如何正确使用“作”与“做”？
<fieldset class="comment_quote" style="padding: 5px 15px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 245);"><legend style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 编者按 </span></strong></span></p></legend><legend style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(73, 68, 41); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></legend><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">近期，有不少读者朋友反映，在公文写作过程中经常会用到“作”与“做”、“的”“地”“得”这些字，对它们的用法掌握得不太全面，常常误用。本期我们特辑选了语言文字专家厉兵和杜永道的两篇文章，对此作出辨析，希望能对大家有所帮助。</p></fieldset><p style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 不少同志反映，“作”和“做”的用法很难区别。的确，“作”与“做”这两个字本来就有联系，不过“作”字出现较早，而“做”字出现较晚，直到明代《字汇》才有收录。因为二者经历的时代不同，所以在构词和使用上有一些相互纠缠的情况。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 分辨两个字，当然要看它们的义项，即它们身兼的“职务”。麻烦的是，这两个字的义项基本上是一致的。粗放一点儿说，主要有三个义项：一是“从事”，二是“制作”，三是“充当”。这里，可以对分辨这两个字提出一个思路：其一，凡是这两个字作为语素构成了合成词，那么就根据辞书里的形式，注意查检；其二，这两个字作为单音节动词用，则需要加以分工。下面，把这两点结合起来说。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 240); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 第一，“作”和“做”都有“从事”义，涉及具体的事物，习惯写“做”，涉及抽象的事物，习惯写“作”。</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （一）作为语素构成的合成词与成语（一般词典都有收录）</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 240); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">做：</strong>做事｜做工｜做活｜做声｜做法（不是“妖道作法”，也不是文章的“作法”）｜做戏｜做鬼｜好吃懒做｜一不做，二不休｜白日做梦｜小题大做。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作：</strong>作息｜作案｜作别｜作风｜作用｜作价｜作业｜作乐｜动作｜操作｜制作｜劳作｜协作｜合作｜耕作｜作弊｜作对｜作恶｜作孽｜作祟｜作假｜作伪｜作难｜作梗｜作乱｜作俑｜天公作美｜作乐（lè）｜恶作剧｜作恶多端｜无恶不作｜作威作福｜作奸犯科｜胡作非为｜为非作歹｜为虎作伥｜弄虚作假｜逢场作戏｜无所作为｜见机而作｜作法自毙｜作茧自缚｜为人作嫁｜作壁上观。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">跟这个意义相联系的一个意思是“装作”：作势｜作态｜造作｜做作｜装聋作哑｜装模作样｜装腔作势｜惺惺作态｜矫揉造作。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">跟这个意义相联系的，还有一个意思是“兴起、发作”：作战｜振作｜作乐（yuè，演奏）｜兴风作浪｜一鼓作气｜日出而作｜枪声大作｜作怪｜作色｜作呕｜兴妖作怪｜令人作呕。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> （二）做单音节动词用</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1.宾语是一般名词，事物比较具体，习惯上用“做”：</strong>～好事｜～买卖｜～生意｜～手脚｜～手术｜～功课｜～笔记｜～学问｜～习题｜～练习(题)｜～噩梦｜～事情｜～家务｜～早操｜～木匠活｜～日班｜～结论。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“～工作、～作业”习惯上用“做”，一方面是因为这里的“工作”和“作业”属于名词，另一方面是避免两个“作”字连用，影响阅读。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">跟这个意义相联系的一个意思是“举行活动”。下面几个词语习惯上用“做”：～寿｜～满月｜～礼拜｜～祈祷｜～佛事｜～生日｜～游戏。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 2.宾语是动名词（即兼有名词语法特点的动词），事物比较抽象，习惯上用“作”：</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">～调查｜～考察｜～研究｜～分析｜～判断｜～推断｜～检查｜～比较｜～说明｜～评价｜～概括｜～介绍｜～答复｜～解答｜～解释｜～证明｜～鉴定｜～实验｜～试验｜～示范｜～辩护｜～删节｜～反应｜～记录｜～统计｜～安置｜～处置｜～发挥｜～决定｜～规定｜～交代｜～联系｜～让步｜～挣扎｜～牺牲｜～贡献｜～准备｜～打算｜～抉择｜～补充｜～动员｜～斗争｜～改进｜～宣传｜～表演｜～讲话｜～指示｜～指导｜～检讨｜～汇报｜～报告。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 240); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 第二，“作”和“做”都有“制作”义，具体的事物习惯写“做”，抽象的事物习惯写“作”。</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（一）宾语是一般的名词，涉及的事物比较具体，习惯上用“做”：</span></strong>～饭｜～早饭｜～粉蒸肉｜～鞋｜～衣服｜～针线｜～面包｜～大衣柜｜～汽车｜～模型｜～圈套｜～手脚｜～记号。“～作文、～文章”也习惯用“做”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（二）有那么几类“精神产品”，习惯上用“作”（有的已经是合成词了）：</span></strong>～诗｜～画｜～曲｜～乐（yuè，制作乐律）｜～杂记｜～曲子｜～广告（如果指使用材料制作广告，则可以写“做广告”，如“做灯箱广告”）。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">制作的这些产品，即作品，自然用“作”：著作｜创作｜大作｜拙作｜习作｜原作｜佳作｜杰作｜名作｜遗作｜处女作｜著作等身｜呕心之作｜压卷之作｜成功之作。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 240); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 第三，“作”和“做”都有“担任、充当”义。但是，除了少量早先产生的合成词，一般都习惯写“做”。“作为”“做为”都正确（不是指“大有作为”的“作为”），《现代汉语词典》主张写“作为”，我们不妨就采用“作为”。</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（一）“担当某种身份”，一般用“做”：</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">～媒｜～人｜～东｜～客(“作客他乡”的“作客”是古语词) ｜～官｜～主｜～母亲｜～短工｜～秘书｜～俘虏｜～骨干｜～人质｜～孝子｜～亡国奴｜～贼心虚｜～介绍人｜～中间人｜～朋友｜～对头｜～表率｜～模范｜～后盾｜～靠山｜～编辑｜～出纳｜～翻译｜～导演｜～担保｜～见证｜～掩护（后面七个词形式上是动词，实际是名词，指从事这种工作的人）<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">当然，“充当”的宾语有时也可以是物（具有物的“身份”义），一般也要用“做”：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">～线索｜～例子｜～样子｜～代价｜～副本｜～实例｜～资料｜～资本｜～幌子｜搬几块砖头～凳子｜拿这间屋子～会客室｜拿树皮～造纸的原料｜拿肩膀～梯子｜～寝室｜～下酒菜｜～封面｜～原料｜～人情｜～挡箭牌｜～招牌｜～伪证｜～参考（资料）｜～抵押（品）｜～纪念（品）。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（二）使用“作”的部分成语和早期的合成词：</span></strong>作废｜作罢｜作准｜作数｜作陪｜作客（他乡）｜作保｜作中｜作古｜以身作则｜认贼作父｜自我作古。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（三）至于“当zuò、叫zuò、称zuò、看zuò、变zuò、算zuò、比zuò、换zuò”，有的像词，有的又不像词，辞书不可能统统都收，写“作”还是“做”呢？我们主张，还是写“做”吧！</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">下面用一个表格把上面的意见给归纳一下：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/oAbsP96pucHbQnVT2pDcYHQBwEmyGPRI8hmZqRHxKf9xHIkdU7byzIxnN9lm6yz4xYNnALzria6lFTbtFSxbmRg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.1213483146067416" data-w="445" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/oAbsP96pucHbQnVT2pDcYHQBwEmyGPRI8hmZqRHxKf9xHIkdU7byzIxnN9lm6yz4xYNnALzria6lFTbtFSxbmRg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志2011年第4期。原题目：《说说“作”与“做”》；作者：厉 兵）</span></p><p></p> 分辨两个字，当然要看它们的义项，即它们身兼的“职务” 语言文字专家厉兵和杜永道的两篇文章，对此作出辨析，希望能对大家有所帮助。
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