如何正确使用“暨”与“及”
<section data-id="391" class="135editor" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border: 0px none; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><section style="margin: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px rgb(30, 155, 232); border-image-source: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;"><section style="margin-left: -0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; color: inherit;"><section style="padding: 3px 8px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(138, 193, 226); border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1em; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-10deg); -webkit-transform-origin: 0% 100%; background-color: rgb(30, 155, 232);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span>杜老师信箱</strong></section></section><section class="135brush" data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px" style="margin-top: -24px; padding: 22px 16px 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(30, 155, 232); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 24px; color: inherit;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">杜老师：</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">您好！</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我是广西贺州的一名秘书工作者。我想深入了解“暨”与“及”的用法。这两个字的区别我曾在网上查过，但还是有一点疑问。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“暨”字做连词用于“AA暨BB大会”或“AA暨BB活动”时，好像会议或活动中的AA与BB总有点关联。假如AA和BB两者之间没有一点关联，但这两个会议或活动又要同时举办，在发通知和印制会标时，是否也用这个“暨”字连起来呢？</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">郑长效</strong></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section data-id="3" class="135editor" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border: 0px none; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><section style="margin: 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33);"><section style="margin-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4em; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); color: inherit;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); color: inherit;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 32px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" data-mce-style="color: #a5a5a5;" placeholder="关于135编辑器" style="padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(218, 137, 133); background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; line-height: 16.796875px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;">杜老师回信</span></span></strong></span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px; line-height:28px" style="margin-top: -0.7em; padding: 10px 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 40, 33); border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-right-radius: 0.4em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.4em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">郑长效同志：</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">您好！</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“暨”常见的用法有两种。一种是表示“至”“到”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important;">例如：</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（1） 自商暨周， 《雅》《颂》圆备。（刘勰《文心雕龙•明诗》)</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（2）弃家如遗来远游，东走梁宋暨扬州。（韩愈《刘生诗》）</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">另一种是做连词，表联合关系，相当于“和”“与”。《尔雅•释诂下》说：“暨，与也。”这种用法比较常见。先看几个古代用例：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（3）帝曰：“咨，汝羲暨和 。”（《书•尧典》）</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（4）地东至海暨朝鲜，西至临洮、羌中。（《史记•秦始皇本纪》）</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">下面是当前用例：</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（5）“2015全球新能源企业500强<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">发布会</span></strong>暨新能源发展高峰<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">论坛</span></strong>”11日在京举行。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（6）由人民网和国家行政学院政治学部联合主办的“2015年全国创新社会治理典型案例颁奖<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">典礼</span></strong>暨经验<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">交流会</span></strong>”今天在人民网举行。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（7）“中美省州经贸合作<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">研讨会</span></strong>暨中国省与美国华盛顿州贸易投资合作联合工作</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">组成立<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">仪式</span></strong>”在西雅图举行。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（8）米兰博览会“中国茶文化周<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">闭幕式</span></strong>暨百年博览中国名茶评选颁奖<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">仪式</span></strong>”将于近期举办。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（9）本届电影周以“<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">纪念</span></strong>中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年”为主题，推荐了16部优秀影片，并将组织300位在校中小学生担任评委。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（10）1日上午，“<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">庆祝</span></strong>中华人民共和国成立66周年暨新疆维吾尔自治区成立60周年大会”在新疆人民会堂隆重举行。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（11）9月29日，“2015年中国国际飞行器设计<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">挑战赛</span></strong>暨科研类全国航空航天模型<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">锦标赛</span></strong>开幕式”在山东胶州举行。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">其中（5）里的“暨”连接的是两个会议，（6）连接的是仪式和会议，（7）连接的是会议和仪式，（8）连接的是两个仪式，（9）连接的是两个纪念事项，（10）连接的是两个庆祝事项，（11）连接的是两个比赛。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">从上面的例句可以看出，“暨”连接的两个名词性成分所表示的内容，有时是相同的，例如可以是两个会议、两个仪式、两个比赛等，但也可以是不同的内容，例如可以是仪式跟会议等。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">不论是连接相同的内容还是连接不同的内容，用“暨”连接的两个内容多存在某种联系。但根据实际需要，在一次集会中举办两个没有直接联系的活动时，会标中用“暨”连接两个活动的名称，也是可以的。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">因为“暨”表联合关系时，并未限制被联合的词语所表示的内容。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">应当注意，“暨”带有浓厚的书面语色彩，具有典雅庄重的意味，多用于会标、请柬、贺函等。而连词“及”没有典雅庄重的意味，因此叙述话语中的“及”不能换成“暨”，会标等的“暨”也不宜换成“及”。连词“及”常用来连接并列的名词性成分，意思相当于“和”“跟”。</span></strong>例如：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（12）北京、上海及一些中等城市都开始研究这项政策。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">从这个例子可以看出：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“及”连接三项以上的成分时，“及”放在最后一项的前面；用“及”连接的成分，多有主次之分，“及”前的成分是主要的，“及”后的则相对次要些。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">杜永道</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志2015年第10期。原题目：《“暨”与“及”的用法》；作者：杜永道）</span></p><div><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></span></div><p></p>
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