22px; border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">对比和分析</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">是总结写作的思想方法</section></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 要撰写出全面深刻的总结，必须对所总结的工作有足够的认识,对工作的意义、目的和要求有深层次的理解。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）三个对比</strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; letter-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">经过对比，对工作的评估就有了标准和尺度。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; letter-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1.纵向对比。</strong>就是以一个阶段的工作计划、任务部署为依据，对过去和现在进行比较，在“落实得如何”的回顾和检查中得出基本结论。比如写年度总结时，就要从保存材料中找出全年的工作计划和安排，以及领导的有关讲话等重新学习一遍，以此为依据和标尺，来衡量实际工作情况，逐项检查落实情况：哪些已经落实了，哪些还未落实，分别占计划的百分之多少，又有哪些工作被忽视了，进而得出总的评价和结论。这种对比是一种历史对比，没有它，总结就失去了依据，就会出现割断历史凭空编造基本结论的现象。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.上下对比。</strong>就是将一段时间内的上级文件和指示精神与工作实际相比较，验证工作思路是否正确。起草总结时要重温上级文件和指示，以此为依据和指导。检查分析本单位对上级的指示精神是否把握得准确，在工作实践中是否有所创新。做好这一对比，能使总结既见事见物又见思想，使总结更具深度和指导性。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.横向对比。</strong>就是以同类单位中的先进典型为标尺进行比较，找出差距和原因，激发学习和赶超的动力。同类单位和本单位一样，都是在同一上级领导下，在相同的时间内完成同样标准的任务，所以从工作进展和所取得成绩的差异中，最能看出本单位在大的范围内所处的位置和水平。这样的对比能引发思考，促使自己保持清醒头脑。这种外部依据能帮助本单位在坐标系中找准自己所处的位置，防止出现“关起门来搞总结沾沾自喜，敞开大门一看就傻眼”的现象。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）三个分析</strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 有分量的总结必定带有规律性和指导性的经验。要达到这个目的，就要经历由浅层次分析过渡到深层次分析的过程。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 在总结的不同阶段要认真做好三个方面的分析工作。一是分析对取得成绩起作用的因素，形成最初的经验。二是分析存在的问题，找出原因，明确下一阶段主攻的主要矛盾。三是分析多方面经验体会，筛选出最新的经验。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 初步得出的经验带有直观、感性的色彩，还需要进一步深化。在过渡到深层次的分析中还要把握三个方面。一是从工作的不同阶段研究事物发展的特点，找出内在联系。二是从不同的具体经验中找出共性的内容。三是从不同的典型事例对比中找出异同点及其产生原因。经过这样深入的分析、综合与概括，才能使感性认识上升为条理性、规律性的认识，既对本单位今后的工作具有指导意义，又在大范围内具有推广价值。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 概括和提炼经验有许多基本途径和方法，比如从上级关注的重点工作和经常强调的问题中提炼经验，从本单位的特色工作中提炼经验，从与过去的对比中提炼经验，从改进工作指导方法的角度提炼经验，等等。这些途径和方法都离不开分析和比较。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); margin: 0px 0px -1px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); font-size: 22px; border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">结构关系</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">是总结表达的主要方面</section></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 要写好一篇总结，从表达的角度看环节很多，但结构问题是重中之重，框架结构理顺了，其他问题也就容易解决了。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 总结的结构最常用的是“项目法”，即把总结的内容分为三大项目：成绩、经验和打算。每一项目又分若干子项展开。具体地说，工作成绩部分主要以工作项目或任务来概括，重点在工作方法和效果。经验体会部分要结合工作情况，不能空发议论，不仅要说明成绩，更要反映出单位建设的本质和规律，使其具有指导意义。所以，成绩部分和经验部分应各有侧重，不能“工作写不下往经验里装，经验不够用工作来凑”。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 打算部分的写法有所不同。它主要回答“今后怎么办”，涉及两大问题，一是指导思想与工作任务的关系，二是工作任务和方法措施。第一个问题是纲与目的关系问题。一般来说，工作指导思想是“纲”，工作任务的安排与落实是“目”。纲举目张，工作指导思想决定工作任务的安排。第二个问题是如何过河的问题，是架桥还是造船，所以，工作任务的安排多采用方法加任务的形式。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 以上是总结的模式化结构，在具体写作时出于内容表达的需要，可以有所变化。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）层次标题的调整</strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 比如总结成绩部分的层次标题拟制有两种：</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1.直接体现工作效果。</strong>如航空兵某师的党委全面工作总结，其成绩部分是这样表述的：</section></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226); width: 670px; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; box-shadow: 0px 16px 1px -13px rgb(226,226,226);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 保证了部队稳定和政治安全；保持了良好的飞行训练和安全形势；较好地完成了作战战备任务；贯彻共同条令和装备条例有明显成效；机务和后勤保障质量有提高；部队风气进一步好转；党的建设进一步加强。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.做法加效果。</strong>如某师党委全面工作总结在“今年部队建设的基本形势”部分是这样表述的：</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226); width: 670px; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; box-shadow: 0px 16px 1px -13px rgb(226,226,226);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 思想政治工作在突出主线、改革创新中得到加强；战备训练在任务牵引、按纲施训中取得新突破；基层建设在科学指导、固强补弱中协调发展；后勤和装备工作在探索规范、深化改革中整体推进；“两个经常”工作在把握规律、狠抓落实中取得明显成效。在以上句式中，“突出主线、改革创新”等是方法，“思想政治工作……得到加强”等是效果。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）内容详略的变化</strong></span></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 一种是将导语与成绩合一起，简要概述取得的成绩，重点写经验和下一步工作任务。还有一种是将成绩与经验合一，讲完成绩扼要地提一下经验。第三种是在讲完成绩、经验、打算后，专门列一项，讲工作指导思想。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">（三）归纳总结的写法</strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 对成绩、经验和打算三部分分别进行归纳和总结。如：某部共青团团委五年工作总结，其层次结构是这样表述的：</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 226, 226); width: 670px; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; box-shadow: 0px 16px 1px -13px rgb(226,226,226);"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.75; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 一、五年工作的回顾：紧贴青年特点开展教育,筑牢了青年的思想根基；深入组织学习成才活动,促进了青年的成长成才；大力开展精神文明创建活动,提高了青年的身心素养；狠抓团的自身建设,增强了团组织的战斗力。二、经验体会：团的工作必须纳入党委中心工作,才有生命力；团的工作必须适应青年官兵需求,才有吸引力；团的工作必须紧扣时代脉搏,才有创造力；团的工作必须最大限度地发挥骨干的作用,才有战斗力。三、今后五年的主要任务：坚持把思想政治教育摆在首位,用科学理论武装青年,搭建培养造就青年的精神平台；着眼提高科学文化素质和岗位技能,大力开展学习成才活动,搭建培养造就青年的创业平台；紧紧围绕青年的切身需求,用全方位的服务帮助青年,搭建培养造就青年的服务平台。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='font: 16px/25.6px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; widows: 1; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> （本文刊于《秘书》杂志2012年第2期。）</section></section></section></section> 一、五年工作的回顾：紧贴青年特点开展教育,筑牢了青年的思想根基；深入组织学习成才活动,促进了青年的成长成才；大力开展精神文明创建活动,提高了青年的身心素养；狠抓团的自身建设,增强了团组织的战斗
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