“瓶颈”的用法
<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">杜老师:</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">某媒体说:“国民的文明修养或成为中国现代化成功与否的瓶颈。”这句话我感觉有些别扭,但又说不出在哪儿,请您分析一下。谢谢!</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">云南读者 魏伟琦</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="background-color: white;"> <wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">魏伟琦读者:</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">“瓶颈”指瓶子上部较细的部分,“瓶颈”常用来比喻事情进行中容易发生阻碍的关键环节。例如:</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">(1)我老秘网市电力供应不足已经成为经济发展的瓶颈。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">(2)交通堵塞是大城市提高办事效率的一个瓶颈。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">(3)缺水已经成为该地区今后工业上台阶的瓶颈。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">(4)不通公路是制约山区经济起飞的瓶颈。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">(5)创新人才缺乏是这个公司取得发展的一个瓶颈。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">“××与否”中的“否”是“不”的意思。“××与否”常用来指事情可能出现的正反两个方面的可能性。例如:</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">(6)这个计划不论成功与否,都不能挡住我们继续前进的步伐。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">(7)此次事故不论造成人员伤亡与否,都要彻底调查造成事故的原因。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">(8)不管人们注意与否,这种电脑正在悄悄改变人们的生活。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">(9)只要有顾客光临,无论生意做成与否,他总是请对方喝一杯甜茶。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">(10)电池更换方便与否,对行驶时间长短没有影响。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">例(6)中的“成功与否”是说成功或不成功,例(7)中的“造成人员伤亡与否”是说造成人员伤亡或没造成人员伤亡,例(8)中的“人们注意与否”是说人们注意或人们不注意,例(9)中的“生意做成与否”是说生意做成或生意没做成,例(10)中的“电池更换方便与否”是说电池更换方便或电池更换不方便。可见,采用“××与否”的说法时,一般总是同时指事情可能出现的正反两种情况。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">文章中“国民的文明修养或成为中国现代化成功与否的瓶颈”的意思是说,国民的文明修养问题,已经成为我国实现现代化的一个瓶颈。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30px; font-size: 20px; background-color: white;">从(1)至(5)可以看出,“瓶颈”是指事情进行、发展或成功的“容易发生阻碍的关键环节”,而一般不用于比喻性地指称事情不进行、不发展、不成功方面的情况。<strong><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">因此,文中将同时指事情正、反两个方面的“成功与否”与“瓶颈”连用的说法是不妥当的。宜去掉“与否”,改成“国民的文明修养不高或成为中国现代化成功的瓶颈。”</font></strong></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="background-color: white;"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> 《语言文字报》原主编 杜永道</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="background-color: white;"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> 《 人民日报海外版 》( 2015年05月09日 第 06 版)</strong></p><p></p>
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