“不止”与“不只”的正确用法
<section data-id="391" class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border: 0px none; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><section style="margin: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px rgb(30, 155, 232); border-image-source: none; line-height: 25px;"><section style="margin-left: -0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; color: inherit;"><section style="padding: 3px 8px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(138, 193, 226); border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline-block; transform: rotateZ(-10deg); transform-origin: 0% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(30, 155, 232);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">者来信</font></strong></section></section><section class="" data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px" style="margin-top: -24px; padding: 22px 16px 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(30, 155, 232); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 24px; color: inherit;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"></span></font></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">杜老师：</font></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">您好！</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 22.4px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">我是做秘书工作的，在起草文稿时，常分辨不清“不止”跟“不只”的用法。例如，拿不准该写“不止一次”还是该写“不只一次”。请您讲一讲这两个词的用法。谢谢！</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 22.4px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">小 杨</font></strong></strong></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><section class="" data-id="3" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border: 0px currentcolor; border-image-source: none; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><section style="margin: 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33);"><section style="margin-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); color: inherit; line-height: 1.4em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); color: inherit;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 32px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="" data-brushtype="text" data-mce-style="color: #a5a5a5;" placeholder="关于135编辑器" style="padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(218, 137, 133); border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 16.79px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33);"><font size="3">杜老师回信</font></span></strong></span></section><section class="" data-style="color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px; line-height:28px" style="margin-top: -0.7em; padding: 10px 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-right-radius: 0.4em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.4em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 40, 33); border-image-source: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="3"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">小杨同志：</strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">您好！</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“不止”是动词，常用的意思有两个，一个是表示“超出某个数量或超出某个范围”。例如：</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（1）老王恐怕不止六十岁了。</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（2）这里的水果不止一种，除了苹果还有柿子和鸭梨。</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（3）我在这个乡住了不止三个月。</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（4）张书记到最贫困的李村去了不止十趟。</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（5）我们班身高超过一米八的不止刘强，还有俩同学。</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（6）去年扶贫工作取得显著成绩的不止赵庄。</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（7）我们班不止李刚会画国画。</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（8）这个码头昨天不止265号渔船出海了。</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例（1）至（2）“不止”后面是数量词，（3）至（4）“不止”前有动词，“不止”后有数量词，（5）至（6）“不止”后是名词，（7）至（8）“不止”后是词组。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">“不止”的另一个意思是“不停”。表示这个意思时，“不止”用于双音节动词之后，其位置一般处于句子或分句末尾。例如：<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">（9）老刘听了这个消息后，大笑不止。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">（10）这天晚上，李书记虽然咳嗽不止，仍坚持工作。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例（9）中的“不止”处于句末，例（10）的“不止”处于分句末尾。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">“不只”是连词，用于递进关系的复句中，相当于“不但”“不仅”等，表示除所说的内容外，还有更进一层的意思。整个句子表述的是语意上的递进。“不只”一般用于前一分句，在其后的分句里，要有与之呼应的“而且”“也”“还”等词语。例如：<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">（11）经过多年努力，这个山村的群众现在不只不愁吃穿，而且比较富裕。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">（12）在这个车间里，不只小吴学会了该项新技术，许多年轻人也掌握了这个新本领。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">例（11）中的“不只”处于主语之后，因此包含“不只”的分句的主语跟后面分句的主语是相同的。而（12）中的“不只”处于主语之前，因此包含“不只”的分句的主语跟后面分句的主语是不同的。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">“不只……而且……”构成的复句有时也用在句子的开头。例如：<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">（13）不只车间里的年轻人，而且许多老师傅也参加了植树的义务劳动。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">（14）不只在大城市，而且在许多中小城市，都开展了这项便民、利民的活动。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">例（13）至（14）中的“不只……而且……”都处于句子开头的位置。其中（13）中“不只”“而且”两词后面跟的是名词性成分，（14）中“不只”“而且”后跟的是介词短语。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">“不止一次”常用来说行为动作进行了多次，也就是说，行为动作的次数超出了“一”这个数量，表述这类意思宜写成“不止一次”。“一次”中的“次”是动量词，此类动量词还有“回”“遍”“趟”“顿”等。跟“不止一次”同类的说法再如：<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">（15）这个意见群众提过不止一回了，咱们应该认真考虑一下。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">（16）这个电影我看了不止一遍，对里面的对话很熟悉。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如果要用在“不但……而且……”这样的表示递进关系的复句语境中，则宜写成“不只一次”。例如：<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">（17）他自己不只一次不去，还不让别人去。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">例（17）中的“不只”相当于“不但”。其中的“一次”跟“不去”联系紧密，而不是跟“不只”联系紧密。不过，这类说法似乎比较少见。就一般情况而言，凡是表示不限于某个数量或范围的，都宜写成“不止一次”。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">杜永道</font></strong></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 23.2727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="3">（文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志2015年第11期。作者：杜永道）</font></span></p><p></p>
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