石子云 发表于 2014-6-19 17:16:04

跟贾陆英老师学《论语》八佾篇第21章(6月15日)

<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">跟<st1:personname productid="贾陆英" w:st="on">贾陆英</st1:personname>老师学《论语》八佾篇第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 22pt;">21</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">章</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="15" month="6" year="2014" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">6</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">15</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">下午</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">3</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">30</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">分,《</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">论语</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">札记》作者贾陆英老师在老秘网</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">重温经典读书会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”QQ</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">群</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;49231471</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">里面,就《论语》八佾篇第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">21</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">章进行了讲解,具体内容如下。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">一、原文释义</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">原文:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">哀公问社于宰我。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">宰我对曰:“夏后氏以松,殷人以柏,周人以栗,曰:使民战栗。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">子闻之,曰:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎。</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">注释:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">社:土地神,祭土神的庙也称社。古时立国都要建社,选用宜于当地生长的树木做社主</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">(</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">土地神的牌位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">)</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">。从宰我的回答看,哀公问的就是用什么木头做社主。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">宰我:孔子的学生,姓宰、名予、字子我,亦称宰予,孔门十哲之一,长于言语。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">夏后氏:夏朝,夏的国号为夏后。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">殷:商代后期,盘庚把国都迁到殷,史称殷商时代。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">使民战栗:战栗,恐惧,发抖。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">译文:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">鲁哀公问宰我做社主用什么木。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">宰我回答说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">夏代用松木,殷人用柏木,周人用栗木,这叫做使民众战战栗栗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">孔子听到宰我的解说后,责备他说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既成之事不便再解释了,已经付诸行动的事不便再劝谏了,已经过去的事不便再追究了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">二、既往不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">问:孔子所说“成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎”,体现了一种什么态度?<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">答:据南<st1:personname productid="怀谨" w:st="on">怀谨</st1:personname>先生在《论语别裁》中的诠释:宰我认为,周人用栗木做社主不好,栗树使人看了会害怕,战战兢兢。孔子听到宰我的解说后,讲了</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,表明他对文王、武王的功德是充分肯定的,故而强调对用栗木做社主这件事,不必再追究了。这体现的是对前人过错的一种宽容态度,是对历史的一个宽恕。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">已经成为人们熟悉和常用的成语。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">什么是社稷?在古代,社稷是帝王、诸侯所祭祀的土神和谷神,社是土地神,稷是五谷神,两者是农业社会最重要的根基,因而社稷也是国家的代称。国家的首都建有社稷坛,社稷坛种的树,是一个民族的文化象征。鲁哀公问宰我做社主用什么木,宰我实话实说,指出了周人用栗木,这叫做使民众战战栗栗。孔子听到宰我的解说后,说了</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,这话虽有责备宰我的意思,但也反映出孔子认为周朝这件事做得确实不好。孔子是站在全局上看问题的,他认为周文王、周武王建立了不朽之功,周朝在文化上也是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">郁郁乎文哉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,加之当时有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">为尊者讳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的礼俗,所以他对前辈的圣人主张采取宽容的态度。孔子对待历史人物的这个态度,对后世有深远影响。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎是有前提的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">一是对待历史上有大功的人所犯错误,可以既往不咎;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">二是对待敌方阵营中真心投诚的人,他们过去的历史可以既往不咎;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">三是对待自己队伍中犯了错误而又能够改正的人,可以既往不咎。这是一种大胸怀,也是一种大智慧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">历史上,既往不咎的政策往往成为有远见的政治家瓦解敌人,壮大自己,或化敌为友的有效手段。诸葛亮七擒孟获就是典型的一例。他准备东征魏国,必须使后方稳定,有一个安稳的政治环境,军事环境,所以必须使南方当地土著首领心服口服,心甘情愿地归顺蜀国,以免他们阳奉阴违,使大后方不稳。在这件事里,诸葛亮神机妙算,施展有度,运筹帷幄,深明大义,深谋远虑,宽宏大量,既往不咎,实事求是,体恤下属,以礼服人,终于使孟获心悦诚服,使他能够带领当地人真正地归顺蜀国。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">在党的历史上,怎样对待敌人营垒中可以争取团结的力量?毛泽东提出了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">以礼相待</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的方针。依据这一方针,我们有效地瓦解了国民党军队,争取了一大批有良心、有爱国心的国民党将领。解放战争中,国民党部队共损失</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">807</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">万多人,其中投诚</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">63</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">万余人、起义</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">84</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">万余人。尤其是在三大战役时,造成了国民党军队土崩瓦解,纷纷投奔解放军的局面。辽沈、淮海、平津三大战役,历时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">142</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">天,共争取起义、投诚、接受和平改编与歼灭国民党正规军</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">144</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">个师,非正规军</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">29</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">个师,合计共</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">154</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">万余人。国民党赖以维持其反动统治的主要军事力量基本上被消灭。三大战役的胜利,奠定了人民解放战争在全国胜利的巩固基础。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">开展批评与自我批评,是我们党的优良传统。党的经验证明,开展批评与自我批评是一件非常严肃的事情,对愿意改正错误的人,要既往不咎,不能抓住不放。这样做,可以使犯错误的人有改正错误的机会,使他们增加改正错误的信心;可以增强党的团结,壮大党的队伍。而什么时候违背了这一原则,党必然会遭受损失。王明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">左</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">倾路线的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">残酷斗争,无情打击</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">文化大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的乱整人,就是我们应当永远记取的教训。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">贝壳里的海滩</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">胸襟豁达,第一次搞明白</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">社稷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的含义。诸葛亮真高明。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">不知者乏味:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说,遂事不谏是什么意思啊!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">刚看完,正想说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">是有前提的,贾老倒是都说全了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既成之事不便再解释了,已经付诸行动的事不便再劝谏了,已经过去的事不便再追究了。不妨说说前两句吧。呵呵,同问了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说,这个和后来说言</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">前事不忘后事之师</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">似有相悖?既成之事不便再解释了</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">事虽已成事实,但我们可以总结经验教训,以资后世,为何连解释都不要了?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说,指既成之事不便再解释了;遂事不谏,指已经付诸行动的事不便再劝谏了,既往不咎,指已经过去的事不便再追究了。三个词意思差不多,连用,意在强调。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">哦,如此当可理解了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">夕惕若:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">这三个词,真是大智慧!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">红豆醒来:</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">关于</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事不谏</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂,含有成功的意义。从这个意义上说,遂有已经完成的意思。这样一来,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">就有已经完成事情的意义了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏是一个有着特殊意义的字眼,表面上看是规劝,实质上是专指用语言规劝君主或尊长改正错误的一种行为。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏是孔子思想中的价值系统,在此后的历史岁月中,我国按照孔子谏之思想发育出了谏官制度,以专门对君主进行规劝,规劝其改正错误。其实,今天执政党所采取的政治协商制度就是古时谏官制度的延续与变种,而各个民主党派其实质就是扮演着古时谏官的角色。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">为什么要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事不谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">呢?其因盖如下:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">、其实,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事不谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">是一种中庸的表现。其原因是:作为臣下或是部属,对<st1:personname productid="于" w:st="on">于</st1:personname>君主或是首领进行规劝是义不容辞的责任和义务,只有这样才能够保证这个群体更好的发展,这是显而易见的事情,此不必多言。但是,作为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,它不是无条件的;同时,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">也是有时机的。如果对于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的条件和时机不进行把握与控制,那</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">是远远达不到预期效果的。所以说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">要掌握好火候,实际上这个所谓的掌握好火候说到底就是中庸。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">、其实,所谓的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,就是指这个事情已经完成了,不然如何称其为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">呢?所以说,作为已经完成的事情,有些时候是很难改变或是根本就无法改变的,不是吗?既然是这个样子,我们为什么还要做无用功,去</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">什么呢?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">、如果不是运用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事不谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的方法去</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,会为自己招致不良后果。所谓已经完成的事情,某种意义上就是已经决定的事情。既然是已经决定的事情,所剩余的就是执行了。换言之,只有更好地执行,这个决定才具有意义,否则这个已经完成的决定还有什么意义?难道不是吗?既然如此,就不允许有任何妨碍全面执行决定的力量出现。实质上,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">还</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">就是这种妨碍全面执行决定的力量。对于这种妨碍全面执行决定的力量,君主及其他相关人当然不会坐视了。所以说,这个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">还</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">之人招致祸害是在所难免的了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">、历史上有诸多的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">死谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,如果其出现在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">之后,其实意义不大,因为既改变不了什么,又牺牲了性命。当然,作为今天,已经没有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">死谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">了,不过我们一定不要学习</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">死谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的精神来做所谓其他的有很大损失</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,当然也就是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">遂事不谏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">关于</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">:</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">我觉得,我还是应再说一说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">往,就是指过去和从前,这一点非常清楚。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">咎的含义比较复杂。咎字含有:灾害、灾祸;罪过、过失;憎恶的不同意义。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">所谓既往不咎,有对过去、从前的事情,包括罪过、过失不去追究的意思。当然这个罪过、过失是指一般意义上的,而非需负法律责任的罪行。咎还有憎恶的意思,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">就是不憎恶的意思。咎还有灾害、灾祸的意思,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">就是不灾祸、灾害的意思;也就是没有灾祸和灾害的意思。反之,如果对于过去的、从前的罪过和过失</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的话还可能会产生灾害和灾祸。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既然</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">里含有灾害和灾祸,那我们还是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的好;也就是说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">可以避免灾害或是灾祸。这可能是孔子之所以为什么要说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的深层次原因吧!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">此外,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">还具备宽宏大量的品质,也可以摆脱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">冤怨相报何时了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的恶性循环。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">几千年来,中华民族之所以具备宽容的精神,也就是海纳百川的精神,与孔子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的思想有着深刻的渊源关系。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">其实,孔子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的思想可以用在处理个人、单位、国家、民族、宗教等之间所发生的问题,它是放之四海而皆准的价值系统!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">不知者乏味:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">对于我们处理人际关系有很大的作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">红豆醒来:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">以礼相待</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">区区八字,力量无穷啊!说小是情怀,说大是战略。正所谓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">文人用兵亦如神</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">!其实从生活工作层面来看也是如此。比如夫妇相处,对过往的不和谐的事既往不咎;再如工作,对同事间的不和谐事既往不咎。其实也是一种处世哲学。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">是的,只有采取这样的方针,才能使人打消顾虑,投奔过来。如果非要追究他过去的历史罪过,他就会只有一个选择</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">顽抗到底。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">比如夫妇相处,对过往的不和谐的事既往不咎;再如工作,对同事间的不和谐事既往不咎。其实也是一种处世哲学。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">是的,有利于团结人,与人为善,才能够和谐相处。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">向阳花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎,从一个角度去看待已过去的事情,让后代不要揪住过错不放,着眼于可吸收融合的方面。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">夕惕若:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">毛主席到底还是追究了啊!正如佛家讲的人生八苦之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">放不下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,一个既往不咎,真能做到的话,岂不少了一苦。傅作义之流,当时是投降了,允诺的挺好,后来不都给收拾了。窃以为,战争时期的既往不咎,不过是权宜,兵不厌诈、无所不用其极。真是在战争中走向另一方的人,一是人品不行,再者也会受到战争双方的鄙夷。还有一点,既往不咎要强调一个既往,战争还在继续的情况下,就不是既往,要真是能像美国南北战争之后,平等对待每一个放下武器的公民,那才叫既往不咎。或许傅作义等人的投降是符合大义的,但老毛的做法未必见得是既往不咎。倒是美国南北战争的做法,更符合既往不咎的范畴。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">弘毅:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">说起傅作义就想起他跟老毛提出说想管水的事情,</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">于是老傅成为了新中国第一任水利部长。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">@</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">夕惕若</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">把今天的讨论带入高潮了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">不知者乏味:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">对别人既往不咎是宽容,对自己却不是,我们应该严格要求自己,有错就要改。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">弘毅:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">既往不咎是阳谋还是阴谋,个人认为阴谋,是权宜之计。一面就是要有容忍之雅量,另一面就是要用权宜之计换取战略的成功。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">不敢苟同,正所谓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">横看成岭侧成峰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">。小夕童鞋的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">到底还是追究了啊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的喟叹,放在历史的角度和当时的环境来参看,也不是能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">一言以蔽之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">真是在战争中走向另一方的人,一是人品不行,再者也会受到战争双方的鄙夷。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">人间自有公理大义在,人品的看法也得看放在什么层面上考量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“‘</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">真是在战争中走向另一方的人,一是人品不行,再者也会受到战争双方的鄙夷。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">’</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">人间自有公理大义在,人品的看法也得看放在什么层面上考量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">这样的观点,我赞同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">贝壳里的海滩:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">人无完人,不同时期、不同年龄段,看问题的结果亦不相同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">不知者乏味:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">我觉得叛变不好。就像在企业,领导不会喜欢爱跳槽的员工。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">弘毅:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">实际上,走向战争另一方的兵临城下者居多,深明大义者居少。谈谋略跟是不是红关系不大,个人是毛泽东铁杆崇拜者。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">向阳花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">历史应该辩证的看,毛爷爷也为民做过很多好是,傅作义也为民做过好事。他们的优点就当经验学习,过错就引以为戒吧。仁者见仁,智者见智。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">一个人看问题,是有立场的,站在不同的立场上,就会有不同的看法。不同的结论。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">贝壳里的海滩:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">我也是毛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">粉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">弘毅:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">群里应该很多毛粉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">向阳花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">我是毛粉、周粉、邓粉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">夕惕若:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">我个人也认为毛主席雄才伟略,但是对他是不是既往不咎有点看法,觉得战时招降政策不过是一种暂时谋略,算不得既往不咎。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">弘毅:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">慈不掌兵,从谋略的角度讲我挺毛爷爷。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">向阳花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">文化大革命对几代人的影响甚深呀。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">我认为,但凡能使更多数民众受益,能匡扶正义、教化庶民,使国泰民安、风清气正的策略或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">伎俩</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">也好,观其动机是为公理为大义的,都是可取的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">弘毅:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">如果老毛真既往不咎的话,让傅作义当了海军司令,谁知道后来会发生什么。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">夕惕若:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">那肯定是不会的,谁也不会让一个投降的人掌握大权,何况主席</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">如何评价毛泽东,是一个重大问题,关乎党和国家的长治久安,也关乎我们每个人的福祉。必须十分慎重。历史上,赫鲁晓夫全盘否定斯大林,是苏联亡国的根本原因之一。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">赞同贾老所言,这是个大命题,我们不可擅自评价。回到正题上来吧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">向阳花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">全盘的否定了?一把手的决策真是决定了一个国家的命运呀。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">夕惕若:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">诚然!赫鲁晓夫的做法直接击倒了整个苏维埃的精神信仰</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">。</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说,这个问题我就此打住。这三句话和总结经验教训不冲突吧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">弘毅:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">以案说法而已。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">其实一直没有跑题,贾老德高望重,能坚持在这授业解惑,我想他应该是有为往圣继绝学的情怀,我们晚辈学习国学是要经世致用,所以我想听更深入的,有不妥之处,请各位既往不咎。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">@</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">会长</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">-</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">贾陆英:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">老师,我再次声明,我是毛主席的铁杆粉丝。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">向阳花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">毛泽东思想,邓小平理论,三个代表重要思想。你们大多都是公务员,该是经常研究这些。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">贝壳里的海滩:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">所以说改革不是一件容易的事。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">孔子说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,但是孔子没有说未成事时是否可以说。我认为,按照孔子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成事不说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">之思想本质,未成事时是可以说的。因为既有说的余地,又有使事物停止发展和改变事物发展方向的可能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">我们常说,将危害消灭于萌芽状态。所谓消灭在萌芽状态,其实质就是消灭在事物未成之前。这说明,在事物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">之前,还是比较容易对其进行改变的。从这个意义上说,当事物或者实事未</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">时是可以说的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">弘毅:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">未成事时是可以说的。因为既有说的余地,又有使事物停止发展和改变事物发展方向的可能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">——</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">同意这个,或许是孔子本意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">三、后事之师<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">习近平同志在纪念毛泽东同志诞辰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">120</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">周年座谈会上的讲话中,谈到了如何评价毛泽东的问题。他说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">人世间没有一帆风顺的事业。综观世界历史,任何一个国家、一个民族的发展,都会跌宕起伏甚至充满曲折。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">艰难困苦,玉汝于成。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">多难兴邦,殷忧启圣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">失败为成功之母。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">毛泽东同志也常说,前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。这是一切正义事业发展的历史逻辑。我们的事业之所以伟大,就在于经历世所罕见的艰难而不断取得成功。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">不能否认,毛泽东同志在社会主义建设道路的探索中走过弯路,他在晚年特别是在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">文化大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">中犯了严重错误。对毛泽东同志的历史功过,党的十一届六中全会作出的《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》进行了全面评价。邓小平同志说,毛泽东同志的功绩是第一位的,他的错误是第二位的,他的错误在于违反了他自己正确的东西,是一个伟大的革命家、伟大的马克思主义者所犯的错误。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">在中国这样的社会历史条件下建设社会主义,没有先例,犹如攀登一座人迹未至的高山,一切攀登者都要披荆斩棘、开通道路。毛泽东同志晚年的错误有其主观因素和个人责任,还在于复杂的国内国际的社会历史原因,应该全面、历史、辩证地看待和分析。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">对历史人物的评价,应该放在其所处时代和社会的历史条件下去分析,不能离开对历史条件、历史过程的全面认识和对历史规律的科学把握,不能忽略历史必然性和历史偶然性的关系。不能把历史顺境中的成功简单归功于个人,也不能把历史逆境中的挫折简单归咎于个人。不能用今天的时代条件、发展水平、认识水平去衡量和要求前人,不能苛求前人干出只有后人才能干出的业绩来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">革命领袖是人不是神。尽管他们拥有很高的理论水平、丰富的斗争经验、卓越的领导才能,但这并不意味着他们的认识和行动可以不受时代条件限制。不能因为他们伟大就把他们像神那样顶礼膜拜,不容许提出并纠正他们的失误和错误;也不能因为他们有失误和错误就全盘否定,抹杀他们的历史功绩,陷入虚无主义的泥潭。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">前事不忘,后事之师。一个马克思主义政党对自己的错误所抱的态度,是衡量这个党是否真正履行对人民群众所负责任的一个最重要最可靠的尺度。我们党对自己包括领袖人物的失误和错误历来采取郑重的态度,一是敢于承认,二是正确分析,三是坚决纠正,从而使失误和错误连同党的成功经验一起成为宝贵的历史教材。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">历史就是历史,历史不能任意选择,一个民族的历史是一个民族安身立命的基础。不论发生过什么波折和曲折,不论出现过什么苦难和困难,中华民族</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">5000</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">多年的文明史,中国人民近代以来</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">170</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">多年的斗争史,中国共产党</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">90</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">多年的奋斗史,中华人民共和国</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">60</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">多年的发展史,都是人民书写的历史。历史总是向前发展的,我们总结和吸取历史教训,目的是以史为鉴、更好前进。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">习近平同志直面问题,提出了正确评价历史人物的基本原则和科学态度。有这样几个重要思想观点。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">一是,从历史发展的一般规律,从一切正义事业发展的历史逻辑的高度,说明人世间没有一帆风顺的事业,越是伟大的成功其过程越是充满艰辛。历史本来就是在曲折中发展的,失败为成功之母。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">我们的事业之所以伟大,就在于经历世所罕见的艰难而不断取得成功。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">这正是毛泽东同志所说的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">人间正道是沧桑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">二是,毛泽东同志晚年犯错误,有其主观因素和个人责任,也有复杂的国内国际的社会历史原因,应该全面、历史、辩证地看待和分析。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">在中国这样的社会历史条件下建设社会主义,没有先例,犹如攀登一座人迹未至的高山,一切攀登者都要披荆斩棘、开通道路。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">我们要注意从这个方面去认识和分析毛泽东同志犯错误的原因,客观公正地、全面正确地认识错误、吸取教训。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">三是,评价历史人物应该放在其所处时代和社会的历史条件下去分析,做到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">六个不能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">,即:不能离开对历史条件、历史过程的全面认识和对历史规律的科学把握,不能忽略历史必然性和历史偶然性的关系;不能把历史顺境中的成功简单归功于个人,也不能把历史逆境中的挫折简单归咎于个人;不能用今天的时代条件、发展水平、认识水平去衡量和要求前人,不能苛求前人干出只有后人才能干出的业绩来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">四是,革命领袖是人不是神,他们的认识和行动也要受时代条件限制。因此,对待他们所犯的错误,要做到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">两个不能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">。一个是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">不能因为他们伟大就把他们像神那样顶礼膜拜,不容许提出并纠正他们的失误和错误</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">;另一个是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">也不能因为他们有失误和错误就全盘否定,抹杀他们的历史功绩,陷入虚无主义的泥潭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">五是,能否正确对待自己所犯的错误,是衡量一个马克思主义政党是否真正对人民负责任、是否郑重的一个最重要最可靠的尺度。提出对错误采取郑重态度的标准:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">一是敢于承认,二是正确分析,三是坚决纠正,从而使失误和错误连同党的成功经验一起成为宝贵的历史教材。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">这是对列宁在《共产主义运动中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">左派</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">幼稚病》中提出的重要理论观点的进一步阐发。我们党对自己包括领袖人物的失误和错误历来采取这样的郑重态度。毛泽东同志说,我们党的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">主动权来自实事求是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">。邓小平同志说,我们党所以是一个好的党,总是能从错误中走出来取得更大成功,一个重要原因就是一贯采取这样的态度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">六是,总结和吸取历史教训,目的是以史为鉴、更好前进。指出:一个民族的历史是一个民族安身立命的基础。不论发生过什么波折和曲折,不论出现过什么苦难和困难,中华民族</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">5000</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">多年的文明史,中国人民近代以来</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">170</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">多年的斗争史,中国共产党</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">90</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">多年的奋斗史,中华人民共和国</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">60</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">多年的发展史,都是人民书写的历史。这就是说,我们要尊重自己的历史、珍惜自己的历史,着眼未来,把我们的全部历史作为向前发展的宝贵财富。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">上述思想观点,讲得系统、深刻、精辟,有说服力。这是根据辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的基本原理,从哲学和历史的高度进行的阐述,充分体现了马克思主义的立场、观点、方法,体现了实事求是的精神。讲话提出的基本原则和科学态度,是对《历史决议》有关内容的丰富和发展,是在今天的认识基础上阐述中国共产党自己的历史观。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">夕惕若</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">斯大林被称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">20</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">世纪三大<st1:personname productid="暴" w:st="on">暴</st1:personname>君之一,其做法确实极端,尤其是对权力的极度崇拜,不过经历二战后,斯大林确也是苏联的重要精神支撑,赫鲁晓夫的做法经历否定,气候的继任者,否定后否定,整个社会主义都让他们间接和直接的否定了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">弘毅:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">哈哈,贾老,我是毛粉,刚才只是借案例来论谋略。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">红豆醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">豆也是习粉,哈哈。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 31.5pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">在这样重大的问题上,大家首先要站在全局的高度看问题,否则,难免一叶障目不见泰山。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">向阳花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">赞同贾老。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">贝壳里的海滩:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">俺也赞同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">四、下讲预告<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">原文</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">子曰:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">管仲之器小哉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">!</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">或曰:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">管仲俭乎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">曰:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">管氏有三归,官事不摄,焉得俭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">然则管仲知礼乎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">曰:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">邦君树塞门,管氏亦树塞门;邦君为两君之好有反坫,管氏亦有反坫。管氏而知礼,孰不知礼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">注释:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">管仲:春秋时齐国人,名夷吾,齐桓公的宰相,辅助齐桓公成为诸侯的霸主。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">三归:三处府宅。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">摄:兼任。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">树塞门:树为动词,立的意思。塞门是古代天子诸侯在门口立的小墙,用以遮蔽视线,区别内外。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">反坫(音di</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">à</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">n店):<st1:personname productid="古代国" w:st="on">古代国</st1:personname>君与<st1:personname productid="别国国" w:st="on">别国国</st1:personname>君友好会面,互相酬酌时放置空酒杯的土台。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">译文:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">孔子说:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">管仲的器量真小呀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">!</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">有人问:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">管仲俭朴吗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">孔子说:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">管仲有三处府弟,各项职事都有专人,从不兼差,怎能算是节俭呢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">那人又问:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">那么,管仲是不是知礼呢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">孔子说:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">“</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">国君的门口有小墙遮蔽,管仲也有;国君为了招待别国君主,堂上设有放酒杯的土台,管仲也有。如果说管仲知礼,那么谁不知礼呢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">?</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋;">”</span></p><p></p>

石子云 发表于 2014-6-20 08:16:39

字体库出了点问题,好像字体不一致,我在家里看的和在办公室看,现实的字体都不一样。

老猫 发表于 2014-6-20 12:31:35

石子云 发表于 2014-6-20 08:16
字体库出了点问题,好像字体不一致,我在家里看的和在办公室看,现实的字体都不一样。

挺好的啊,这个论坛程序的排版功能确实差了点。从WORD的直接复制过来不是很方便,提供一个临时解决办法,可以先发在QQ群论坛的编辑框内,然后再复制过来就OK了。大家可以试试。

万仓绝侠 发表于 2014-6-21 14:27:22

上学时,古文这块一直都没不重视,现在工作写材料想做到博古通今,不容易啊,感谢这个平台再回炉学而不思则罔!
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查看完整版本: 跟贾陆英老师学《论语》八佾篇第21章(6月15日)