这些公文你会用吗？易混淆常用公文种类区别
<p></p><div><br></div><div><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1.6em; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 1.4em; height: 1.26em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding-left: 0.2em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4em; width: 2em; height: 1em;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">一</section></section></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top-width: 0.63em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.63em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;">请示VS报告</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“请示”和“报告”都是上行文，是行政机关公文使用频率较高且容易混淆的文种。常见的问题主要有：将“请示”文种用“报告”文种呈送上级机关，请求上级机关批复（答复），这样就容易贻误工作。因此，在撰写“请示”和“报告”时，要特别注意二者之间八个方面的区别。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 一是作用不同。“请示”是向上级机关请求指示、批准；“报告”是向上级机关汇报工作，反映情况，提出意见和建议，答复上级讯问，报送文件、物品等。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 二是内容不同。“请示”是本单位无力无权解决或按规定须上级批准之后才能实施的事项；“报告”是本单位职责范围内比较重大的工作或向上级机关建议，须上级机关知道的事项。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 三是容量不同。“请示”应一文一事；“报告”可多事一报，但不得夹带请示的事项。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 四是时间不同。“请示”应事前行文；“报告”可在事前、事中、事后行文。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 五是范围不同。“请示”一般只主送一个上级机关，不得多头主送或越级主送；“报告”可以主送几个相关的上级机关，其他上级机关也可以抄送。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 六是处理不同。上级机关收到下级的请示后，应及时批准、批复（答复），是办理件，下级应在收到上级批复（答复）后才能实施；上级机关收到下级的报告后，主要是了解情况，可以不答复，下级不用等待上级答复。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 七是篇幅不同。“请示”的篇幅比较短，一般不超过1500字；“报告”的篇幅相对较长，但一般不超过3000字。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 八是结束语不同。“请示”在结束时用“特此请示”、“特此请示，请批示”、“请审示”等；“报告”用“专此报告”、“特此报告”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1.6em; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 1.4em; height: 1.26em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding-left: 0.2em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4em; width: 2em; height: 1em;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">二</section></section></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top-width: 0.63em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.63em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">请示VS函</span></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> “函”是不相隶属机关之间商洽工作，询问和答复问题，请求批准和答复审批事项的公文。“函”可分为商函、询答函、请批函（请求批准函、审批函）。“函”在公文往来中使用比较广泛，其主要作用有两个方面：一是不相隶属的同系统部门之间询问和答复工作；二是请求平行或不相隶属的职能部门批准有关事项，不能用“请示”或“报告”，应使用“请求批准函”。</p><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 在公文撰写中，容易出现“请求批准函”误认为就是“请示”或“报告”文种，在与平行或不相隶属的机关行文时使用“请示”或“报告”，是欠妥的。“请示”与“请求批准函”有严格的区别，主要有：<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 一是类型不同。“请示”是上行文；“请求批准函”是平行文。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 二是主送机关不同。“请示”的主送机关是具有领导、指导关系的上级；“请求批准函”的主送机关是平行或不相隶属的职能单位。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 三是内容范围不同。“请示”是请求批准、指示；“请求批准函”是请求批准某项职能事项。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> 四是行文语气不同。“请示”的用语应尊敬上级机关；“请求批准函”应互相尊重。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 五是办复方式不同。“请示”的事项由上级机关批复下级机关；“请求批准函”的有关批准事项由受文单位复函（审批函）。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1.6em; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 1.4em; height: 1.26em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding-left: 0.2em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4em; width: 2em; height: 1em;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">三</section></section></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top-width: 0.63em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.63em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">报告VS总结</span></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“报告”是上行文，其主要作用是向上级机关汇报工作，反映情况，答复上级机关的询问等。“总结”不是公文文种，但在实际工作中，部分拟稿人将工作总结作为公文文种行文，如在带有工作总结性的公文标题中用“某某单位2014年XX工作总结”等，这样的标题是不对的。其实，工作总结就是向上级机关汇报工作，可直接使用“报告”文种，主送上级机关（可多头主送），抄送有关机关。如将上述公文标题改为“某某单位关于2014年XX工作情况的报告”，这样就比较规范了。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1.6em; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 1.4em; height: 1.26em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding-left: 0.2em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4em; width: 2em; height: 1em;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">四</section></section></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top-width: 0.63em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.63em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">意见VS建议</span></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> “意见”是对重要的问题提出见解和处理办法的公文文种。可用于上行文、平行文和下行文。作为上行文，应按请示性公文的程序和要求办理；作为平行文，提出的意见供受文单位参考；作为下行文，对贯彻执行有明确要求的，下级机关应遵照执行，无明确要求的，下级机关可参照执行。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 这里着重谈谈作为下行文的“意见”文种。在实际工作中，部分拟稿人往往将“工作打算”、“工作安排”和“工作计划”作为公文文种行文，如：“某某单位2014年XX工作打算”或“工作安排”、“工作计划”等，都是欠妥的。“工作打算”、“工作安排”和“工作计划”不是公文文种。可直接使用下行文的意见文种，规范的标题应为“某某单位关于2014年XX工作的意见”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1.6em; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 1.4em; height: 1.26em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding-left: 0.2em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4em; width: 2em; height: 1em;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">五</section></section></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.4em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top-width: 0.63em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.63em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通告VS通知</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> “通告”是公布社会各有关方面应当遵守或周知的事项的公文文种，其主送对象是不确定的。如：“某某单位关于XX的通告”。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> “通知”是批转下级机关、转发上级机关和不相隶属机关的公文，传达要求下级机关办理和需要有关单位周知或执行的事项。</section></fieldset><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（来源：青年研究）</p></div>
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