通江调查札记(二)
本帖最后由 王思铁 于 2014-4-5 21:25 编辑 <br /><br /><div align="left"><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><font color="#ED1C24" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr> <wbr></font><font color="#2F3699" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">十年前,以日记形式撰写的《通江调查札记》原载《西部时报》,现分载本博与大家分享。</font></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;"><br></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体; background-color: white;">王思铁</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: red; background-color: white;"><br></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; background-color: white;">3<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">月</span>29<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">日</span></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">早饭后,我们乘车赶往洪口镇。在镇办召开了座谈会,片区工委和镇上的领导介绍说,洪口镇</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1.14</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万人、其中农业人口</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1.04</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万人,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2003</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年人均纯收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">960</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元。按照县委、县政府的统一部署,开展了村社财务、债务清理,目前已经接近尾声。村村都有负债,负债最多的永安坝村</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">200</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多万元,原因是修学校超计划</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">50</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元,以村社名义在县城、万源等地借高利贷替农户交税费</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">140</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元。全镇有古宁寨、阎家垭、铺丝坪村不通公路;还有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户农户住窝棚、岩洞,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户无房户由镇政府出钱租房给他家住。全镇缺水,包括场镇供水也困难。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">我们正在座谈,只见一位衣衫褴褛、步履维艰的老大娘推门走了进来。镇上的同志可能是担心会影响座谈,就把她请走,我赶紧又把她请进屋来坐下。老大娘叫王光秀,今年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">63</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁,永安坝村</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">社人。她一家</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">口人,病残的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">70</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多岁的老伴万作凯,患有精神病的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">34</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁的三儿万德书,另外还有两个</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">12</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">9</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁的孙子,是大儿子万迅走失后留下的。王大娘一边流泪一边泣说,“’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">98</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年县上组织劳务输出到新疆,万迅也在其中,可他在去的途中走失了。那年冬天,家里卖一头肥猪,准备买粮过年。正在卖猪收款时,社长从买猪人手里把</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">380</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元肥猪钱全都抢了过去,抵交我家的税费。我们一家又哭又求情,好说歹说,最后他才把钱还给了我家。我家房子坏了,早就批了几方木材,准备维修。林业站的人时不时来检测,那次社长又把三儿叫去站起不准动。没过多久,万迅媳妇丢下两个孩子改嫁走了。”避坑落井、雪上加霜,“这几桩事凑在一起,三儿受不了打击就疯了。发疯严重时,就连爹妈都要打。有一次,把我和来看我的他姐,打得头破血流的……”说到这里,王大娘更是老泪纵横,泣不成声。镇上的同志介绍说,万迅走失后,县民政每年补助她家</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元钱,直到万迅的两个孩子长到</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">18</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁,父母老死;镇政府又从’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">98</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年起免掉了她家的税费。王大娘又说,“我只认得镇上的李镇长(李秀华),他对我家好。这些年,每年都是他去学校打欠条,让我的两个孙子读书;又打欠条帮我家买种子、肥料,到年终再从那</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元补助中扣抵。”我问王大娘今天来找李镇长有啥事,她神情沮丧地说,“我家快没粮吃了,家里只有一夹背稻谷(约</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">40</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">来公斤);没盐吃了,又缺钱买。去年的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元,估计多少还剩一点,来找李镇长帮助取来买点盐巴和口粮。”见到这情景,我的眼睛都湿润了,真没想到,解放都这么多年了,老区人民还这么苦,连吃盐都成了问题!我急忙摸出</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">100</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元钱送给王大娘,要她去买点食盐和口粮,以解燃眉之急。王大娘急忙站起身来双手接住,感激之情溢于言表。李镇长送王大娘出门回来,我们又座谈了一会儿,就去看洪口镇中、小学。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">小学教室是新修的,每间教室挤得满满的,课桌坐凳都是学生自备的。学生寄宿房很旧,床挨床,一床住两个学生,有的住了三四个。座谈会上,校长王宗义说,“一费制”后,每生只交</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">125</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元,比原来减了</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">135</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元,但教育发展困难大。我随意找了一个叫向诚的学生了解情况。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">12</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁的向诚说,我读</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">)班,班上</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">79</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">个同学;我的姐姐向静读初三,我和姐姐的学杂费有部分是借的。一周回家一趟,回去要做农活。我们看了洪口中学,与小学的情况差不多。教师住房很紧张,有的还是危房。我告诉镇上和中学领导同志:学校发展再有多大的困难,也要避免乱收费啊!说到这里,我对他们说,我到巴中调研前看了省纪委、省监察厅发的一个通报,在’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">01</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年至’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">03</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年间,通江中学乱收费</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">490</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多万元,通江实验小学也乱收费</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">43</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万多元。由此,分管的副县长和这两所学校的校长,都受到了行政处分。他们都说,知道了这事,不会乱收费的。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">回到镇上吃中午,已是一点多钟了。饭桌上,大家围绕扶贫边吃边聊,其中有三件事给我印象极深。一件是自力更生修路。洪口镇</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年内修了大大小小</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">48</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">条村、社公路,总里程</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">96</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">公里</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">,没得到国家一分钱的补助。古宁寨村地处偏僻,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">8</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">个社</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多人口。不通公路前,每年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多头肥猪、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">20</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万公斤粮油山货、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">25</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万公斤土豆运不出去。’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">01</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">8</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">月中旬的一天,农户为缴税费、学生学杂费,村社干部组织农民抬猪卖,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">400</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多头肥猪在抬的过程中就闷死了</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">18</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">头。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">230</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多斤的肥猪,李镇长一个下午就帮农民背了两头,背最后一头时还打着电筒下山。那年冬天开始到’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">02</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年底,古宁寨村组织村民筹集炸药钱,投工投劳修通了</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">18</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">公里</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">村、社公路。公路通了,但接主干公路的凡家沟桥又不通。从’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">87</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年以来,村民过河被河水淹死了</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多人,去年春就淹死了</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">人,其中有个还是学生娃娃。夏天村委就开始组织村民修漫水桥。总投资</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">11</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元,群众自筹</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万、镇政府补助</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万,村干部用房子抵押贷款</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万。年底漫水桥也通了。路通、桥通,带来了农民增收,全村人均纯收入从原来的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">700</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多元增加到’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">03</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">980</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元。二是镇村债务重。镇上净债务</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">380</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元、村级</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">510</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元。今年,在县委、政府组织的全县财务清理中砍掉高利息</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">230</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元、砍去不合理支出</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元。三是乡镇干部苦。李镇长说,现在乡镇干部最苦的是抓发展。乡村债务重、农民债务也重,洪口镇很穷,什么都没有,谈发展困难重重。扶贫也苦,因为老百姓穷,当干部的又一时解决不了他们的困苦,所以农民苦身、干部苦心。李镇长说,我有时也发脾气。去年腊月二十七那天,都快过年了,一个姓张的债主带了五六个人来镇政府找我讨债。要搬我的办公用具,要抱我的被盖。我就躲,往家里躲。那五六人就跟着我,到我家里坐着不走,要吃、要住。我忍不住就发气了。我们问为什么欠债主的债?李镇长说,是’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">97</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年镇上借了他</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元来缴税费。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">从洪口镇出发,我们到永安坝村</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">11</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">社看了</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户农户:刘官仲、刘进平、刘作、刘彦胜。在刘彦胜家里座谈了一阵子。刘彦胜</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">62</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁,一家</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">口人,他和</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">58</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁的妻子路正香,儿子和儿媳。儿子、儿媳外出打工,老两口在家种田。我们问到他家的债务、税费?刘大爷说,目前还有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1500</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元贷款。’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">87</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年修房子贷信用社</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元,到现在还有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">400</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元未还,’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">99</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">月贷扶贫款</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">500</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元、今年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">月</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">11</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">日儿子刘用夫妇外出打工又贷</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">600</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元作路费。我们要他把凭据找来看一下。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">500</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元扶贫款是’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">99</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">月</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">23</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">日</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">贷的,编号为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">182</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">号,到</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2004</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">月</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">23</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">日</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">应还款,利息</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2.4%</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">。问到扶贫款发展什么项目?刘大爷说:“我用来抵交税费了”。他还说,“‘</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">97</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年税费最高,那年我们社每人</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">400</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多元。”</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">从永安坝到铁溪,要经过万源市的竹峪镇,到竹峪镇已是下午</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">点过了。我们在镇上步行一阵子,顺街了解了一些情况,就去到了居委会文书任国荣家里。据任国荣介绍:镇上</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">680</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">来人,其中属于原来镇上的居民户只有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">200</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多户、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">800</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">余人。其余的多数是农民在镇经商,他们中租房的约</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">100</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户、购房的约</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">100</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户、买地建房的有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">180</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户左右。这个镇已有一定规模,分为通江街、教师街、线子街、新街和干部街。这里是农副产品的集散地,早些年主要是交易当地生产的香菇,现在是组织周边县的香菇、山货特产来交易。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">到铁溪镇天早已黑了,吃过饭我们同铁溪工委书记杨永超、以及镇上的其他同志,在会议室闲谈了约两个半小时。大家谈得最多的是通江革命史、当今的贫困、扶贫的政策,群众的自力更生精神、老区的光荣传统等。杨书记说,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">02/03</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年,铁溪</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">8</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">个乡镇修了村社公路</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">460</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">公里</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">,我们组织乡(镇)干部到信用社贷款</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">620</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">当晚,在镇招待所里,与县扶贫办的阎主任探讨当前的扶贫政策,一直谈到</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">点过钟。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; text-indent: 21.75pt; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: white;"><br></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; text-indent: 21.75pt; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; text-indent: 21.75pt; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: 宋体;">月</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; text-indent: 21.75pt; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">30</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; text-indent: 21.75pt; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: 宋体;">日</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">冒着雨,我们到了什字乡田坝村回龙滩社。这里建了一个移民新街,新街规划</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">22</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户,已搬进</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">14</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户。每户住房一楼一底</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">间,畜圈在外。基础设施部分由乡政府组织建设。漫水桥</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">11.5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元,县上扶贫资金补助</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元,余下的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5.5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元由乡党委书记、乡长、乡财政所长各贷款</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元,村上干部各贷</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元解决。水泥地坝由乡上补助</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">220</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">吨水泥。搬迁户住房一套造价约为</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4.5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元,其中买钢筋、水泥、砖以及匠人工钱约花</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2.5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元,由移民扶贫等资金补助;另外买木材、河沙等需</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元,农户自筹。自筹部分每户在信用社贷款</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元。据乡长张大梁介绍,香菇生产形成了规模,每户可以生产香菇</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">袋,年收入九千元至一万二千元。移民新街成立了“大巴山食用菌专业协会”,目前有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">300</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多名会员。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">雨,接着下个不停。我们去到田坝村的八柳坪社,这个社</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">37</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">156</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">人,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">101</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">亩耕地。几年前,这里还是个穷社。近几年变化大,是因为调结构,一业为主、兼业经营。一业就是香菇,’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">00</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年周吕云、陈会兴、郭成岳三户开始种香菇,每户</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">袋、纯收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多元。以后逐年发展,到目前已有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">35</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户种香菇。户均香菇收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5600</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元。兼业就是养猪、种中药材、油菜。去年,户均出栏肥猪收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">600</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元、中药材收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1600</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元、油菜籽收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3800</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元。全社人均纯收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2800</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多元。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">74</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁的周亲贤老人给我们谈起修公路时,颇为自豪。他说,这几年变化大啊!上前年(’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">01</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年)农业四五月间,天气也大(热),我家两头肥猪,每头</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">700</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多斤。请了</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">20</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多人,像抬丧一样运出去卖,半路上就闷死了一头。我们决心修公路,六月间动工,腊月间通车,没要国家一分钱。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">156</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">人,每人投资</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">150</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元买炸药、雷管等。其他的全部投工投劳。四公里半路,分成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">7</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">段,一个月修一段;每段又按户数分成</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">37</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">小段,各户想办法完成。当时,有杨怀书等三户在外打工,都回来修路。我年纪大,也去动了半天,回来躺了</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">天。最多时有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">100</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多人上阵,乡干部也来帮忙,还自带饭吃,我们千感谢万感谢哟!公路通了,产业有了,外出打工的呢也回来了。前些年,一年少说也有一半的劳力在外打工,现在只有个别的在外打工了。我们去到</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">33</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁的张乾珍家,她给我们算起了去年一家的收入账:扣除成本,香菇收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">8000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元、出栏肥猪收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元、卖油菜籽收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1600</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元、中药材收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1400</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元。仅这几笔,全家人均就达</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2100</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多元。她还说,“社会总是穷的穷、富的富,市场经济由穷变富要靠自己去钻研哟,就是要想办法创收、挣钱。”我们问她,“那你家原来有好穷呢?”她说,“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年前的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">月间结婚,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">24</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元的结婚证手续费都没有,给别人借来交,到年底才找钱来还。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元钱照张结婚照,拿不出钱啊,只好留下一个遗憾!”我们又问“你们家是怎么‘由穷变富’的?”她笑呵呵地说“开始我种天麻,我的丈夫做小生意。就这样逐步‘由穷变富’的!”</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">到新文乡土墙坪村时,已经快中午一点了。乡上的同志说,就在吴健家吃中午。吴健夫妇很热情,忙着去张罗待承午餐。我们就趁机参观香菇生产,围着柴火座谈。乡上同志介绍:乡政府到县城</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">72</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">公里</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">,土墙坪离乡政府三公里半。全乡</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">7</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">个村</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">22</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">个社,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1246</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5286</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">人。’</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">03</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">年,乡财政收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">17</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万元,农民人均纯收入</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1026</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元。农民人均税费</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">54.26</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元,其中两工折款</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">25</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元。税费最高的是春溪沟村</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">126.26</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元,原因是地多人少。这个村土地贫脊,农民忒穷。全村只有两个社,人口最多时</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">600</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多人,因为太贫困,近几年外迁的多,去年底只有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">368</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">人。土墙坪村的香菇发展快,带动了农业结构调整。全村两个社、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">173</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">799</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">人,有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">104</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户生产香菇。一社的吴刚、吴健两兄弟生产规模最大,吴刚家的年产量是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3.6</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万袋,吴健家的</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3.38</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">万袋,另外年产两万袋的还有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">7</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">户。吴健今年</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">28</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">岁,高中毕业,任土墙坪村食用菌专业协会会长。吴健对我们说:前两年香菇生产就有一定规模,但是,分户生产、特别是分户销售,效益低。去年,乡上积极帮助我们组建食用菌协会,把香菇生产、加工、销售等连成一体,减少了中间环节、降低了成本、收入明显增加。全村仅香菇一项,人平就增收</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1500</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; text-indent: 21.75pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">到达空山乡时,已是近晚上</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">点了。在林场招待所吃过晚餐,就在乡党委书记杨峥嵘的办公室座谈。谈了重点县、重点村的一些政策。据乡里的同志介绍说,空山有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">个大坝连接一起,但无地下水,故名空山。它是通江最边远高寒的乡之一,离县城</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">103</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">公里</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">。当年中国工农红军从陕西入川来在这里打了著名的“空山战役”,李先念、徐向前逝世后骨灰也洒在空山乡。乡政府门前有棵将军树,是棵大核桃树。传说,当时红军为了打“空山战役”,战士们欲砍这棵树,就在这时李先念骑马来碰上,说:这是老百姓求生存的树,不能砍。这样,树保留下来了。后人为了感激李先念的亲民思想,把树取名“将军树”,并在树前立碑纪念。空山乡有</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">8</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">个村、</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">多人口,去年人均纯收入不足</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体;">元,但一个省定重点扶贫村也没有。对此,县扶贫办的阎主任解释说,通江县贫困村太多,省定重点村指标少,县里在安排时,对像空山这样在实施秦巴世界银行贷款扶贫项目的乡,都没有安排。</span></span></p></div>
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