关于格律诗的对仗以及相关的写作体会
<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> 大家好,今天这一讲,主要为大家说一下,格律诗的对仗问题,因为,在近日,我们群里人有几个爱好者,写作律诗的时候,看意境和韵律还说得过去,但是,对仗不是很严谨。这就让自己写作出来的格律诗失色很多。我们大家都知道,格律诗是近体诗,它有严格的规矩管束,本身要做到韵律符合要求,然后,在写作律诗的时候,还要讲究对仗工整。当然,有很多的时候,写作格律诗要是想完全符合规矩也是很不容易的事情,这就需要我们,掌握最基本的诗词格律理论,如果不掌握,写作的时候肯定会出偏差的。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 作为一个格律诗的爱好者,每一个人写出来的诗句都想力求完美,尤其是律诗,是需要很深的文字功底的,在我初学的时候,也经历过各种各样的困惑。没办法,只有补充能量。补充能量的方式除了看书自悟和虚心求教,我想是没有别的路可走的。这就需要我们初学者,不光是要有动笔的欲望,还必须静下心来,专门的研究一些必要的写作知识。在掌握了最基本的应用写作知识之后,在拿起你手中的笔,你会觉得你现在的写作会比你没掌握基础理论的时候,信心和能力提高很多。也会在欣赏别人写作的文字时候,能够运用你所学的知识,用自己的评判标准去综合分析,找出其中的精彩之处和不足。这对自己的写作是很有帮助的,也能让你在写作的时候,避开那些缺陷,使文字更加精炼,流畅。意境更趋完美。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 格律诗的形式简单,但是,各种修辞方法在实际应用上却是十分复杂的,这也是格律诗的魅力所在。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 我们通常说的格律诗,是指的近体诗。它自唐代时期形成完整的体系,分为五言、七言和排律。按照诗律学的术语,从一首诗的开始算起,每两句叫做一“联”,每联中的上一句叫“出句”,一下句叫“对句”。这样也就是说,每一联的出句和对句必须“对”,上一联的对句和下一联的出句必须“粘”。“对”和“粘”,看一句诗的头两个字,由于第一个字有时可平可仄,所以实际上主要以第二个字衡量“对”和“粘”的标准。如王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》中,第一句中的“日”字是仄声字,第二句中的“河”字是平声字,符合“对”的要求,第二句的“河”字与第三句的“穷”字都是平声字,符合“粘”的要求。第三句的“穷”字是平声字,而第四句的“上”字是仄声字,又符合“对”的要求。这就是我们常说的对和粘中在格律诗中的具体表现,掌握了“对”和“粘”的规则,我们就可以根据基本格式很容易地推导出其他各种平仄格式。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 在这里,建议初学者在写做格律诗的时候,不要用变格写作,因为,你还没弄明白拗句和拗救这些基本概念,这是需要花很大功夫才能掌握的写作技巧,正格写作,中规中矩,也不会有大的偏差。尤其是律诗,会让你写的对句中的对仗不严谨,还会你和下一个对句失粘的。我们写作格律诗不仅要运用大量的修辞方式,还要让句子的句式有相互的关联尤其是律诗,要注意起承转合,也有人叫起承转结。起,指的是首联,它是起始,要求平直。承,是指颌联,承接上文,承上启下,要求有重量,有分量。转,指颈联,要求有转折感,有变化。合或者叫“结”,是指尾联,要体现结尾性,要求含蓄而意味深长,从前有的诗评家,特别注重和强调这个起承转合。其实这种起承转合式,只是律诗的一种结构,也许是一种比较好的结构,但不是唯一的。每首诗的内容都不一样,还是应当坚持内容与形式的统一,结构既要合理,也需要多样化。 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 本身说,格律诗还是有很多的规律可循的,比如,你要了解他们之间的关系,绝句是律诗的一半,也可以说,把绝句叠加起来互粘,在注意对仗,就是律诗。明白了这种关系,希望大家在写作练习的时候,先把绝句掌握好,因为绝句并不是要求绝对对仗的,对仗也好不对仗也罢,子要是把自己的写作情感添加进去,把意象表达清楚,就应该是可以看的诗了,在练习绝句的同时,学会拗句的处理和拗救,并且有意识的练习对仗,为自己以后写律诗打下坚实的基础。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 我曾经跟不少人说过我自己学习时的一点经验和感受。在刚练习写作格律诗的时候,真的不知道什么样的诗词才能算是格律诗词,随着时间的推移,自己看的书多了,尤其是看了王力先生所著的《诗词格律》之后,才茅塞顿开的,这本书在我的手里,已经翻看的不成样子,也在上面涂鸦,当作一种感受。就是现在也还是翻看,找一些理论上的东西和技巧。希望我们的爱好者,能够看一下这本书,在看的同时,按照不同的时期,练习写作才是一个比较好的选择。等你弄明白了,你会知道,原来诗词歌赋是相通的,掌握了格律诗的写作,在看一些别的资料,你就会对汉赋,宋词、元曲以及古体诗词有一个突飞猛进的认识。这也是我们常说的触类旁通。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 一、对仗的概念和分类</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 对仗,在汉语词典中中有三种含义,其他两类我不详述,只说一下在诗词里的概念:对仗是指旧体诗文的词句相对偶。清沈德潜《说诗晬语》卷下:“对仗固须工整,而亦有一联中本句自为对偶者。”蔡元培《国文之将来》:“旧式的五七言律诗与骈文,音调铿锵,合乎调适的原则;对仗工整,合乎均齐的原则,在美术上不能说毫无价值。”王力《龙虫并雕斋文集·语言与文字》:“对仗,就是名词对名词,动词对动词,形容词对形容词,数量词对数量词,虚词对虚词。”还有很多对这个概念的定义,这里就不一一列举,意思大致都是如此。有了这样的概念我们再说一下分类,并举例说明: <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">对仗的运用有宽有严,因而出现各种不同类型,有工对、邻对、宽对、借对、当句对、交股对、互文对、流水对、隔句对(又叫扇面对)等。在内容上则有言对、事对、正对、反对等名目。 <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 【工对】:近体诗中用得很工整的对仗,称为“工对”。要做到对仗工整,一般必须用同一门类的词语为对,如名词中天文、地理、时令、器物、服饰等同一意义范畴的词。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">如杜甫《绝句》</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">两个黄鹂鸣翠柳,</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">一行白鹭上青天。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">窗含西岭千秋雪,</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">门泊东吴万里船。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">对仗相当工整。诗中的“两个”对“一行”(数量结构对数量结构),“黄鹂”对“白鹭”(禽类名词相对)、“翠”对“青”(颜色名词相对)、“千”对“万”(数词相对)都是同类词为对,非常工整。 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 【宽对】:近诗体对仗中的一种。它与工对是相对的概念。宽对是一种不很工整的对仗,一般只要句型相同、词的词性相同,即可构成对仗。这样的对仗,一般称之为“宽对”。宽对要比邻对的要求再宽一些。如一般以名词对名词、以形容词对形容词便可以。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">如黄鲁直《答龙门秀才见寄》诗第二联“明月清风非俗物,轻裘肥马谢儿曹”便是宽对。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">举例: <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> <wbr>戍鼓断人行,秋边一雁声。 <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> <wbr>露从今夜白,月是故乡明。 <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> <wbr>有弟皆分散,无家问死生。 <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> <wbr>寄书常不达,况乃未休兵。 <wbr>——杜甫《月夜忆舍弟》</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> <wbr>这种格式也是首句入韵。 <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 【邻对】:近体诗对仗中的一种。用词义的门类比较接近的词为对,便叫“邻对”。所谓词义门类相近,如天文与时令、地理与宫室、器物与衣饰、植物与动物、方位对数量等的关系。用这些意义接近的词为对,就是邻对。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">如白居易《感春》中的两句:“草青临水地,头白见花人”,草与头不同类,水与花不同类,地与人不同类,这可以算是邻对。 <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 【当句对】:也叫自对,对仗的一种,一句之中某些词语自成对偶,叫作自对。如洪迈《容斋随笔》中引李义山诗:“密迩平阳接上兰,秦楼鸳瓦汉宫盘。池光不定花光乱,日气初涵露气干。但觉游蜂绕舞蝶,岂知孤凤接离鸾,三星自转三山远,紫府程遥碧落宽。”诗中多各相自为对,如第二句的秦楼对汉宫,瓦对盘;第五句的游蜂对舞蝶;第六句的孤凤对离鸾等等。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 【借对】:近体诗的一种对仗方式,或称为假对。它通过借义或借音等手段来达到对仗工整的目的。 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>1.借义,是利用词的多义性,通过一个词的某一种意义与相应的词构成对仗,但诗里所用的并不是这一种意义,而是另一种意义。如杜甫《曲江》诗:“借债寻常行处有.人生七十古来稀”。“寻常”一词具有多种含义,一为“平常”,一是“八尺为寻,倍寻为常”。前者是一般的副词,后者是数量词,这里用寻常来对数词“七十”,用的是它本来具有的数量方面的含义,而诗中用的却是它副词方面的意义。这就是“借义对”。 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>2.借音,是利用字词之间的同音关系,以甲词(字)来表乙词(字)。例如对句用了甲字,对句本来应当使用与甲字意义相类似的乙字,但用乙字在全中的意义上又不合适,于是就选用一个与甲字同音而又字义相关的丙字来结成对仗。如古句之“残春红药在,终日子规啼“,以红对子(谐紫),又如“住山今十载,明日又迁居“,以十对迁(谐千)”皆是假借,既是“借音对”。 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 【扇面对】:诗、词、曲对仗的一种格式,即隔句相对。一首诗中前联与后联形成对仗,便是扇面对。各联中的出句和对句,本身不构成对仗。就诗方面说,例如唐人白居易的《夜闻筝中弹潇湘送神曲感旧》诗:“缥缈巫山女,归来七八年。殷勤湘水曲,留在十三弦。苦调吟还出,深情咽不传。万重云水思,令夜月明前。”第一、三句为对,第二、四句为对。词中也使用扇面对,如柳永的《玉蝴蝶》上片:“水风轻,苹花渐老;月露冷,梧叶飘黄”,下片“念双燕,难凭远信;指暮天,空识归航。”曲中的扇面对,如程景初散套《春情》:“小小亭轩,燕子来时帘未卷。深庭小院,杜鹃啼处月空圆。”“燕子”句与“杜鹃”句即为扇面对。也即是第二句与第四句隔句为对。 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 【错综对】:古代韵文对仗的一种方式,它不拘字词的位置,相对的词语处于错综交叉的情况。如中唐诗人李群玉《杜丞相筵中赠美人》诗“裙拖六幅湘江水,髻挽巫山一段云”,“六幅”与“一段”结成对仗,“湘江”与“巫山”也结成对仗,但位置不同。这便属于错综对。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> <wbr> <wbr> 【流水对】:近体诗对仗的一种。流水对是出句与对句在意义上和语法结构上不是对立的,而是有上下相承的关系,两者不能脱离或颠倒,而是有一定秩序的语言结构。如杜甫《闻官司军收河南河北》诗的两句:“即从巴峡穿巫峡,便下襄阳向洛阳”,它们有前后相承接的关系,必须是从四川的巴峡到达巫峡,然后才能再从襄阳到达洛阳,先后的次序不能倒置,而语句的关系上,是下句承接上句,两者构成一个顺承复句,而这两句使用的词语,却构成对仗。这种对仗有如流水,从上游流到下游,故称之为“流水对”。 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 【合掌对】:是格律诗对仗的一种病句句式。一首诗中,出句与对句所用的词基本同义或完全同义,上下句意思相重复,好像两只手掌合在一起,故称这样的对仗为“合掌”。合掌是对仗时应当避免的。如宋之问《初到黄梅》诗:“马上逢寒食,途中属暮春”。途中同马上、暮春与寒食,意既合掌。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">词语对仗的要求是:词义必须同属一类,如以山川对山川,以草木对草木等;词性必须基本相同,如名词对名词,动词对动词等;平仄必须相对,即以平对仄或以仄对平;结构必须对称,即以单纯词对单纯词,以合成词对合成词;另外,要避免同字相对。关于对仗的模式,大家可以参看《声律启蒙》和《笠翁对韵》那些都是最基础的知识范畴,如果不掌握,写作格律诗就会很容易出现对仗不严谨情况</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 二、对仗与对偶的区别</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 另外,大家必须把对仗和对偶搞清楚,不要让两个概念混淆。他们本不是一回事,只是有相同之处但又是区别明显的。《现代汉语词典》的解释:</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">对偶:修辞方式。用对称的字句加强语言的效果。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">对仗:(律诗,骈文等)按照字音的平仄和字义的虚实做成的对偶语句。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">对仗除了具备对偶所具有的特征之外,它还要求联句的上下两句同一结构位置的词语必须是词性一致,平仄相对,且上下两句同一位置上不得使用同一词语。如“大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆”“感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心”“金沙水拍云崖暖,大渡桥横铁索寒”等。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">对仗的要求是极为严苛的。只有符合上述原则的格律诗词联句才叫对仗,否则就不是对仗或对仗不工整,这在格律诗词创作中是绝对不允许的,因而遂成为创作和欣赏格律诗词的重要标准之一。对仗是非格律诗词莫属的专用术语专有名词,尽管格律诗词中的对仗同时也符合修辞中的对偶的标准和要求。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">我们只能这样说,是“对仗句”也就必然是“对偶句”,但是“对偶句”就不能说是“对仗句”。特别是诗句及词句在讲究炼字炼句炼意的锤炼语言的艺术标准上,二者是不可相提并论的。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 三、在实际写作中,对仗的运用</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"></font></p>**** Hidden Message *****<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> 好了,说三道四一番,也该结合自己的作品说一点体会了,给大家录用一首我写的:</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">五律--品茗思旧</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">泓泉升紫气</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Tahoma" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr></span></font></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">⊙平⊙仄仄</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(255, 128, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei'; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">茶半溢清香</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Tahoma" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr></span></font></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">⊙仄仄平平(韵)</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(255, 128, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei'; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">绿叶解心事</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Tahoma" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr></font></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">⊙仄⊙平仄</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(255, 128, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei'; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">黄花抚内伤</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Tahoma" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr></span></font></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">平平⊙仄平(韵)</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(255, 128, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei'; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">低眉思旧事</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Tahoma" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr></span></font></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">⊙平⊙仄仄</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(255, 128, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei'; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">举目看春光</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Tahoma" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr></span></font></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">⊙仄仄平平(韵)</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(255, 128, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei'; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">又是一年去</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Tahoma" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr></span></font></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">⊙仄⊙平仄</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(255, 128, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei'; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">何时能自强</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Tahoma" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr></span></font></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">平平⊙仄平(韵)</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">《山水画意境的概括》</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">文/黑豹忠诚</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">野水无人渡,</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">孤舟尽自行。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">远山寻旷古,</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">近岭隐苍生。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">颤颤衰翁至,</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">悠悠青草鸣。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">欲非阁外雨,</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">诗亦酒中情。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;"> <wbr></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">本作的韵脚:行 生 <wbr>鸣情</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">韵部是:八庚</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">----仄起首句不押韵五律格律</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">⊙仄⊙平仄</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">平平⊙仄平(韵)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">⊙平⊙仄仄</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">⊙仄仄平平(韵)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">⊙仄⊙平仄</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">平平⊙仄平(韵)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">⊙平⊙仄仄</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">⊙仄仄平平(韵)</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: simsun;"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; background-color: white;">就写到这里,希望大家能够对我的作品品头论足。</font><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">文/黑豹忠诚</span></p><p></p>
页:
[1]