突出整体推进建新村
<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 27pt;"><font color="#00B7EF" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; background-color: white;">【开头的话】这篇稿子虽然过去快十年了,但是,觉得一些观点于今天也还可自勉。故此,发于此与从事或热爱扶贫工作的同仁们分享。特别说明,当时讲的是"选定最困难的村",次年在给一位省领导写讲话稿时,用了本文的一些主要观点。那位省领导说:思铁,我给你改一字,把"定"改为"准"。我当时就觉得改得很好。所以,这次刊出就改为“准”了。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"> <wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="background-color: white;">文/王思铁</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"> <wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;">我们这次来,主要是对甘孜州宣传贯彻今年中央<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1</span>号文件、省委<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1</span>号文件的情况进行督查、对<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2003</span>年扶贫工程情况进行抽查认定,顺带开展全省《扶贫开发规划》修订完善、《西部地区若干国家级贫困县的状况及发展路径研究》作些调研。这几件事本身就是一件事,因为农村扶贫是构建和谐社会的一项重要内容,是经济发展新阶段的必然要求,更是全面落实中央<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1</span>号文件、省委<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1</span>号文件的重要方面。下面,我就扶贫调研的感受谈几点个人看法。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">一、扶贫的四个明显效果</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;">这次,我和州扶贫办的文新副主任、王建科长一道,对康定县<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2003</span>年启动的新村扶贫工程进行了调研检查,先后到了菜园子村、水桥村、折多塘村和王母村。在村上召开座谈会、走访农户、检查项目,听取了李光明副县长、扶贫办唐孝玉主任的情况介绍,州上的领导也给我们介绍了一些情况,今天还查阅了新村的相关资料。我们总的认为,康定县扶贫效果比较令人满意。通过扶贫,菜园子等<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span>个村有了四个明显的变化:</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">一是基础设施建设有明显的新的变化。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">修建通村公路<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">,</span>硬化进村道路,架设输电线路,整修河堤堡坎等,扶贫新村基础设施建设有了明显的变化。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">二是生产生活条件有明显的新的变化</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">。改造农户住房,解决人畜饮水,修建入户便路,新建培修村小等,农牧民的生产生活条件有了明显变化。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">三是村容村貌及农牧民的精神状态有明显的新的变化。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">不论走进哪个村、哪户人家,道路整洁、干净卫生,人的精神振作、和谐向上。菜园子村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">89</span>岁的姜永珍老人,谈起自家的闭路电视,便是一说一个笑。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">四是农牧民生活有明显的新的变化。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">去年几个村的农民人均纯收入,都有较快的增长。农牧民从住房到衣着、食物结构,都有看得见、摸得着的新的变化。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr></span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">二、新村扶贫的五个特点</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;">康定扶贫工作是全州扶贫工作的缩影。通过走访、座谈、听介绍,对新村扶贫乃至康定的整个扶贫工作,也可以说是通过检查康定县来看整个甘孜州的扶贫工作,我们认为主要有以下五个显著的特点:</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">一是领导抓得好。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">县级领导都联系了重点贫困村,不仅对新村扶贫重视,对教育、卫生等其它扶贫工作也十分重视。对贫困农牧民急需解决的、上级没有安排资金的问题,康定县也想到了,也力办了,并且效果也很好。比如在解决“三无户”住房等方面,就做得很好、很突出。这充分说明康定县在解决农牧民群众生产、生活中的困难和问题是很有责任心的。如果群众连居住都成问题,还如何构建和谐社会呢?所以康定县在这方面干得特别漂亮。康定县属于老少边穷地区,但每年能挤出两百多万元资金来解决老百姓的住房问题,确实非常不容易,是非常的难能可贵。这充分说明康定县委、县政府确实把扶贫工作放在整个经济建设的重要议事日程,相洛书记在上午的汇报讲话中,也明确了康定县是把扶贫工作作为广大农牧民脱贫致富奔小康的基础。这些都充分体现了县委、县政府对扶贫工作的高度重视,抓得很紧、抓得实在、抓得很好。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">二是部门帮扶好</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">。我们检查的<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span>个村,都有部门帮扶。这些部门中,有县委、人大、政府、政协、法院、检察院等。党政机关帮扶并不是今天才提出来的,也不是现在才开始搞的,但在别的一些地方落实得并不尽人意。我们在<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span>个村,走访了一些老百姓,他们对帮扶单位的评价都很高,因为确实得到了很多实惠。王母村是县委相洛书记的联系点,县委办以及州军分区机关在那里办了许多为人称道的实事,比如投入帮扶资金<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">23</span>万元,双休日组织干部职工帮村上修硬件路等。县政协办帮扶水桥村,捐赠资金<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2.8</span>万元,据村上反映说仅今年初来,杜吉泽登主席就去了村上四五次。总之,部门帮扶出现了一种“有钱出钱、有力出力、无钱无力出感情”的良好态势。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">三是群众苦干好</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">。我们实地走访的<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span>个村中,国家的扶贫投入分别为<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">9.8</span>万、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">20</span>万、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">8.6</span>万、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">14.7</span>万元,每村平均仅为<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">13</span>万多元。但是,群众投工折资则分别达<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">29.6</span>万、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">71.5</span>万、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">28.6</span>万、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">83.6</span>万元,每村平均为<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">53</span>万多元,是国家投入的四倍多。<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2004</span>年,菜园子村还出了远近闻名的一大新闻,<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">9</span>个农家子弟考上了大学。村民陈义英、周玉秀两人都分别失去了丈夫,各自带着两个子女,但是,人穷志不穷,自强不息,两户各有一个孩了考上了大学。这让我想起宋时莆田人陈俊<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(50, 62, 50);"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-size: 16px;">卿</font></span>说的“地瘦栽松柏,家贫子读书”;同时,这些感人的事迹给人一个重要启迪就是,扶贫的主体是贫困村社、贫困群众,他们的自力更生、艰苦奋斗、苦干实干,才是扶贫工作的动力源泉。康定的老百姓能在县委、县政府的带领下,用勤奋的双手来改变贫困落后面貌,我看了以后很受感动。这里的老百姓有这样自力更生、苦干实干的精神,是康定县委、县政府的骄傲。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">四是缺啥补啥好。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">昨天上午,我们去到的瓦泽乡水桥村,地处海拔近 <span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4000</span>米的国道<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">318</span>线两旁,素有入甘“康巴第一藏村”之称。在村民昂汪降措家座谈时,村委主任泽仁邓珠介绍说,我们村是个穷村,解放<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">50</span>多年了,要办的事太多,但是,村民要求最急需办的就是两件事:一是盼光明(通电),二是盼住房。<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2003</span>年这个村开展了新村扶贫,国家投入该村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">20</span>万元无偿扶贫资金,他们用<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">14</span>万元启动搞通电工程、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6</span>万元启动搞住房改造,捆绑各类投入共<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">107</span>万多元。全村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">75</span>户<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">316</span>人用上电、盼到了“光明”,<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">28</span>户<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">117</span>人告别了长期住“呷比(牲畜圈)”或危房的历史。村党支部书记尼扎感慨地对我们说,我们原来不晓得哪个是江(泽民)主席,现在我们全村人都认得胡(锦涛)主席,因为村里有电了、看电视方便了。<u>这里的实践说明:选准最困难的村、扶持最贫困的户、力办群众最急需办的事,这是新村扶贫的根本所在</u>。县、乡各级</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">通过发动群众参与,以及帮扶人员走访等手段来了解、把脉贫困村最缺什么、农牧民最想要解决什么,你们就补什么、解决什么,这是坚持以人为本、坚持科学发展观、坚持正确的政绩观的最好体现。总之,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">实事求是、因地制宜、缺啥补啥,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">是康定县扶贫工作最显著的特征、最突出的经验,这一条很值得在各地新村扶贫中普遍推广。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">五是资金管理好</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">。资金的筹措、管理、使用,是扶贫工作的一个核心环节。在这方面,康定做得也比较好。一是在财力左支右绌的情况下,还打紧开支、增加了扶贫投入,一年挤出百来万元扶贫,这是很难能可贵的,形成了好的<u>投入机制;</u>二是制度健全,专款专用,实行报账制,形成了好的<u>管理机制</u>;三是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">以扶贫资金为引信,整合捆绑其它资源,形成了好的<u>整</u></span><u><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">合机制</span></u><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">;四是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">张榜公布,公开透明,形成了好的</span><u><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">监督机制</span></u><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">。我们走访调查的村,都有资金项目的公告碑、栏,实施<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">“</span>扶贫阳光<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">”</span>工程,广泛接受群众的监督。这些作法,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">不仅完善了扶贫资金项目的监管,更是提高了使用效益。因此,我们到过的地方,无论资金多少,都管理使用得非常好,确实用在了穷人身上,用穷人的钱办了穷人的事。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;">总之,<u>领导真抓、部门实帮、群众苦干、缺啥补啥、整合资源</u>,是康定扶贫工作的一大特色、一大亮点。康定县的扶贫工作,为什么做得如此出色?关键是书记、县长的领导带头作用发挥得好,形成了主要领导亲自抓、分管领导具体抓、职能部门全力抓、各个部门合力抓的新格局。特别说一句,县委、县政府重视扶贫机构建设,配备了<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6</span>个同志;扶贫办没有辜负县委、县政府的期望,狠抓效能建设,是一支特别能战斗的队伍。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">三、需要注意的两个问题</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;">勿庸置疑,康定新村扶贫乃至整个的扶贫工作成效突出、经验可贵。但是也有两个问题,需要引起我们的高度重视。一是贫困村选择不够准。我们看的<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span>个村,都在公路旁边,一个属于中等偏上、另三个属于中等略为偏下,但是,它们都说不上是县内最困难的村。你们的新村扶贫基本上按先易后难进行的。二是扶贫资金到位不足。按规定每个村无偿扶贫资金<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">20</span>万元,只有水桥村到位,其他三个村平均到位<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">11</span>万元。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;">当然,“脚痛要医头”,问题在下面,根子在上面。就第一个问题来说,当初省上没有划定贫困村的具体标准,况且康定县内即便发展水平好的村与其他地方比较起来,也还是穷村;再就第二个问题来说,省扶贫开发领导小组下达给康定县<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span>个村,省以工代赈办又以川赈办<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">32</span>号文件要县上搞<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6</span>个村,这势必又分散资金。所以我才说:责任不在你们,“脚痛要医头”。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;">就全省来看,新村扶贫不同程度地存在五个方面问题:</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">一个是先易后难。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">新村扶贫最应当坚持的就是先难后易选择最困难的村来扶持,但是,由于各种原因一些地方先易后难选择贫困村问题比较突出。个别的村早在上世纪末就挂了小康村的牌子,新世纪又戴贫困村的帽子。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">二个是村内弃穷。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">一些地方在新村扶贫中,到户小型项目本来就少,而一些到户的小型项目,在政策上又是“一刀切”,结果富裕户得的补助多,贫困户自有资金少,得的补助少,甚至没有得到补助,<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: black;">客观上形成“弃穷扶富”。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">三个是资金</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">漏出。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">省上<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">10</span>年扶贫“规划”提出每个新村投入无偿扶贫资金<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">50</span>万元、信贷扶贫资金<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">100</span>万元。实际执行情况是<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">'01</span>年为<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">9.5</span>万元、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">'02</span>年为<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">10</span>万元、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">'03</span>年为<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">20</span>万元、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">'04</span>年为<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">40</span>万元;信贷资金到村几乎为零。到村扶贫资金本来就少,又有部分被一些市、县挪作他用,有的村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">10</span>年扶贫就得三五万元的财政性扶贫资金。同时,资金上还有个平均主义问题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">四个是主体位移。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">贫困群众是扶贫的主体,但是,一些地方片面地搞所谓的“先垫后报”、“招标投标”、“政府采购”,严重地制约和影响了贫困群体对扶贫的“知情权、决策权、参与权、受益权、监督权”的落实。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">五个是审批繁琐。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">新村扶贫项目特点是投资少、项目小、周期短、农户散,社区农户不仅远离市、省,而且也远离县城。但是,凡是村级项目,不仅要报市、省,甚至要报北京审批。这样就延缓了资金及时到位,新村扶贫陷入“一年资金二年干、三年再把结果看”的恶性循环。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;"> <wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 28.1pt;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27.499998092651367px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; background-color: white;">四、工作上的三点建议</span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">一是要树立扶贫长期作战的思想</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">。扶贫是个过程,不是个时点。贫困地区从温饱到小康特别是全面小康的过程,绝对不是短暂的。扶贫工作是长期的、复杂的、也是艰巨的。小平同志说过,基本路线一百年不变,社会主义初级阶段是个相当长的时期。贫困地区的存在、贫困人口的存在、贫困现象的存在,是社会主义初级阶段的显著特点,所以,扶贫工作是长期的。目前,就绝对贫困和低收入贫困人口来看,全国农村还分别有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2610</span>万、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4997</span>万人;四川还分别有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">197</span>万、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">460</span>万人;据你们州里上报的材料看,全州分别还有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">36</span>万与<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">17</span>万人,两项总和高达全州农村居民总数的<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">68%</span>。况且,我国的扶贫标准还很低、仅是个工作的标准。扶贫越往后,<u>区际间的、族际间的、阶层间的、边际间的</u>等等问题,会越来越复杂。至于扶贫的艰巨性,特别在甘孜这样的地方,更是大家所熟知的。你得想尽千方百计、趟过千山万水、走进千家万户、道尽千言万语、吃尽千辛万苦,方能换来千变万化。扶贫不仅是经济发展问题,也是社会人文问题,更是一个政治大局问题。在贫困地方,扶贫是小康的基础,没有这个基础或这个基础不牢,就谈不上小康。康定的总人口<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">12</span>万多人,绝对贫困人口还有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1.2</span>万多、低收入贫困人口<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2.2</span>万多,两项合计占全县总人口的<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">28%</span>以上。<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">07</span>年达小康也好、奔小康也好,我个人认为都缺乏可能性。甘孜州的贫困调查指数、深度指数、强度指数,不仅在全省而且在全国都是最高的。可以说甘孜脱贫之日,就是全省小康之时。正因为扶贫是长期、复杂、艰巨的,所以我们才要树立长期作战的思想。李白在一首名叫《行路难》的诗中说到:行路难、行路难,多歧路,今安在;长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。虽然扶贫的过程会起伏不平,但是有党和政府的高度重视,有贫困地区干部群众自强不息,只要我们决策正确,路子对头,脚步抓紧,就能拨云见日、取得成功。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 12pt;">二是要抓住机遇做好中期“微调”。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">按照去年<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">11</span>月全国扶贫开发工作会议精神,今年国务院扶贫办部署了对<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">10</span>年扶贫进行中期评估、修订完善扶贫开发规划的工作。要看到中期评估和完善规划是辨证统一、紧密相联的。微调的内容多,但要抓住关键、捉住要害。评估是基础,完善是目的,方法上说都离不总结成绩经验、查找困难问题、提出对策措施。总结成绩、经验,根本的是经验。特好的经验弥足珍贵,对推动工作有不可低估的巨大作用。找准困难、问题,根本的是问题。准确的问题至关重要,对完善规划有对症下药的独到功效。对策措施不在多而在于精、在于管用,多中心即无中心,多承诺即无承诺,多重点即无重点,可以说“多对策”也即“无对策”。搞具体工作的同志特别是领导同志,要清楚地明白:目标不明决心大,胸中无数措施多,既是扶贫工作也是评估完善工作的大忌。对甘孜来说,中期评估、完善是一个几年才能一遇的极好机遇。去年四五月,我在通江、雅江搞调研时,两县的同志就反映,各自都有近一倍的贫困村,没有入围“万村扶贫”。我开宗明了地说,这次搞调研的目的之一就是为中期微调做些准备,古人尚说“预则立,不预则废”嘛!我提醒当地党政领导和扶贫部门,要及早做好<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">10</span>年扶贫规划中期调整的准备。不能老是“睡得晚、醒得早、起得迟”,事后又心存“悔意”。机遇只迷恋对它有准备的那些有心人。省委、省政府对三州特别是甘孜的贫困问题很重视,上个月专门向在通江考察工作的温总理作了汇报,争取三州在扶贫方面能享受西藏一样的整体政策待遇;总理同意国务院扶贫办研究。我想这要有期待,但也不能寄予过高的企盼,因为全国有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">30</span>个民族自治州。看了你们州委、州政府给省委、省政府的一个报告,说到全州<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2001</span>年农村居民纯收入<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">625</span>元以下的村中,还有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">457</span>个没有纳入“万村扶贫”。全省上万个重点村本来也不少了,但是,客观上又确实有部分特别困难的村没有入围。解决类似的问题,可能只有走<u>“稳存量、添增量”</u>的路子。《诗经》上说:“普天之下,莫非王土。率土之滨,莫非王臣。”都是党的阳光照耀下的穷人,都应当给予扶持。建议州里进一步把贫困情况向省上反映,争取在这次微调时挤进去,至少使没有入围的村的问题能得到解决或有所大的缓解。这对甘孜来说,可能是最为至关重要的。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 黑体; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">三是要突出“三最”共进建新村。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">这个问题,本身也是修订、完善《扶贫开发规划》的重要内容。后<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span>年的扶贫工作,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">就新村扶贫来说,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">就是必须坚持先难后易,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">选准最困难的村、扶持最贫困的户、办好群众最急需办的事为原则。这既是新村扶贫也是整个扶贫工作带根本性的问题。能不能坚持这一条,应当是检验是否讲政治、带感情、真扶贫、扶真贫的试金石。特别是我们扶贫部门的同志,要看到穷人是最弱势、最底层的群体,你<u>扶贫部门是穷人之“家”</u>,你不为他说话谁为他说。不说别的,这至少能体现你对穷人有没有感情的问题。前年底,我到宜宾长宁调研时,给市扶贫办的左洪主任他们讨论过,扶贫工作锁定对象最重要。既要首先扶持最穷的村,在村内又要首先扶持最穷的户,就是要把新村扶贫中财政专项扶贫资金这一块,先砍它一砣出来,首先用于尚未越温的户和低收入户,余下的再用于全村。这样就可以解决“村内弃穷”的问题。他们去年这样做了,很有效果。你们可以学习嘛。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><font color="#00B7EF" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"></font></span></span></p>**** Hidden Message *****<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 23.333332061767578px; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: black;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-size: 14px;"></font></span></span></span></p><p></p>
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