古人都把文章比作什么？
<P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px">自从文章诞生以来，有关文章的比喻就层出不穷。</SPAN></P><P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px"></SPAN></P>
<P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px"><STRONG>以人体喻文章</STRONG>。刘勰在《文心雕龙·附会》篇中说道：“以情志为神明，事义为骨髓，辞采为肌肤，宫商为声气，然后品藻玄黄，摛振金玉，献可替否，以裁厥中。”在中国文学批评史上，“文气”说和“风骨”说长盛不衰，代代相传，就是以人体喻文章的具体表现。</SPAN></P>
<P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px"></SPAN></P>
<P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px"><STRONG>以植物喻文章</STRONG>。白居易在《与元九书》中曾经说过：“诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。”这意味着感情是诗歌的根本，语言好比诗歌的禾苗，声律好比诗歌的花朵，意义好比诗歌的果实。这几句话以植物器官来比拟诗歌的结构成分，表面上看是对诗歌进行分析式考察，其实是把诗歌当成多样统一的有机体，根据植物器官的价值功能和性质特点与诗歌进行了类比。</SPAN></P>
<P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px"></SPAN></P>
<P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px"><STRONG>以动物喻文章</STRONG>。刘勰在《文心雕龙·风骨》篇中说：“夫翚翟备色，而翾翥百步，肌丰而力沉也；鹰隼乏采，而翰飞戾天，骨劲而气猛也。文章才力，有似于此。若风骨乏采，则鸷集翰林；采乏风骨，则雉窜文囿；唯藻耀而高翔，固文笔之鸣凤也。”在这段文字中，刘勰把文章骨力和辞彩如何配合的问题说得很透彻，如果文章辞彩华茂而缺乏骨力，那就犹如“肌丰而力沉”的雉鸡，飞不高走不远；如果骨力具备而缺乏华彩，那就如同羽毛欠佳的鹰隼一样，虽能“翰飞戾天”，但是终不完美；只有文采鲜美而又风骨铮铮的作品，才如同凤凰，算得上是文章中尽善尽美的极品。由此可见，刘勰对于文章要求辞彩和骨力互相配合，内容和形式并臻至美。</SPAN></P>
<P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px"></SPAN></P>
<P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px"><STRONG>以锦绣喻文章</STRONG>。王充在《论衡》中说道：“绣之未刺，锦之未织，恒丝庸帛，何以异哉？加五采之巧，施针缕之饰，文章炫耀，黼黻华虫，山龙日月。学士有文章之学，犹丝帛之有五色之巧也。”这一观念对后世产生了极大影响。</SPAN></P>
<P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px"></SPAN></P>
<P style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 32px; MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 16px/28px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(62,62,62); CLEAR: both; WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px">这些比喻中，一方面，作为本体的“文”与作为喻体的“物”之间具有某种相似性；另一方面，这些比喻皆为以日常生活中常见的事物来比喻抽象的文章。文章之喻，充分表明了中国人对于文章写作的深刻认识，也折射了中国文学批评的风格特点。@<A style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; WIDOWS: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px 8px 10px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: none; FONT: 16px/20px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: none; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(96,127,166); VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" id=post-user class="rich_media_meta rich_media_meta_link rich_media_meta_nickname" href="javascript:void(0);"><FONT color=black>领导干部学国学</FONT></A></SPAN></P>
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