石子云 发表于 2014-5-21 14:47:18

跟贾陆英老师学《论语》八佾篇第13章 2014年5月20日

<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;">跟<st1:personname productid="贾陆英" w:st="on">贾陆英</st1:personname>老师学《论语》八佾篇第<span lang="EN-US">13</span>章<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 方正小标宋简体;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="20" month="5" year="2014" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">5</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">20</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">下午</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">3</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">30</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">分,《“论语”札记》作者贾陆英老师在老秘网“重温经典读书会”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">QQ</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">群</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">&nbsp;49231471</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">里面,就《论语》八佾篇第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;">13</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">章进行了讲解。本期讲座由crystal、ysh共同整理,具体内容如下。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 黑体; ">一、原文释义<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; "><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">&nbsp;</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">原文</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">:王孙贾问曰:“与其媚于奥,宁媚于灶,何谓也<span lang="EN-US">?</span>”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">子曰:“不然。获罪于天,无所祷也。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">注释:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">王孙贾:卫国大夫。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">与其媚于奥,宁媚于灶:当时俗语。媚,谄媚、奉承。奥,居室的西南角,古时是一家中尊者居住的地方,灶是烹饪做饭的地方。居奥的尊者地位虽高,但不管事,不如灶下做饭的掌握饮食大事。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">译文:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">王孙贾问道:“俗话说,与其在奥处求媚,不如在灶处求媚。这是什么意思<span lang="EN-US">?</span>”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孔子说:“不是这样。如果得罪了天,那就祈祷也没用了。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; "><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 黑体; ">二、顺应天道<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 黑体; "><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">问:孔子对王孙贾所问的回答,表明了他怎样的态度?<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">答:此章所记,是孔子在卫国的事。王孙贾和孔子的问答,用的都是暗喻。其确切所指,后人只能揣想。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">有人说,这里用奥喻指卫灵公或南子,用灶喻指外朝的实际执政者,是王孙贾自比,暗示要孔子奉承自己。孔子回答:“我若做了坏事,奉承谁也没有用”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">有人说,这是王孙贾请教孔子。奥指卫灵公,灶指南子或职位虽低却有权势者。王孙贾问,<st1:personname productid="巴结卫" w:st="on">巴结卫</st1:personname>君,不如巴结有权有势的南子等,这样对吗?孔子说,如果违背了尊君之礼,就会获罪于天,到那时,巴结谁都没有用。后一说更接近于孔子原意。孔子的回答,表明了他维护礼制的态度。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">中华文化中的“天”,有三层基本含义:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">其一,指主宰人类命运的“上帝”。这是夏代和商代流行的“天命论”,认为“天”是有意志的,人类的一切吉凶祸福都是天的意志决定的。西汉大儒董仲舒继承这一思想,提出天人感应的神学目的论,认为天意与人事交感相应,天能干预人事,预示灾害与吉祥,人的行为也能感应上天。魏晋南北朝时期,玄学兴起,经学及董仲舒的神学目的论被打破。我们现代人对这一观念应予摒弃。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">其二,指具有道德属性的“天理”,也就是义理之天。孔子所说的“天”,主要是义理之天。孔子说:“天生德于予”(《论语</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">述而》),他认为上天赋予人最大的德性就是仁德。他强调“知天命”(《论语</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">为政》),就是指通过人的学习和道德实践,提升主体意识的自觉性,“下学而上达”(《论语</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">宪问》),体悟天赋于人“仁德”的道理,这是实现仁德的重要途径。因此他说:“不知命,无以为君子也。”(《论语</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">尧曰》)在这里,孔子从义理之天的角度,把天与人紧密地联系在一起。孟子强调“诚”是天的根本属性,他说:“尽其心者,知其性也;知其性,则知天矣。”(《孟子</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">尽心上》)“诚者天之道也,思诚者人之道也。”(《孟子</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">离娄上》)又说:“反身而诚,乐莫大焉。”(《孟子</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">尽心上》)认为反省自己以达到诚的境界,就是最大的快乐。北宋张载继承孟子的思想,在中国哲学史上第一次使用了“天人合一”的概念,他说:“儒者因明致诚,因诚致明,故天人合一”(《正蒙</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">乾称》),“性与天道合一存乎诚”(《正蒙</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">诚明》)。儒家经典《周易》,是中国哲学的源头之一。《郭店楚简》记载了当时的人们对《周易》的认识,“易,所以会天道、人道也。”认为《周易》研究的,就是天道(自然界的规律)和人道(人类社会的秩序)相互贯通、相互依存、相互统一的道理。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">其三,指生成万物的大自然。孔子还明确肯定“天”是包括四时运行、万物生长在内的自然界,他说<span lang="EN-US">:</span>“天何言哉<span lang="EN-US">?</span>四时行焉,百物生焉,天何言哉<span lang="EN-US">?</span>”(《论语</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">阳货》)“知(智)者乐水,仁者乐山”(《论语</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体; ">·</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">雍也》)是他热爱大自然,回归大自然的情怀和境界。荀子所著的《天论》,是儒家典籍中对“天”这个概念进行系统论述的文章。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">第一,荀子肯定了“天”的客观存在。他说:“天行有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡。”在荀子看来,天就是大自然,它的规律是客观存在的,是不依人的意志为转移的。这一观点,与神秘主义的“天人感应”论是根本对立的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">第二,荀子提出人要顺应自然,学会运用自然规律为自己服务。顺应大自然的规律而采取正确的治理措施,就会获得成功;违背大自然的规律而采取错误的治理措施,就要招致祸害。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">第三,荀子用大量事实批驳了所谓天的意志决定人间治乱、吉凶、祸福的观点。他说:社会的太平和动乱,不是天的意志决定的。因为日月星辰等天体运行和历法现象,是夏禹和夏桀同样具有的自然条件,夏禹凭借这些条件把国家治理得很好,夏桀却把国家搞乱了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">第四,荀子在中国哲学史上第一次明确提出了以人力改造自然的思想。《天论》所说的“天”,就是指日月运行、四季交替之类的纯自然现象,这是儒家无神论倾向的进一步发展。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“获罪于天,无所祷也。”从孔子告诚王孙贾的语意中可知,孔子主张凡事应依照天理而行。尊君即是天理,违背天理,就会获罪于天,再去祈祷也就没有什么用了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">葵花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">可以理解为孔子提倡尊君、尊奥、尊灶?引申为尊礼制<span lang="EN-US">?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">琢璞居主人:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“与其媚于奥,宁媚于灶。”——实用主义的表现,也可以说是县官不如现管的脚注;“获罪于天,无所祷也。”<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>——强调礼对阶层分明的重视与不可僭越,小子一孔之见,天理也就是礼法,可以这样理解吗?<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“天理也就是礼法,可以这样理解吗?”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——可以。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">琢璞居主人:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">其实还是孔子核心观念的再次体现,批驳那种实用主义。但是感觉孔子还是没有论证透彻,只是借用天理打压吓唬了别人一下,其实还是有点底气不足。如现在的宪法与刑法,当然,这样比喻不太妥当,县官和现管的比喻可能会更加妥当些。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">古人用竹简写字,记录,惜字如金。《论语》多是弟子们记录的孔子的话,非常简约。不可能如今人一样展开论述。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“县官和现管的比喻可能会更加妥当些。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——这个说法更妥当。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">琢璞居主人:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">也是受体裁所限,需要我们这些后辈们去再次创作,当然这是接受美学的观点了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“县官和现管的比喻可能会更加妥当些——这个说法更妥当。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">--</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">这个深有感触啊,昨天三县长签字了,今天交到县委办文秘处,说是他们没有会签,得重新走程序!<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">琢璞居主人:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">媚于灶,这是屈从现实并希望获得好处的人,感觉子贡比较类似;媚于奥,内心仍然恪守一些古老的法则或道德,比如颜回。再次引申,可以借此探究变通与执著的关系,当然,这样无节制的引申下去就离文本越来越远了,就文本的阐释而言也就越来越没有意义了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“媚于灶,这是屈从现实并希望获得好处的人,感觉子贡比较类似;媚于奥,内心仍然恪守一些古老的法则或道德,比如颜回。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——子贡与颜回,都是孔子高徒。子贡并非媚于灶,屈从现实并希望获得好处的人。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">琢璞居主人:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">我也觉得这个举得不太恰当,太过于希望从孔子的底子中找典型了,有点指标右派的味道,想到了他对阳虎的态度。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“想到了他对阳虎的态度。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——这一则故事很能说明孔子坚守道义,坚持原则,进退有据的态度。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">葵花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">看来孔夫子不奉承有权之人,是尊君,尊礼,尊值得尊重的人。尊重但不奉承,比较有气节。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“看来孔夫子不奉承有权之人,是尊君,尊礼,尊值得尊重的人。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——是的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">前几年,“参考消息”曾有一篇报导,称“中国官员迷信风水令人困惑。”时下,确有一些党员干部没有树立起正确的世界观、人生观、价值观,他们面对升迁等诸多的不确定性,对未来缺乏信心,因而比普通民众更容易受占卜思想的影响。还有一些官员,贪赃枉法,贪污受贿,面对法律的追究,心存侥幸者有之,日夜提心吊胆者也有之。他们也往往要求助于神灵的保佑。这就用得着孔子那句话:“获罪于天,无所祷也。”十八大后第一个落马的省部级官员李春城,就曾滥用职权,将家里老人坟墓迁往成都都江堰,聘请风<st1:personname productid="水" w:st="on">水</st1:personname>先生做道场等花费千万。然而最终也无法逃脱法律的严惩。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">古语说:“头上三尺有神明”,告诫人们无论你在什么地方做任何事,你头上三尺地方的神明都会看得清清楚楚,所以任何人不要以为没有人在旁边就做坏事。这是劝善规过的意思。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">现在,这一套日益失灵了。劝善规过,还是要按照孔老夫子的教导,加强自身的道德修养,在头脑中牢固树立起道德底线的观念,做人做事坚守道德底线。这是必要的,但仅仅如此是不够的。因为道德教育靠得是自律,对于那些不自觉的人来说,就显得苍白无力。因此,还需要在人们头脑中牢固树立起法律的权威。十八大以来的反腐风暴,以严明的党纪政纪反四风,派出巡视组搜查各级官员违法乱纪线索,以雷霆万钧之势惩治贪官,所有这些,就是在官员头上高悬起一把“达摩克利斯之剑”。这同样是完全必要的。因为我们的党是执政党,各级领导干部手中有权,如果不受监督,必然产生fubai。只有在官员头上高悬起一把“达摩克利斯之剑”,才能使他们有“如临深渊,如履薄冰”的危机感,从而谨慎用权。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; "><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 黑体; ">三、遵从自然<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; "><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">从“获罪于天,无所祷也”引出的另一个话题,就是要敬畏自然,尊重自然规律。早在<span lang="EN-US">100</span>多年以前,恩格斯就指出:“我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。对于每一次这样的胜利,自然界都对我们进行报复……我们,连同我们的肉、血和头脑,都属于自然界和存在于自然界之中。我们对自然界的全部统治力量,就在于我们比其它一切生物强,能够认识和正确运用自然规律”。然而,直至<span lang="EN-US">20</span>世纪<span lang="EN-US">70</span>年代以前,人类依然陶醉于自己对自然界的胜利,而自然界也一次又一次地报复我们。南方干旱,北方大雪,沙尘呼啸,地震频发,如今,整个大自然的异常现象令我们人类目不暇接。尤其是近年来的“雾霾天气”。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;2013</span>年,“雾霾”成为年度关键词。这一年的<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月,<span lang="EN-US">4</span>次雾霾过程笼罩<span lang="EN-US">30</span>个省(区、市),在北京,仅有<span lang="EN-US">5</span>天不是雾霾天。有报告显示,中国最大的<span lang="EN-US">500</span>个城市中,只有不到<span lang="EN-US">1%</span>的城市达到世界卫生组织推荐的空气质量标准。与此同时,世界上污染最严重的<span lang="EN-US">10</span>个城市有<span lang="EN-US">7</span>个在中国。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">再例如:过度砍伐造成山体植被覆盖率减低,导致滑坡、泥石流;石油泄漏,工农业、生活用水未经处理排入江河湖海,引发赤潮;温室气体排放使得全球气候变暖,造成海平面上升,淹没岛屿国家;气候异常引起厄尔尼诺现象、拉尼娜现象,秘鲁沿岸鱼类大量死亡,给渔业带来巨大损失,厄尔尼诺现象还会使东南亚地区干旱,引发森林大火。如此等等,一次又一次给人类敲响了警钟。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">爱就一个字:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孔子这段话,要从两方面来认识,一是讲尊崇自然的力量,另一方面尊崇社会的力量。前者是不是可以理解为自然规律,后者理解为社会规律,人类在这个社会发展,一方面开发自然的发展,另一方面要讲人自身的发展,开发自然好讲,人自身的发展,包括讲社会文明,包括政治、教育、文化等等。孔子在竭力推崇自己的这套学说,本身也是社会发展的一部分,也可以理解人自身发展的问题的一部分。贾老的这段话,说明人在发展的过程中,其实也是不断认识自然的过程,当然这过程中包括从无数教训得来的认识。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“孔子这段话,要从两方面来认识,一是讲尊崇自然的力量,另一方面尊崇社会的力量,前者是不是可以理解为自然规律,后者理解为社会规律,前者是物质层面,后者是精神层面。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——赞同。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“孔子在竭力推崇自己的这套学说,本身也是社会发展的一部分,也可以理解人自身发展的问题的一部分。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——孔子的学说,有专家概括为“推天道以明人事”。天道,即对自然规律的认识。人事,即对社会规律的认识。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">葵花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">遵循自然规律,而不是一味索取,有违可持续发展的政策。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“遵循自然规律,而不是一味索取,有违可持续发展的政策。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——是的。要克服那种只顾当代人发展而忽视后代人发展的倾向,树立可持续发展的观念。<span lang="EN-US">1972</span>年召开的人类环境大会,通过了著名的《人类环境宣言》,标志着人类开始正视环境问题。<span lang="EN-US">1987</span>年召开的世界环境与发展大会,通过了《我们共同的未来》的报告。这个报告第一次提出“可持续发展”的明确定义是,“在满足当代人需要的同时,不损害后代人满足其自身需要的能力”。<span lang="EN-US">1992</span>年召开的地球问题首脑会议,通过了《<span lang="EN-US">21</span>世纪议程》,这是第一份可持续发展的全球行动计划。我国从<span lang="EN-US">20</span>世纪<span lang="EN-US">90</span>年代把可持续发展作为基本国策,经过多年的努力,人与自然和谐相处,实现可持续发展的思想,逐渐为人们所认识。党的十七大第一次提出建设生态文明的重要战略任务,标志着我们党对坚持文明发展道路的认识进一步深化。但是,由于政策导向、体制机制、干部评价考核体系等多方面的原因,经济社会发展还不能说已经纳入了可持续发展的轨道,传统的高投入、高消耗、高排放、低效益的经济增长方式并没有得到根本性转变。贯彻落实科学发展观,必须坚决纠正只顾局部、忽视全局,只顾眼前、忽视长远的错误观念,坚决禁止掠夺自然、破坏自然的做法,坚决摒弃先破坏后治理、边治理边破坏的做法。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">十八大报告顺应时代变化、顺应人民群众新期待,响亮地发出了建设“美丽中国”的号召,把生态文明建设摆在五位一体总体布局的高度来论述,丰富了中国特色社会主义的内涵,表明我们党对社会主义建设规律认识的深化,也彰显出中华民族对子孙、对世界负责的精神。面对资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势,必须树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念,把生态文明建设放在突出地位,融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程,努力建设美丽中国,实现中华民族永续发展。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">爱就一个字:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">美丽中国,把中国人谋求自身发展与民族、国家发展高度统一起来,具有号召力和感染力,就是中国梦,且在世界来看具有吸引力,也为中国当前发展注入新内涵。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“推天道以明人事”之后,尽人事以普天道?”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">——前者是孔子及先贤们做了,后者贾老正在做,好像……<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; ">贾陆英:</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">尽人事,听天命。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">醒来:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">众望所归,贾老勿谦!<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">葵花:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">建设生态文明社会主义国家,又是一个为当代人谋福利,给子孙后代留后路的目标。贾老给咱们的教化,在慢慢的给咱们树立一个正确的社会主义核心价值观!<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.25pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; "><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 黑体; ">四、下讲预告<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; "><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">原文:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">子曰:“周监于二代,郁郁乎文哉,吾从周。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">注释:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">监,古同“鉴”,其含义一是镜子,二是借鉴,参考。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">二代指夏、商两朝。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">郁郁:形容文采之盛貌。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32pt; line-height: 28pt; "><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">文:指礼乐制度。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 32.15pt; line-height: 28pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; ">译文:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">孔子说:“周朝的礼仪制度借鉴于夏商二代,是多么的丰富多彩呀,我遵从周朝的制度。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 28pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; "><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p></p>

老猫 发表于 2014-5-22 12:43:29

推天道以明人事。尽人事,知天命。利用下班乘车时间,抱着手机补完课。

老猫 发表于 2014-5-22 12:43:36

推天道以明人事。尽人事,知天命。利用下班乘车时间,抱着手机补完课。
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查看完整版本: 跟贾陆英老师学《论语》八佾篇第13章 2014年5月20日